Progression of periodontal disease in a maintenance population of smokers and non-smokers: A 3-year longitudinal study

Journal of Periodontology

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 461-468

  Fisher, Sean ^a   Kells, Leah ^a   Picard, Jean Pierre ^a,b   Gelskey, Shirley C ^a   Singer, David L ^a   Lix, Lisa ^a   Scott, David A ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b Canadian Armed Forces   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

^d University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

Bleeding on probing; Chronic periodontitis; Inflammation; Tobacco smoking

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BREATH ANALYSIS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIODONTICS; PERIODONTITIS; PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY; RECURRENT DISEASE; SMOKING;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BREATH TESTS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DENTAL PROPHYLAXIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERIODONTAL INDEX; PERIODONTITIS; RECURRENCE; SMOKING;

EID: 41449114388     PISSN: 00223492     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070296     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ah MK, Johnson GK, Kaldahl WB, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. The effect of smoking on the response to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:91-97.
2. Baharin B, Palmer RM, Coward P, Wilson RF. Investigation of periodontal destruction patterns in smokers and non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33:485-490.
3. Bergstrom J, Eliasson S, Dock J. A 10-year prospective study of tobacco smoking and periodontal health. J Periodontal 2000;71:1338-1347.
4. Calsina G, Ramon JM, Echeverria JJ. Effects of smoking on periodontal tissues. J Clin Periodontal 2002;29: 771-776.
5. Garcia RI. Smokers have less reductions in probing depth than non-smokers following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Evid Based Dent 2005;6:37-38.
6. Gelskey SC. Cigarette smoking and periodontitis: Methodology to assess the strength of evidence in support of a causal association. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27:16-24.
7. Haber J, Kent RL. Cigarette smoking in a periodontal practice. J Periodontol 1992;63:100-106.
8. Haber J, Wattles J, Crowley M, Mandell R, Joshipura K, Kent RL. Evidence for cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for periodontitis. J Periodontol 1993;64: 16-23.
9. Heasman L, Stacey F, Preshaw PM, McCracken GI, Hepburn S, Heasman PA. The effect of smoking on periodontal treatment response: A review of clinical evidence. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33:241-253.
10. Hughes FJ, Syed M, Koshy B, et al. Prognostic factors in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis: II. Effects of smoking on initial outcome. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33:671-676.
11. Jansson L, Lavstedt S. Influence of smoking on marginal bone loss and tooth loss - A prospective study over 20 years. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29:750-756.
12. Linden GJ, Mullally BH. Cigarette smoking and periodontal destruction in young adults. J Periodontol 1994; 65:718-723.
13. Mullally B. The influence of tobacco smoking on the onset of periodontitis in young persons. Tobacco Induced Diseases 2004;2:53-65.
14. Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Hasan AS, Scott DA. Mechanisms of action of environmental factors - Tobacco smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(Suppl. 6):180-195.
15. Preshaw PM, Heasman L, Stacey F, Steen N, McCracken GI, Heasman PA. The effect of quitting smoking on chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32:869-879.
16. Razali M, Palmer RM, Coward P, Wilson RF. A retrospective study of periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers. Br Dent J 2005; 198: 495-498.
17. Scott DA, Palmer RM, Stapleton JA. Validation of smoking status in clinical research into inflammatory periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2001 ;28: 715-722.
18. Tomar SL, Asma S. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: Findings from NHANES 111. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Periodontol 2000;71:743-751.
19. Grossi SG, Genco RJ, Machtei EE, et al. Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. II. Risk indicators for alveolar bone loss. J Periodontol 1995;66:23-29.
20. Bergstrom J, Eliasson S, Dock J. Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal health. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27:61-68.
21. MacFarlane GD, Herzberg MC, Wolff LF, Hardie NA. Refractory periodontitis associated with abnormal polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis and cigarette smoking. J Periodontol 1992;63:908-913.
