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-1. Thus, their LC (liquid crystal) temperature intervals seem to be larger than that of 1a. However, upon heating of 1b and 1c, the nematic phase crystallises rapidly at 58°C (1b) and 107°C (2c) and, therefore, the nematic phase is clearly monotropic. These compounds also crystallise when slowly cooled in order to orient the materials for conoscopy or X-ray diffraction. In contrast, compound 1a can be kept cooling for at least one hour in the vicinity of the transition temperature without crystallisation and consequently, 1a was studied in detail
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The birefringence for the aligned sample in Fig. 2c was estimated by means of POM and amounts to Δn = 0.023. The sample is optical negative, which indicates that the short axis of the optical indicatrix (smallest refractive index) is aligned orthogonal to the surface of the substrate. Thus, the value for Δn is presumably not the maximum birefringence of the sample. This is one reason for the higher birefringence in non-aligned samples, as in Fig. 2a. However, in addition, the sample thickness for non-aligned samples was not rigorously controlled. The thickness typically varies between 20-30 μm
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