메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 1-24

Finding fault: Indigenous seismology, colonial science, and the rediscovery of earthquakes and tsunamis in cascadia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 41449106492     PISSN: 01616463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17953/aicr.31.4.3374595624774617     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (131)
  • 1
    • 85036909201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For in-depth coverage of the Nisqually Quake, see seattlepi.nwsource.com/ quake/yearlater.asp (accessed 25 August 2007). The event is also discussed in Robert S. Yeats, Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest: A Survivor's Guide, 2nd ed. (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2004), 47, 49-50.
    • For in-depth coverage of the Nisqually Quake, see seattlepi.nwsource.com/ quake/yearlater.asp (accessed 25 August 2007). The event is also discussed in Robert S. Yeats, Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest: A Survivor's Guide, 2nd ed. (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2004), 47, 49-50.
  • 2
    • 85036952970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude determination is based on measurement and varies somewhat according to which quantity is measured. For details, see, accessed 25 August 2007
    • Magnitude determination is based on measurement and varies somewhat according to which quantity is measured. For details, see http://earthquake. usgs.gov/learning/faq.php (accessed 25 August 2007).
  • 3
    • 85036932057 scopus 로고
    • The Puget Sound Lowland Earthquakes of 1949 and 1965: Reproductions of Selected Articles Describing Damage, comp. Gerald W
    • Olympia: Washington State Department of Natural Resources
    • The Puget Sound Lowland Earthquakes of 1949 and 1965: Reproductions of Selected Articles Describing Damage, comp. Gerald W. Thorsen, Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Information Circular 81 (Olympia: Washington State Department of Natural Resources, 1986).
    • (1986) Thorsen, Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Information Circular , vol.81
  • 4
    • 85036935819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The term resettlement (as opposed to settlement, which implies that the land colonized by Europeans and others was empty) is taken from R. Cole Harris, The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essays on Colonialism and Geographical Change (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997).
    • The term resettlement (as opposed to settlement, which implies that the land colonized by Europeans and others was empty) is taken from R. Cole Harris, The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essays on Colonialism and Geographical Change (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997).
  • 6
    • 0037703110 scopus 로고
    • See, e.g, early editions of, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman
    • See, e.g., early editions of Bruce A. Bolt, Earthquakes: A Primer (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1978).
    • (1978) Earthquakes: A Primer
    • Bolt, B.A.1
  • 8
    • 0004014872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acts of God: The Unnatural History of Natural Disaster in America
    • See, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • See Theodore J. Steinberg, Acts of God: The Unnatural History of Natural Disaster in America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000); Stephen J. Pyne's multi-volume Cycle of Fire series.
    • (2000) Stephen J. Pyne's multi-volume Cycle of Fire series
    • Steinberg, T.J.1
  • 9
    • 85036912188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One of the most articulate explications of this idea remains Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989).
    • One of the most articulate explications of this idea remains Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989).
  • 10
    • 17744365827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Story-source location map from R. S. Ludwin, R. Dennis, D. Carver, A. D. McMillan, R. Losey, J. Clague, C. Jonientz-Trisler, J. Bowechop, J. Wray, and K. James, Dating the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories, Seismological Research Letters 76, no. 2 (2005): 140-48.
    • Story-source location map from R. S. Ludwin, R. Dennis, D. Carver, A. D. McMillan, R. Losey, J. Clague, C. Jonientz-Trisler, J. Bowechop, J. Wray, and K. James, "Dating the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories," Seismological Research Letters 76, no. 2 (2005): 140-48.
  • 11
    • 85036908230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated 1700. rupture from K. Wang, R. E. Wells, S. Mazzotti, H. Dragert, R. D. Hyndman, and T. Sagiya, A Revised 3-D Dislocation Model of Interseismic Deformation for the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Journal of Geophysical Research 108, no. B1 (2003): 2026.
