Re-imagining Sweden: The rhetorical battle over EU membership

Scandinavian Journal of History

Volumn 23, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 45-63

  Ringmar, Erik ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 41549089660     PISSN: 03468755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03468759850116016     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. A summary of the opinion polls can be found in Sören Holmberg, "Den rörliga EU opinionen', in M. Gilljam and S. Holmberg, eds. Ett knappt ja till EU: väljarna och folkomöstningen 1994 (Stockholm: Norstedts Juridik, 1996), pp. 112-123
2. Compare E. Rmgmar, Identity, Interest & Action: A Cultural Explanation of Srveden's Intervention in the Thirty Years War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
3. The best studies of opinions and socioeconomic factors are the articles assembled in Gilljam & Holmberg (1996). For previous attempts to explain the Swedish decision, see J. Ross, "Sweden, the European Community, and the Politics of Economic Realism"', Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 26(3) (1991)
4. B. Sundehus, "Changing Course: When Neutral Sweden Chose to Join the European Community", in W. Carlsnaes and S. Smith, eds. European Foreign Policy: The EC and Changing Perspectives in Europe (London: Sage, 1994). For a general background
5. see M. Jerneck, "Sweden: the Reluctant European?", in T. Tiihkainen and I. Damgaard Petersen, eds. The Nordic Countries and the EC (Copenhagen: Copenhagen Political Studies Press, 1993), pp. 23-42
6. For general overviews, see Å. Daun, [1989], Swedish Mentality, translated by Jan Teeland (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996)
7. M. Gustafsson, "The Silences of the North"; and A. Ruth, "The Second New Nation: The Mythology of Modern Sweden", both m Daedalus, no. 2, Vol. 113 (1984)
8. T. Tilton, The Political Theory of Swedish Social Democracy: Through the Welfare State to Socialism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990)
9. P. Holmberg and I. Ståhl, eds. Välfärdsteori och välfardsstat: en samlingsvolym (Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren, 1969)
10. S. Hentilä, The Origins of the Folkhem Ideology in Swedish Social Democracy (Stockholm: Almquist & Wicksell, 1978)
11. E. Rudberg, Folkhemmets byggande: under mellanoch efterkrigstiden (Stockholm: Svenska turistföre ningen, 1992)
12. N. Andrén, "On the Meaning and Uses of Neutrality" Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 26 (1991)
13. U. Nordlöf-Lagerkrantz, ed., Svensk neuhalite t: Europa och EG (Stockholm: Utrikespolitiska Institutet, 1991)
14. S. Gustavsson, "Hände mget före 1945?: Om omtolknmgen av neutrahtetspohtiken" Tiden, No. 7 (1992)
15. For a comprehensive discussion, see N. Andrén, Maktbalans och alliansfrhet: svensk utrikespolitik under 1900-talet (Stockholm: Norstedts juridik, 1996)
16. N. Elvander, Skandinavisk arbetarrörelse (Stockholm: Liber, 1980), pp. 113-115
17. The only radically different language being Finnish. For a list of "Nordic" traits, see L. Lyttkens, "Risk för Festung Norden i EG" Dagens Nyheter, December 27 (1990), p. A4
18. Its early history is described in S. V. Anderson, The Nordic Council: A Study of Scandinavian Regionalism (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1967)
19. B. Turner and G. Nordquist, The Other European Community: Integration and Co-operation in Naredic Europe (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1982)
20. A concept made famous by Erik Erikson; see, for example, the articles collected in E. Erikson, Identity and the Life Cycle (New York: W. W. Norton, 1980)
21. L. Lyttkens, "Risk för Festung Norden i EG", Dagens Nyhetr, December 27 (1990), p. A4
22. The EU as a "room", cf. former Finance Minster Allan Larsson. "Handelsresande Larsson", Dagens Nyheter, September 4 (1993), p. A11
