Strategie retirements: The influence of public preferences on voluntary departures from congress

Legislative Studies Quarterly

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 285-308

  Wolak, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 41449116392     PISSN: 03629805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3162/036298007780907897     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Abramowitz, Alan I., and Jeffrey A. Segal. 1992. Senate Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2. Abramowitz, Alan I., Albert D. Cover, and Helmut Norpoth. 1986. "The President's Party in Midterm Elections: Going from Bad to Worse." American Journal of Political Science 30: 562-76.
3. Aldrich, John. 1995. Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
4. Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Alan Gerber. 1997. "Incumbency Advantage and the Persistence of Legislative Majorities." Legislative Studies Quarterly 22: 161-78.
5. Ansolabehere, Stephen, and James M. Snyder, Jr. 2004. "Using Term Limits to Estimate Incumbency Advantages when Officeholders Retire Strategically." Legislative Studies Quarterly 29: 487-515.
6. Ansolabehere, Stephen, David Brady, and Morris Fiorina. 1992. "The Vanishing Marginals and Electoral Responsiveness." British Journal of Political Science 22: 21-38.
7. Arnold, R. Douglas. 1990. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
8. Bauer, Monica, and John R. Hibbing. 1989. "Which Incumbents Lose in House Elections: A Response to Jacobson's 'The Marginals Never Vanished.'" American Journal of Political Science 33: 262-71.
9. Bernstein, Jeffrey L., and Jennifer Wolak. 2002, "A Bicameral Perspective on Legislative Retirement: The Case of the Senate." Political Research Quarterly 55: 375-90.
10. Born, Richard. 1986. "Strategic Politicians and Unresponsive Voters." American Political Science Review 80: 599-612.
11. Brace, Paul. 1985. "A Probabilistic Approach to Retirement from the U.S. Congress." Legislative Studies Quarterly 10: 107-23.
12. Cameron, A. Colin, and Pravin K. Trivedi. 1998. Regression Analysis of Count Data. New York: Cambridge University Press.
13. Campbell, James E. 1993. The Presidential Pulse of Congressional Elections. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
14. Clarke, Harold D., Frank B. Feigert, Barry J. Seldon, and Marianne C. Stewart. 1999. "More Time with My Money: Leaving the House and Going Home in 1992 and 1994." Political Research Quarterly 52: 67-85.
15. Cooper, Joseph, and William West. 1981. "Voluntary Retirement, Incumbency, and the Modem House." Political Science Quarterly 96: 279-300.
16. Cover, Albert D. 1986. "Presidential Evaluations and Voting for Congress." American Journal of Political Science 30: 786-801.
17. Cox, Gary W., and Jonathan N. Katz. 2002. Elbridge Gerry's Salamander: The Electoral Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. DeBoef, Suzanna, and James A. Stimson. 1995. "The Dynamic Structure of Congressional Elections." Journal of Politics 57: 630-48.
19. Durr, Robert H., John B. Gilmour, and Christina Wolbrecht. 1997. "Explaining Congressional Approval." American Journal of Political Science 41:175-207.
20. Erikson, Robert S., Michael B. MacKuen, and James A. Stimson. 2002. The Macro Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21. Fenno, Richard F., Jr. 1973. Congressmen in Committees. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
22. Fenno, Richard F., Jr. 1978. Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. New York: HarperCollins.
23. Fiorina, Morris P. 1977. Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
24. Fisher, Samuel H., III, and Rebekah Herrick. 2002. "Whistle while You Work: Job Satisfaction and Retirement from the U.S. House." Legislative Studies Quarterly 27: 445-57.
25. Frantzich, Stephen E. 1978. "Opting out: Retirement from the House of Representatives." American Politics Quarterly 6: 251-73.
26. Gelman, Andrew, and Gary King. 1990. "Estimating Incumbency Advantage without Bias." American Journal of Political Science 34: 1142-64.
27. Gilmour, John B., and Paul Rothstein. 1996. "A Dynamic Model of Loss, Retirement, and Tenure in the U.S. House of Representatives." Journal of Politics 58: 54-68.
28. Groseclose, Timothy, and Keith Krehbiel. 1994. "Golden Parachutes, Rubber Checks, and Strategic Retirements from the 102d House." American Journal of Political Science 38: 75-99.
29. Hall, Richard L., and Robert P. Van Houweling. 1995. "Avarice and Ambition in Congress: Representatives' Decisions to Run or Retire from the U.S. House." American Political Science Review 89: 121-36.