    • Estimated 1700. rupture from K. Wang, R. E. Wells, S. Mazzotti, H. Dragert, R. D. Hyndman, and T. Sagiya, "A Revised 3-D Dislocation Model of Interseismic Deformation for the Cascadia Subduction Zone," Journal of Geophysical Research 108, no. B1 (2003): 2026.
  • 12
    • 33646495548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There is some debate about the exact extent of the CSZ; some of the peoples mentioned here have traditional territories outside its most commonly cited boundaries. Their stories, however, may well reflect experiences with events on the CSZ. Cascadia more broadly conceived is also marked by seismic activity on additional faults such as the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather Slip Zone, a northern fault similar in many respects to the famed San Andreas Fault in California. For information on turbidite evidence, see Alan R. Nelson, Harvey M. Kelsey, and Robert C. Witter, Great Earthquakes of Variable Magnitude at the Cascadia Subduction Zone,Quaternary Research 65, no. 3 2006, 354-65
    • There is some debate about the exact extent of the CSZ; some of the peoples mentioned here have traditional territories outside its most commonly cited boundaries. Their stories, however, may well reflect experiences with events on the CSZ. Cascadia more broadly conceived is also marked by seismic activity on additional faults such as the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather Slip Zone, a northern fault similar in many respects to the famed San Andreas Fault in California. For information on turbidite evidence, see Alan R. Nelson, Harvey M. Kelsey, and Robert C. Witter, " Great Earthquakes of Variable Magnitude at the Cascadia Subduction Zone,"Quaternary Research 65, no. 3 (2006): 354-65.
  • 13
    • 85036928071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Franz Boas, Tsimshian Mythology (Washington, DC: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1916), 883.
    • Franz Boas, Tsimshian Mythology (Washington, DC: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1916), 883.
  • 14
    • 85036925447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the most recent synthesis, see Kenneth M. Ames and Herbert D. G. Maschner, Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory (London: Thames and Hudson, 2000). It should be noted that many indigenous communities in the region believe that they were created in situ.
    • For the most recent synthesis, see Kenneth M. Ames and Herbert D. G. Maschner, Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory (London: Thames and Hudson, 2000). It should be noted that many indigenous communities in the region believe that they were created in situ.
  • 15
    • 85036945947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, accessed 25 August 2007
    • See www.activetectonics.coas.oregonstate.edu/main_pages/turbidites/ turbidites.html (accessed 25 August 2007).
  • 18
    • 0003670760 scopus 로고
    • Between Ports Alberni and Renfew: Notes on West Coast Peoples
    • Canadian Ethnology Service, Ottawa, ON: Canadian Museum of Civilization
    • E. Y. Arima, D. St. Claire, L. Clamhouse, J. Edgar, C. Jones, and C. Thomas, "Between Ports Alberni and Renfew: Notes on West Coast Peoples," Canadian Ethnology Service, Mercury Series Paper 121 (Ottawa, ON: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1991), 231.
    • (1991) Mercury Series Paper , vol.121 , pp. 231
    • Arima, E.Y.1    St. Claire, D.2    Clamhouse, L.3    Edgar, J.4    Jones, C.5    Thomas, C.6
  • 19
    • 0003544263 scopus 로고
    • London: Smith, Elder, Tseshaht and Sheshaht are two Anglicizations of the same Nuu-chah-nulth name
    • G. M. Sproat, Scenes and Studies of Savage Life (London: Smith, Elder, 1868), 124-25. Tseshaht and Sheshaht are two Anglicizations of the same Nuu-chah-nulth name.
    • (1868) Scenes and Studies of Savage Life , pp. 124-125
    • Sproat, G.M.1
  • 20
    • 0009946982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • A. L. Kroeber, Yurok Myths (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976), 463;
    • (1976) Yurok Myths , pp. 463
    • Kroeber, A.L.1
  • 23
    • 85036910292 scopus 로고
    • January, University of Washington. Interestingly, to date, no paleoseismic evidence of subsidence or tsunamis has been discovered at Waatch Prairie
    • James G. Swan, Diary, January 1864, Manuscripts, Special Collections, and University Archives, University of Washington. Interestingly, to date, no paleoseismic evidence of subsidence or tsunamis has been discovered at Waatch Prairie.