23. on EU as "dead" after the Danish Maastricht referendum, see D. Dahlerup and P. Gahrton, "Ja till nordisk EG-linje", Dagens Nyheter, October 28 (1992), p. A4
24. F. Kågeson, "Norden bör stå utanför EG'", Dagens Nyheter, June 6 (1992), p. A4
25. members of the Green Party talking about the EU "ending up in the ditch where it belongs'". D. Dahlerup and F. Gahrton, "Ja till nordisk EG-linje", Dagens Nyheter, October 28 (1992), p. A4
26. B. Schlaug, å. Domeij, M. Samuelsson and P. Eriksson, "Miljöpartier kritiserar Gahrton", Dagens Nyheter, November 4 (1992), p. A4
27. "Ett inåtvänt, inskränkt land", Dagens Nyheter, October 18 (1994), p. A2
28. K. E. Lagerlöf, "Slut på självständigheten', Dagens Nyheter, May 6 (1993)
29. Ibid
30. "Ett socialdemokratiskt ja till EG", Dagens Nyheter, September 6 (1993)
31. Th. Fällidin & O. Engström, "Nordiskt nytänkande nödvändigt", Dagens Nyheter, November 25 (1992), p. A4
32. M. Hellström quoted in "Ett inåtvänt, inskränkt land", Dagens Nyheter, October 18 (1994), p. A2
33. M. B. Larson et al., "EU ger oss kärnvapen", Dagens Nyheter, October 19 (1994), p. A4
34. F. Gahrton, "Sverige svek Norden!" Dagens Nyheter, April 29 (1992), p. A4
35. P. Kågeson, "Norden bör stå utanför EG"', Dagens. Nyheter, June 6 (1992), p. A4
36. B. Schlaug, å. Domeij, M. Samuelsson and F. Eriksson, "Miljöpartier kritiserar Gahrton", Dagens Nyheter, November 4 (1992), p. A4
37. J. åman, "Nordiska rådets kris äldre än Norges nej", Dagens Nyheter, December 4 (1994), p. A2
38. G. Wetterberg, "Glörn Norden som union!'", Dagens Nyheter, January 20 (1993), p. A4
39. Th. Fälldin and O. Engström, "Nordiskt nytänkande nödvändigt", Dagens Nyheter, November 25 (1992), p. A4
40. P. Granstedt, "Skapa en nordisk EG-linje!", Dagens Nyheter, October 15 (1992), p. A4
41. C. Bildt, "Lyssna på Elleman-Jensen!" Dagens Nyheter, March 31 (1990), p. A4
42. S. Berg, J.-E. Lane and R. Maeland, "Norden blir starkast i EU", Dagens Nyheter, July 30 (1994)
43. S. Andersson and Th. Fälldin, "För Norden inom EU'", Dagens Nyheter, October 20 (1994), p. A4
44. U. Elleman-Jensen, "Efta isolerar Norden", Dagens Nyheter, March 24 (1990), p. A4
45. Compare C. Bildt, "Lyssna på Elleman-Jensen!", Dagens Nyheter, March 31 (1990), p. A4
46. P. Lipponen, "EU kan falla samman", Dagens Nyheter, July 28 (1994), p. A4
47. P. Lipponen quoted in I. Jägerhorn, "Finländsk opinionsglidming i öppnare debattklimat", Dagens Nyheter, September 11 (1990), p. A2
48. G. H. Brundtland, "Splittrat Norden förlorare'", Dagens Nyheter, October 7 (1991
49. Th. Chr. Wyller, "Skenbar demokrati i EU-val", Dagens Nyheter, March 16 (1994), p. A4
50. On the power of local communities see, for example, P. Aronsson, Bönder göv politik: del lokala självstyret som social arena i tre Smålandssocknar, 1680-1850 (Lund: Lund University Press, 1992)
51. See, for example, Editorial, "Nej till EG'", Dagens Nyheter, September 13 (1993): U. Laurin, "SAF kritiserar Bildt, Dagens Nyheter, October 11 (1993)
52. P. Esaiasson, "Dålrga förlorare", in M. Grlljam and S. Holmberg, eds. Ett knappt ja till EU: väljarna och folkomröstningen 1994, (Stockholm: Norstedts Juridik, 1996), pp. 52-56
53. Compare, for example, R. Schafer, "Narration in the Psychoanalytic Dialogue", in W.J.T. Mitchell, ed. On Narrative (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981)
54. C. Steen-Johnsson, Ett folkbedrägeri: DC 3:An och svensk säkerhetspolitik - Sverige och NATO, 1952-1992 (Stockholm: Carlsson, 1992)
55. R. Kennedy-Minott, Lonely Path to Follow: Nonaligned Sweden, United States/NATO, and the USSR (Stanford: Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1990)
56. For an early critique see E. Ringmar, "FN arena för den svenska utrikespolitikens altruister", Svenska Dagbladet, December 30 (1985)
57. For an evaluation, see Swedish Development Aid in Perspective: Policies, Problems & Results since 1952, edited by F. Frühling (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1986)