A dynamic equation for the potential energy anomaly for analysing mixing and stratification in estuaries and coastal seas

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 679-687

  Burchard, Hans ^a   Hofmeister, Richard ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR BALTIC SEA RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

differential advection; estuaries; mixing; potential energy anomaly; stratification; tidal straining

Indexed keywords

ADSORPTION; ADVECTION; COASTAL ZONE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EQUATION OF STATE; ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; NONLINEARITY; NUMERICAL MODEL; POTENTIAL ENERGY; SEA SURFACE SALINITY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOLAR RADIATION; STRAIN ANALYSIS; STRATIFICATION; TURBULENT FLOW; VERTICAL MIXING;

EID: 41549093761     PISSN: 02727714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.025     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Arneborg L., Fiekas V., Umlauf L., and Burchard H. Gravity current dynamics and entrainment-a process study based on observations in the Arkona Basin. Journal of Physical Oceanograhy 37 (2007) 2094-2113
2. Blumberg A.F., and Mellor G.L. A description of a coastal ocean circulation model. In: Heaps N.S. (Ed). Three Dimensional Ocean Models (1987), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 1-16
3. de Boer, G.J., Pietrzak, J.D., Winterwerp, J.C. Using the potential energy anomaly equation to investigate the roles of tidal straining and advection in river plumes. Ocean Modelling, submitted for publication.
4. Bowden K.F. Turbulent mixing in estuaries. Ocean Management 6 (1981) 117-135
5. Bowden K.F., and Fairbairn L.A. A determination of the frictional forces in a tidal current. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series A 214 (1952) 371-392
6. Burchard H. Recalculation of surface slopes as forcing for numerical water column models of tidal flow. Applied Mathematical Modelling 23 (1999) 737-755
7. Burchard, H., Bolding, K., 2002. GETM-a general estuarine transport model. Scientific documentation. Technical Report EUR 20253 EN, European Commission.
8. Burchard H., Bolding K., Rippeth T.P., Stips A., Simpson J.H., and Sündermann J. Microstructure of turbulence in the Northern North Sea: A comparative study of observations and model simulations. Journal of Sea Research 47 (2002) 223-238
9. Burchard H., Bolding K., and Villarreal M.R. Three-dimensional modelling of estuarine turbidity maxima in a tidal estuary. Ocean Dynamics 54 (2004) 250-265
10. Burchard, H., Flöser, G., Staneva, J.V., Riethmüller, R., Badewien, T. Impact of density gradients on net sediment transport into the Wadden Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, in press.
11. Cheng Y., Canuto V.M., and Howard A.M. An improved model for the turbulent PBL. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59 (2002) 1550-1565
12. Fischer H.B., List E.J., Koh R.C.Y., Imberger J., and Brooks N.H. Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters (1979), Academic Press, New York
13. Gale E., Pattiaratchi C., and Ranasinghe R. Vertical mixing processes in intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons, and the dissolved oxygen response. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 69 (2006) 205-216
14. Jackett D.R., McDougall T.J., Feistel R., Wright D.G., and Griffies S.M. Algorithms for density, potential temperature, conservative temperature and the freezing temperature of seawater. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23 (2006) 1709-1728
15. Jay D.A., and Musiak J.D. Particle trapping in estuarine tidal flows. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (1994) 445-461
16. Nunes Vaz R.A., Lennon G.W., and de Silva Samarasinghe J.R. The negative role of turbulence in estuarine mass transport. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 28 (1989) 361-377
17. Officer C.B. Physical Oceanography of Estuaries (1976), Wiley, New York
18. Osborn T.R. Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements. Journal of Physical Oceanography 10 (1980) 83-89
19. Paulson C.A., and Simpson J.J. Irradiance measurements in the upper ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 7 (1977) 952-956
20. Ranasinghe R., and Pattiaratchi C. Circulation and mixing characteristics of a seasonally open tidal inlet: a field study. Marine and Freshwater Research 50 (1999) 281-290
21. Rippeth T.P., and Simpson J.H. The frequency and duration of episodes of complete vertical mixing in the Clyde Sea. Continental Shelf Research 16 (1996) 933-947
22. Rippeth T.P., Fisher N., and Simpson J.H. The semi-diurnal cycle of turbulent dissipation in the presence of tidal straining. Journal of Physical Oceanography 31 (2001) 2458-2471
23. Scott C.F. A prescriptive bulk model of periodic estuarine stratification driven by density currents and tidal straining. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 9 (2004) 13-22
24. Sharples J., and Simpson J.H. Semi-diurnal and longer period stability cycles in the Liverpool Bay region of freshwater influence. Continental Shelf Research 15 (1995) 295-313
25. Simpson J.H. The shelf-sea fronts: implications of their existence and behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London Series A 302 (1981) 531-546
26. Simpson J.H., and Bowers D. Models of stratification and frontal movement in shelf seas. Deep-Sea Research 28 (1981) 727-738
27. Simpson J.H., and Hunter J.R. Fronts in the Irish Sea. Nature 250 (1974) 404-406
28. Simpson J.H., Brown J., Matthews J., and Allen G. Tidal straining, density currents, and stirring in the control of estuarine stratification. Estuaries 26 (1990) 1579-1590
29. Simpson J.H., Hughes D.G., and Morris N.C.G. The relation of seasonal stratification to tidal mixing on the continental shelf. In: Angel M. (Ed). A Voyage of Discovery. Deep-Sea Research (suppl.) (1977) 327-340
30. Simpson J.H., Burchard H., Fisher N.R., and Rippeth T.P. The semi-diurnal cycle of dissipation in a ROFI: model-measurement comparisons. Continental Shelf Research 22 (2002) 1615-1628
31. Umlauf L., Burchard H., and Bolding K. General Ocean Turbulence Model. Source code documentation. Technical Report 63 (2005), Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Warnemünde, Germany
32. van Aken H.M. The onset of stratification in shelf seas due to differential advection in the presence of a salinity gradient. Continental Shelf Research 5 (1986) 475-485
33. Warner J.C., Sherwood C.R., Arango H.G., and Signell R.P. Performance of four turbulence closure models implemented using a generic length scale method. Ocean Modelling 8 (2005) 81-113
34. Wiles P.J., van Duren L.A., Häse C., Larsen J., and Simpson J.H. Stratification and mixing in the Limfjorden in relation to mussel culture. Journal of Marine Systems 60 (2006) 129-143