    • (1864) Manuscripts, Special Collections, and University Archives
    • James, G.1    Swan, D.2
  • 24
    • 0009894221 scopus 로고
    • Traditions of the Tillamook Indians
    • Franz Boas, "Traditions of the Tillamook Indians,"Journal of American Folklore 11 (1898): 23-38
    • (1898) Journal of American Folklore , vol.11 , pp. 23-38
    • Boas, F.1
  • 25
    • 0009896740 scopus 로고
    • Myths of the Hoh and Quileute Indians
    • and A. B. Reagan, "Myths of the Hoh and Quileute Indians," Utah Academy of Sciences 11 (1934): 17-37.
    • (1934) Utah Academy of Sciences , vol.11 , pp. 17-37
    • Reagan, A.B.1
  • 26
    • 85036914737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pictographic painting, the coat of arms of Shewish, Seshaht Chief. ... The figure at the base ... represents the mammoth whale upon whose back the whole creation rests. Above the whale are seen the head and wings of the giant ... Thunder Bird. Illustration by J. Semeyn, from A. Carmichael, Indian Legends of Vancouver Island (Toronto: The Musson Book Company, 1922), 32.
    • "Pictographic painting, the coat of arms of Shewish, Seshaht Chief. ... The figure at the base ... represents the mammoth whale upon whose back the whole creation rests. Above the whale are seen the head and wings of the giant ... Thunder Bird." Illustration by J. Semeyn, from A. Carmichael, Indian Legends of Vancouver Island (Toronto: The Musson Book Company, 1922), 32.
  • 27
    • 0036005176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the Mountain Dwarfs Danced: Aboriginal Traditions of Paleoseismic Events along the Cascadia Subduction Zone of Western Nordi America
    • For references to many of these stories, see, Winter
    • For references to many of these stories, see Alan D. McMillan and Ian Hutchinson, "When the Mountain Dwarfs Danced: Aboriginal Traditions of Paleoseismic Events along the Cascadia Subduction Zone of Western Nordi America," Ethnohistory 49, no. 1 (Winter 2002), 41-68;
    • (2002) Ethnohistory , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-68
    • McMillan, A.D.1    Hutchinson, I.2
  • 28
    • 85036911160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruth S. Ludwin et al., Dating the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake; R. S. Ludwin, C. P. Thrush, K. James, D. Buerge, C. Jonientz-Trisler, J. Rasmussen, K. Troost, and A. de los Angeles, Serpent Spirit-power Stories along the Seatde Fault, Seismological Research Letters 76, no. 4 (July/August 2005), 426-31.
    • Ruth S. Ludwin et al., "Dating the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake"; R. S. Ludwin, C. P. Thrush, K. James, D. Buerge, C. Jonientz-Trisler, J. Rasmussen, K. Troost, and A. de los Angeles, "Serpent Spirit-power Stories along the Seatde Fault," Seismological Research Letters 76, no. 4 (July/August 2005), 426-31.
  • 29
    • 85036925820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keith Thor Carlson, ed, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press
    • Keith Thor Carlson, ed., Coast Salish-Stó:lō Historical Atlas (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2001), 10-11;
    • (2001) Coast Salish-Stó:lō Historical Atlas , pp. 10-11
  • 30
    • 85036936101 scopus 로고
    • repr. New York: Johnson Reprint
    • Edward S. Curtis, The North American Indian, vol. 9 (1913; repr. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1970), 37-38;
    • (1913) The North American Indian , vol.9 , pp. 37-38
    • Curtis, E.S.1
  • 31
    • 0003791446 scopus 로고
    • Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre
    • Claude Lévi-Strauss, The Way of the Masks (Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 1982), 159.