22. Johnson GK, Slach NA. Impact of tobacco use on periodontal status. J Dent Educ 2001;65:313-321.
23. Nair P, Sutherland G, Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Scott DA. Gingival bleeding on probing increases after quitting smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30:435-437.
24. Grossi SG, Zambon J, Machtei EE, et al. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on healing after mechanical periodontal therapy. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128:599-607.
25. Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Relationship of cigarette smoking to attachment level profiles. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:283-295.
26. Cortellini P, Paolo G, Prato P, Tonetti MS. Long-term stability of clinical attachment following guided tissue regeneration and conventional therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23:106-111.
27. Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2005;37:124-137.
28. Papantonopoulos GH. Effect of periodontal therapy in smokers and non-smokers with advanced periodontal disease: Results after maintenance therapy for a minimum of 5 years. J Periodontol 2004;75: 839-843.
29. Preber H, Bergstrom J. The effect of non-surgical treatment on periodontal pockets in smokers and non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:319-323.
30. Preber H, Linder L, Bergstrom J. Periodontal healing and periopathogenic microflora in smokers and non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol 1995;22:946-952.
31. Trombelli L, Kim CK, Zimmerman GJ, Wikesjö UM. Retrospective analysis of factors related to clinical outcome of guided tissue regeneration procedures in intrabony defects. J Clin Periodontol 1997;24:366-371.
32. Johnson GK, Guthmiller JM. The impact of cigarette smoking on periodontal disease and treatment. Periodontol 2000 2007;44:178-194.
33. Bergstrom J. Periodontitis and smoking: An evidence-based appraisal. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2006;6: 33-41.
34. Soder B, Nedlich U, Jin LJ. Longitudinal effect of non-surgical treatment and systemic metronidazole for 1 week in smokers and non-smokers with refractory periodontitis: A 5-year study. J Periodontol 1999;70: 761-771.
35. Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. Levels of cigarette consumption and response to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1996;67:675-681.
36. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999;4:1-6.
37. Jarvis MJ, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Feyerabend C, Vesey C, Saloojee Y. Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. Am J Public Health 1987; 77:1435-1438.
38. Irving JM, Clark EC, Crombie IK, Smith WC. Evaluation of a portable measure of expired-air carbon monoxide. Prev Med 1988;17:109-115.
39. Gonzalez YM, De Nardin A, Grossi SG, Machtei EE, Genco RJ, De Nardin E. Serum cotinine levels, smoking, and periodontal attachment loss. J Dent Res 1996;75:796-802.
40. Biddle AJ, Palmer RM, Wilson RF, Watts TL. Comparison of the validity of periodontal probing measurements in smokers and non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:806-812.
41. Preshaw PM, Heasman PA. Periodontal maintenance in a specialist periodontal clinic and in general dental practice. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32:280-286.
42. Heller WD, Scherer G, Sennewald E, Adlkofer F. Misclassification of smoking in a follow-up population study in southern Germany. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51:211 -218.
43. Wagenknecht LE, Burke GL, Perkins LL, Haley NJ, Friedman GD. Misclassification of smoking status in the CARDIA study: A comparison of self-report with serum cotinine levels. Am J Public Health 1992;82:33-36.
44. Wells AJ, English PB, Posner SF, Wagenknecht LE, Perez-Stable EJ. Misclassification rates for current smokers misclassified as nonsmokers. Am J Public Health 1998;88:1503-1509.
45. Scott DA, Singer DL. Suppression of overt gingival inflammation in tobacco smokers - Clinical and mechanistic considerations. Int J Dent Hyg 2004;2:104-110.
46. Ling H, Gadalla S, Israel E, et al. Oral cancer exams among cigarette smokers in Maryland. Cancer Detect Prev 2006;30:499-506.
47. Hinode D, Tanabe S, Yokoyama M, Fujisawa K, Yamauchi E, Miyamoto Y. Influence of smoking on osseointegrated implant failure: A meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006;17:473-478.
48. Duncan HF, Pitt Ford TR. The potential association between smoking and endodontic disease. Int Endod J 2006;39:843-854.
49. Mallampalli A, Guntupalli KK. Smoking and systemic disease. Clin Occup Environ Med 2006;5:173-192.
50. Yanbaeva DG, Dentener MA, Creutzberg EC, Wesseling G, Wouters EF. Systemic effects of smoking. Chest 2007;131:1557-1566.