30. Hibbing, John R. 1982. Choosing to Leave: Voluntary Retirement from the U.S. House of Representatives. Washington, DC: University Press of America.
31. Hibbing, John R., and John R. Alford. 1981. "The Electoral Impact of Economic Conditions: Who Is Held Responsible?" American Journal of Political Science 25: 423-39.
32. Jacobson, Gary C. 1989. "Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-1986." American Political Science Review 83: 773-93.
33. Jacobson, Gary C. 2001. The Politics of Congressional Elections. 5th ed. New York: Longman.
34. Jacobson, Gary C., and Michael Dimock. 1994, "Checking out: The Effects of Bank Overdrafts on the 1992 House Elections." American Journal of Political Science 38: 601-24.
35. Jacobson, Gary C., and Samuel Kemell. 1983. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
36. Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Langche Zeng. 1993. "An Analysis of Congressional Career Decisions, 1947-1986." American Political Science Review 87: 928-41.
37. King, Anthony. 1997. Running Scared: Why America's Politicians Campaign Too Much and Govern Too Little. New York: Martin Kessler Books.
38. King, Gary A., and Andrew Gelman. 1991. "Systemic Consequences of Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections." American Journal of Political Science 35: 110-38.
39. Kramer, Gerald H. 1971. "Short-term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896-1964." American Political Science Review 65: 131-43.
40. Krehbiel, Keith, and John R. Wright. 1983. "The Incumbency Effect in Congressional Elections: A Test of Two Explanations." American Journal of Political Science 27: 140-57.
41. Lapinski, John S., and E. Scott Adler. 2006. "Defining the Macropolitics of Congress." In The Macropolitics of Congress, ed. E. Scott Adler and John S. Lapinski. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
42. Levitt, Steven D., and Catherine D. Wolfram. 1997, "Decomposing the Sources of Incumbency Advantage in the House." Legislative Studies Quarterly 22: 45-60.
43. Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Tom W. Rice. 1984. "Forecasting U.S. House Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly 9: 475-86.
44. Livingston, Steven G., and Sally Friedman. 1993. "Reexamining Theories of Congressional Retirement: Evidence from the 1980s." Legislative Studies Quarterly 18: 231-53.
45. Mayhew, David H. 1974a, "Congressional Elections: The Case of the Vanishing Marginals." Polity 6: 295-317.
46. Mayhew, David H. 1974b. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
47. Moore, Michael K., and John R. Hibbing. 1992. "Is Serving in Congress Fun Again? Voluntary Retirements from the House since the 1970s." American Journal of Political Science 36: 824-28.
48. Moore, Michael K., and John R. Hibbing. 1998. "Situational Dissatisfaction in Congress: Explaining Voluntary Departures." Journal of Politics 60:1088-1107.
49. Nelson, Candice J. 1978. "The Effects of Incumbency on Voting in Congressional Elections." Political Science Quarterly 93: 665-78.
50. Omstein, Norman J., Thomas E. Mann, and Michael J. Malbin. 2000. Vital Statistics on Congress 1999-2000. Washington, DC: AEI.
51. Ornstein, Norman J., Robert L. Peabody, and David W. Rohde. 1997. "The U.S. Senate: Toward the Twenty-first Century." In Congress Reconsidered, 6th ed., ed. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly.
52. Renka, Russell D., and Daniel E. Ponder. 2004. "Committee Seniority Violations in the U.S. House and Senate." Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
53. Rohde, David W. 1991. Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
54. Sinclair, Barbara. 1989. The Transformation of the U.S. Senate. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
55. Stimson, James A. 1999. Public Opinion in America: Moods, Cycles, and Swings. 2d ed. Boulder, CO: Westview.
56. Stimson, James A., Michael B. MacKuen, and Robert S. Erikson. 1995. "Dynamic Representation." American Political Science Review 89: 543-65.
57. Theriault, Sean M. 1998. "Moving up or Moving out: Career Ceilings and Congressional Retirement." Legislative Studies Quarterly 23: 419-33.
58. Tufte, Edward R. 1975. "Determinants of Outcomes of Midterm Congressional Elections." American Political Science Review 69: 812-26.
59. Wilcox, Clyde, and Bob Biersack. 1990. "The Timing of Candidacy Decisions in the U.S. House, 1982-1988." Legislative Studies Quarterly 15: 115-26.