    • (1982) The Way of the Masks , pp. 159
    • Lévi-Strauss, C.1
  • 32
    • 0009874890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Columbia University Press
    • Franz Boas, Kwakiutl Tales (New York: Columbia University Press, 1910), 27-32;
    • (1910) Kwakiutl Tales , pp. 27-32
    • Boas, F.1
  • 33
    • 85036951190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Franz Boas, Ethnology of the Kwakiutl (Washington, DC: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1921), 951-56.
    • Franz Boas, Ethnology of the Kwakiutl (Washington, DC: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1921), 951-56.
  • 37
    • 0009895467 scopus 로고
    • A Flood Legend of the Nootka Indians of Vancouver Island
    • Edward Sapir, "A Flood Legend of the Nootka Indians of Vancouver Island," Journal of American Folklore 32 (1919): 351-55.
    • (1919) Journal of American Folklore , vol.32 , pp. 351-355
    • Sapir, E.1
  • 38
    • 85036949189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For discussion of reciprocity between Aboriginal societies and their environments in British Columbia, see Nancy M. Turner, The Earth's Blanket: Traditional Teachings for Sustainable Living Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 2005
    • For discussion of reciprocity between Aboriginal societies and their environments in British Columbia, see Nancy M. Turner, The Earth's Blanket: Traditional Teachings for Sustainable Living (Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 2005).
  • 39
    • 85040897209 scopus 로고
    • For an overview of Annales approaches to history and their impact, see, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press
    • For an overview of Annales approaches to history and their impact, see Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-1989 (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990).
    • (1990) The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-1989
    • Burke, P.1
  • 40
    • 85036918933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For one of the most well-known examples, see the 1992 University of California Press reprint of Fernand Braudel's Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Centuries.
    • For one of the most well-known examples, see the 1992 University of California Press reprint of Fernand Braudel's Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Centuries.
  • 41
    • 85036932260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For two examples of North American environmental history that draw on the Annales tradition, one from the first years of the field's modern development and one that has been published recently, see William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983) and Brian Donahue, The Great Meadow: Farmers and the Land in Colonial Concord New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007
    • For two examples of North American environmental history that draw on the Annales tradition - one from the first years of the field's modern development and one that has been published recently - see William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983) and Brian Donahue, The Great Meadow: Farmers and the Land in Colonial Concord (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).
  • 42
    • 23044446457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Did Colonialism Dispossess? Comments from an Edge of Empire
    • Cole Harris, "How Did Colonialism Dispossess? Comments from an Edge of Empire,"Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94, no. 1 (2004): 165-82.
    • (2004) Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-182
    • Harris, C.1
  • 46
    • 0001318360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science for the West, Myth for the Rest?: The Case of James Bay Cree Knowledge Construction
    • ed. Laura Nader New York: Routledge
    • Colin Scott, "Science for the West, Myth for the Rest?: The Case of James Bay Cree Knowledge Construction," in Naked Science: Anthropological Inquiry into Boundaries, Power, and Knowledge, ed. Laura Nader (New York: Routledge, 1996).
    • (1996) Naked Science: Anthropological Inquiry into Boundaries, Power, and Knowledge
    • Scott, C.1
  • 48
    • 0038686542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locality in the History of Science: Colonial Science, Technoscience, and Indigenous Knowledge
    • David Wade Chambers and Richard Gillespie, "Locality in the History of Science: Colonial Science, Technoscience, and Indigenous Knowledge," Osiris 15 (2000): 221-40.
    • (2000) Osiris , vol.15 , pp. 221-240
    • Wade Chambers, D.1    Gillespie, R.2
  • 50
    • 85036952122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kathleen Tobin-Schlesinger, Jefferson to Lewis: The Study of Nature in the West, Journal of the West29, no. 1 (1990): 54-61; cadastral survey field notes and plats for Oregon and Washington (Denver, CO: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1982).
    • Kathleen Tobin-Schlesinger, "Jefferson to Lewis: The Study of Nature in the West," Journal of the West29, no. 1 (1990): 54-61; cadastral survey field notes and plats for Oregon and Washington (Denver, CO: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1982).
