Investment in body image for self-definition results in greater vulnerability to the thin media than does investment in appearance management

Body Image

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 59-69

  Ip, Karen ^a   Jarry, Josée L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR   (Canada)

Author keywords

Appearance Schemas Inventory Revised; Body image investment; Thin media images

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; BODY IMAGE; BODY WEIGHT; ESTHETICS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MASS MEDIUM; MOTIVATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY;

ADULT; AFFECT; ATTITUDE; BEAUTY; BODY IMAGE; BODY WEIGHT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MASS MEDIA; MOTIVATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY;

EID: 41549159426     PISSN: 17401445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.08.002     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bernardi R.A. Validating research results when Cronbach's alpha is below .70: A methodological procedure. Educational and Psychological Measurement 54 (1994) 766-775
2. Bessenoff G. Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly 30 (2006) 239-251
3. Brown A., and Dittmar H. Think "thin" and feel bad: The role of appearance schema activation, attention level, and thin-ideal internalization for young women's responses to ultra-thin media ideals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 24 (2005) 1088-1113
4. Cash T.F. Cognitive behavioral perspectives on body image. In: Cash T.F., and Pruzinsky T. (Eds). Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (2002), Guilford Press, New York 38-46
5. Cash T.F. The influence of sociocultural factors on body image: Searching for constructs. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 12 (2005) 438-442
6. Cash T.F., Fleming E.C., Alindogan J., Steadman L., and Whitehead A. Beyond body image as a trait: The development and validation of the Body Image States Scale. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention 10 (2002) 103-113
7. Cash T.F., Jakatdar T.A., and Williams E.F. The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory: Further validation with college men and women. Body Image 1 (2004) 279-287
8. Cash T.F., and Labarge A.S. Development of the Appearance Schemas Inventory: A new cognitive body-image assessment. Cognitive Therapy and Research 20 (1996) 37-50
9. Cash T.F., Melnyk S.E., and Hrabosky J.I. The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders 35 (2004) 305-316
10. Cash T.F., Phillips K.A., Santos M.T., and Hrabosky J.I. Measuring "negative body image": Validation of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire in a nonclinical population. Body Image 1 (2004) 363-372
11. In: Cash T.F., and Pruzinsky T. (Eds). Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (2002), Guilford Press, New York
12. Cash T.F., and Szymanski M.L. The development and validation of the Body-Image Ideals Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment 64 (1995) 466-477
13. Dittmar H., and Howard S. Thin-ideal internalization and social comparison tendency as moderators of media models' impact on women's body-focused anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23 (2004) 768-791
14. Durkin S.J., and Paxton S.J. Predictors of vulnerability to reduced body image satisfaction and psychological wellbeing in response to exposure to idealized female media images in adolescent girls. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 53 (2002) 995-1005
15. Festinger L. A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 7 (1954) 117-140
16. Furnham A., Badmin N., and Sneade I. Body image dissatisfaction: Gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied 136 (2002) 581-596
17. Groesz L.M., Levine M.P., and Murnen S.K. The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders 31 (2002) 1-16
18. Hamilton K., and Waller G. Media influences on body size estimation in anorexia and bulimia: An experimental study. British Journal of Psychiatry 162 (1993) 837-840
19. Hargreaves D., and Tiggemann M. The effect of television commercials on mood and body dissatisfaction: The role of appearance-schema activation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 21 (2002) 287-308
20. Hargreaves D., and Tiggemann M. Idealized media images and adolescent body image: "Comparing" boys and girls. Body Image 1 (2004) 351-361
21. Heatherton T.F. Body dissatisfaction, self-focus, and dieting status among women. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 7 (1993) 225-231
22. Heatherton T.F., and Polivy J. Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 895-910
23. Heinberg L.J., and Thompson K.J. Body image and televised images of thinness and attractiveness: A controlled laboratory investigation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 14 (1995) 325-338
24. Henderson-King E., and Henderson-King D. Media effects on women's body esteem: Social and individual difference factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 27 (1997) 399-417
25. Henderson-King D., Henderson-King E., and Hoffman L. Media images and women's self evaluations: Social context and importance of attractiveness as moderators. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27 (2001) 1407-1416
26. Irving L.M. Mirror images: Effects of the standard of beauty on the self- and body-esteem of women exhibiting varying levels of bulimic symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 9 (1990) 230-242
27. Jakatdar T., Cash T.F., and Engle E. Body-image thought processes: The development and initial validation of the Assessment of Body-Image Cognitive Distortions. Body Image 3 (2006) 325-333
28. Jarry J.L., and Kossert A.L. Self-esteem threat combined with exposure to thin media images leads to body image compensatory self-enhancement. Body Image 4 (2007) 39-50
29. Lowery S.E., Kurpius S.E.R., Befort C., Blanks E.H., Sollenberger S., Nicpon M.F., et al. Body image, self-esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. Journal of College Student Development 46 (2005) 612-623
30. Melnyk S.E., Cash T.F., and Janda L. Body image ups and downs: Prediction of intra-individual level and variability of women's daily body image experiences. Body Image 1 (2004) 225-235
31. Mills J.S., Polivy J., Herman C.P., and Tiggemann M. Effects of exposure to thin media images: Evidence of self-enhancement among restrained eaters. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002) 1687-1699
32. Nunnally J.C. Psychometric theory (1978), McGraw-Hill, New York
33. Ogden J., and Mundray K. The effect of the media on body satisfaction: The role of gender and size. European Eating Disorders Review 4 (1996) 171-182
34. Posavac H.D., Posavac S.S., and Posavac E.J. Exposure to media images of female attractiveness and concern with body weight among young women. Sex Roles 38 (1998) 187-201
35. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image (1965), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
36. Rosenberg M. Conceiving the self (1979), Basic Books, New York
37. Rosnow R., and Rosenthal R. Focused tests of significance and effect size estimation in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology 3 (1988) 203-208
38. Rudiger J.A., Cash T.F., Roehrig M., and Thompson J.K. Day-to-day body image states: Prospective predictors of intra-individual level and variability. Body Image 4 (2007) 1-9
39. Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach's alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extension (on-line), 37(2). Available from http://www.joe.org/joe/1999april/t3.html.
40. Schmitt N. Uses and abuses of Cronbach's alpha. Psychological Assessment 8 4 (1996) 350-353
41. Shaw J. Effects of fashion magazines on body dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in adolescent and adult females. European Eating Disorders Review 3 (1995) 15-23
42. Stice E., Spangler D., and Agras W.S. Exposure to media-portrayed thin-ideal images adversely affects vulnerable girls: A longitudinal experiment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 20 (2001) 270-288
43. Tabachnick B.G., and Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics. 4th ed. (2000), Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA
44. Thompson J.K. The (mis)measurement of body image: Ten strategies to improve assessment for applied and research purposes. Body Image 1 (2004) 7-14
45. Tiggemann M., and McGill B. The role of social comparison in the effect of magazine advertisements on women's mood and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23 (2004) 23-44
46. Tiggemann M., and Slater A. Thin ideals in music television: A source of social comparison and body dissatisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders 35 (2003) 48-58
47. Watson D., Clark L.A., and Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 1063-1070
48. Wood J.V. Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin 106 (1989) 231-248