  • 51
    • 0003829886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the application of Enlightenment ideals to indigenous territories in the region, see, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press
    • For the application of Enlightenment ideals to indigenous territories in the region, see Daniel W. Clayton, Islands of Truth: The Imperial Fashioning of Vancouver Island (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2000).
    • (2000) Islands of Truth: The Imperial Fashioning of Vancouver Island
    • Clayton, D.W.1
  • 52
    • 84897310838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Colonial World as a Geological Metaphor: Strata(gems) of Empire in Victorian Canada
    • Suzanne Zeller, "The Colonial World as a Geological Metaphor: Strata(gems) of Empire in Victorian Canada," Osiris 15 (2000): 85-107;
    • (2000) Osiris , vol.15 , pp. 85-107
    • Zeller, S.1
  • 53
    • 84893960124 scopus 로고
    • Transacting Science on the Border of Civilization: The Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1856-1881
    • John R. Hensley, " Transacting Science on the Border of Civilization: The Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1856-1881," Gateway Heritage 7, no. 3 (1986-87): 18-25.
    • (1986) Gateway Heritage , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 18-25
    • Hensley, J.R.1
  • 57
  • 58
    • 85036942137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Cultures of Natural History, eds. N. Jardine, J. A. Secord, and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
    • See Cultures of Natural History, eds. N. Jardine, J. A. Secord, and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
  • 59
    • 85036927236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For an exhaustive catalog of European ideas about earthquakes and their causes, see, HEAT at, accessed 25 August 2007
    • For an exhaustive catalog of European ideas about earthquakes and their causes, see Erhard Orser's Historical Earthquake Theories (HEAT) at www.univie.ac.at/Wissenschaftstheorie/heat/heat-l/heat000f.htm (accessed 25 August 2007).
    • Historical Earthquake Theories
    • Orser's, E.1
  • 60
    • 85036917694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition example: Peter Gould, Lisbon 1755: Enlightenment, Catastrophe, and Communication, in Geography and Enlightenment, eds. David N. Livingstone and Charles W.J. Withers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 399-413;
    • Transition example: Peter Gould, "Lisbon 1755: Enlightenment, Catastrophe, and Communication," in Geography and Enlightenment, eds. David N. Livingstone and Charles W.J. Withers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 399-413;
  • 63
    • 0004217175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 34
    • John McPhee, Annals of the Former World (New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1998), 34.
    • (1998) Annals of the Former World
    • McPhee, J.1
  • 64
    • 0003824791 scopus 로고
    • For discussion of the history of plate tectonics theory, see, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • For discussion of the history of plate tectonics theory, see H. W. Menard, The Ocean of Truth: A Personal History of Global Tectonics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986);
    • (1986) The Ocean of Truth: A Personal History of Global Tectonics
    • Menard, H.W.1
  • 66
    • 85036924755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For an account of this process of rediscovery, see, esp
    • For an account of this process of rediscovery, see Yeats, Living with Earthquakes, esp. 3-4.
    • Living with Earthquakes , pp. 3-4
    • Yeats1
  • 67
    • 85036948826 scopus 로고
    • Scientists Fear Big Jolt Can Happen in Oregon
    • See also, 26 February
    • See also Linda Roach Monroe, "Scientists Fear Big Jolt Can Happen in Oregon," The Oregonian, 26 February 1987, E1.
    • (1987) The Oregonian
    • Roach Monroe, L.1
  • 68
    • 0001068015 scopus 로고
    • Seismic Potential Associated with Subduction in the Northwestern United States
    • T. H. Heaton and H. Kanamori, "Seismic Potential Associated with Subduction in the Northwestern United States," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 74, no. 3 (1984): 933-41;
    • (1984) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 933-941
    • Heaton, T.H.1    Kanamori, H.2
  • 71
    • 0029526511 scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon Evidence for Extensive Plate-Boundary Rupture 300. Years Ago at the Cascadia Subduction Zone
    • A. R. Nelson et al., " Radiocarbon Evidence for Extensive Plate-Boundary Rupture 300. Years Ago at the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Nature 378 (1995): 371-74;
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 371-374
    • Nelson, A.R.1
  • 72
    • 1642406268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fault Slip and Seismic Moment of the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake Inferred from Japanese Tsunami Descriptions
    • K. Satake, K. Wang, and B. F. Atwater, "Fault Slip and Seismic Moment of the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake Inferred from Japanese Tsunami Descriptions," Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (2003): 2325;
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.108 , pp. 2325
    • Satake, K.1    Wang, K.2    Atwater, B.F.3
  • 74
    • 0345040377 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary Reconnaissance Survey of Cascadia Paleotsunami Deposits in Yaquina Bay, Oregon
    • C. D. Peterson and G. R. Priest, "Preliminary Reconnaissance Survey of Cascadia Paleotsunami Deposits in Yaquina Bay, Oregon," Oregon Geology 57, no. 2 (1995): 33-40;
    • (1995) Oregon Geology , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 33-40
    • Peterson, C.D.1    Priest, G.R.2
  • 76
    • 0022145295 scopus 로고
    • Possible Tsunami along the Northwestern Coast of the United States Inferred from Indian Traditions
    • T. H. Heaton and P. D. Snavely, "Possible Tsunami along the Northwestern Coast of the United States Inferred from Indian Traditions," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75, no. 5 (1985): 1455-60;
    • (1985) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 1455-1460
    • Heaton, T.H.1    Snavely, P.D.2
  • 77
    • 0009919823 scopus 로고
    • Early Historical and Ethnological Accounts of Large Earthquakes and Tsunamis on Western Vancouver Island, British Columbia
    • John J. Clague, "Early Historical and Ethnological Accounts of Large Earthquakes and Tsunamis on Western Vancouver Island, British Columbia," Current Research 1995-A (1995): 47-50.
    • (1995) Current Research , vol.1995-A , pp. 47-50
    • Clague, J.J.1
  • 78
    • 0031425619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological Evidence for Village Abandonment Associated with Late Holocene Earthquakes at the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone
    • Ian Hutchinson and Alan D. McMillan, "Archaeological Evidence for Village Abandonment Associated with Late Holocene Earthquakes at the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone," Quaternary Research 48 (1997): 79-87;
    • (1997) Quaternary Research , vol.48 , pp. 79-87
    • Hutchinson, I.1    McMillan, A.D.2
  • 82
    • 85036949835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charles Hill-Tout, Report on the Ethnology of the Southeastern Tribes of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in Maud, The Salish People, 157;
    • Charles Hill-Tout, "Report on the Ethnology of the Southeastern Tribes of Vancouver Island, British Columbia," in Maud, The Salish People, 157;
  • 84
    • 41449105083 scopus 로고
    • Toronto: University of Toronto Press
    • T. F. McIlwraith, The Bella Coola Indians (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1948), 2: 504;
    • (1948) The Bella Coola Indians , vol.2 , pp. 504
    • McIlwraith, T.F.1
  • 85
    • 0009949393 scopus 로고
    • ed, Victoria: British Columbia Indian Advisory Committee, 59;
    • Susanne Storie, ed., Oweekano Stories (Victoria: British Columbia Indian Advisory Committee, 1973), 59;
    • (1973) Oweekano Stories
  • 89
    • 0345197449 scopus 로고
    • Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Dorothy Vitaliano, Legends of the Earth (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973);
    • (1973) Legends of the Earth
    • Vitaliano, D.1
  • 90
    • 84879889155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active Faulting at Delphi: Seismotectonic Remarks and a Hypothesis for the Geological Environment of a Myth
    • Luigi Piccardi, "Active Faulting at Delphi: Seismotectonic Remarks and a Hypothesis for the Geological Environment of a Myth," Geology 28 (2000): 651-54;
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 651-654
    • Piccardi, L.1
  • 93
    • 0031425619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological Evidence for Village Abandonment Associated with Late Holocene Earthquakes at the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone
    • Ian Hutchinson and Alan D. McMillan, "Archaeological Evidence for Village Abandonment Associated with Late Holocene Earthquakes at the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone," Quarternary Research 48 (1997): 79-87.
    • (1997) Quarternary Research , vol.48 , pp. 79-87
    • Hutchinson, I.1    McMillan, A.D.2
  • 94
    • 85036910096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swan, Diary, 57;
    • Swan, Diary, 57;
  • 95
    • 0009923448 scopus 로고
    • Traditions of the 'Deluge' among the Tribes of the North West
    • Myron Eells, "Traditions of the 'Deluge' among the Tribes of the North West," American Antiquarian 1, no. 2 (1878): 70;
    • (1878) American Antiquarian , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 70
    • Eells, M.1
  • 97
    • 85036942531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brackets by story numbers group stories from a common geographic locale; symbols are as in figure 1. The Whale motif is enclosed in quotation marks to cover a variety of sea monsters that appear in the stories. Date range estimates used the following assumptions: a generation is no fewer than fifteen and no more than forty years; events before age five are not remembered; the maximum life span is one hundred years; flood survivors were old when interviewed; and an old person is at least forty. From R. S. Ludwin et al., Dating the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake.
    • Brackets by story numbers group stories from a common geographic locale; symbols are as in figure 1. The "Whale" motif is enclosed in quotation marks to cover a variety of sea monsters that appear in the stories. Date range estimates used the following assumptions: a "generation" is no fewer than fifteen and no more than forty years; events before age five are not remembered; the maximum life span is one hundred years; flood survivors were "old" when interviewed; and an "old" person is at least forty. From R. S. Ludwin et al., "Dating the 1700. Cascadia Earthquake."
  • 98
    • 85036943007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple news outlets reported on the mysterious "primitive sixth sense" that told Andamanese and other tribespeople living on islands in the Indian Ocean to move away from the coasts before the tsunami's arrival. E.g., see "Knowledge of Natural World Saved Primitive Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands from Tsunami,"
    • New Delhi, 5 January
    • Multiple news outlets reported on the mysterious "primitive sixth sense" that told Andamanese and other tribespeople living on islands in the Indian Ocean to move away from the coasts before the tsunami's arrival. E.g., see "Knowledge of Natural World Saved Primitive Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands from Tsunami," The Hindu (New Delhi), 5 January 2005.
    • (2005) The Hindu
  • 99
    • 85036947469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information on the US Geological Survey's press conference comparing geological structures in Indonesia and Cascadia can be found at, accessed 25 August
    • Information on the US Geological Survey's press conference comparing geological structures in Indonesia and Cascadia can be found at soundwaves.usgs.gov/2005/03/outreach.html (accessed 25 August 2007).
    • (2007)
  • 100
    • 85036947656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cautionary Tales of a Catastrophe
    • For examples, see, 25 July, accessed 30 July 2007
    • For examples, see Richard L. Hill, "Cautionary Tales of a Catastrophe," Oregonian, 25 July 2007, http://www.oregonlive.com/ oregonian/stories/index.ssf?/ base/science/118531952745660.xml&coll=7 (accessed 30 July 2007);
    • (2007) Oregonian
    • Hill, R.L.1
  • 101
    • 33750301497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Findings Super-Size Our Tsunami Threat
    • 7 February 2005, accessed 9 February 2005
    • Tom Paulson, "New Findings Super-Size Our Tsunami Threat," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 7 February 2005, http://seattlepi.nwsource. com/local/211012_tsunamiscience07.html (accessed 9 February 2005);
    • Seattle Post-Intelligencer
    • Paulson, T.1
  • 102
    • 85036922463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsunami Would Be Disaster to Seattle
    • 8 February 2005, accessed 9 February 2005
    • Larry Lange, "Tsunami Would Be Disaster to Seattle," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 8 February 2005, http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/ 211158_tsuna miseattle08.html (accessed 9 February 2005).
    • Seattle Post-Intelligencer
    • Lange, L.1
  • 103
    • 85036936428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nancy J. Turner, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, in The Rain Forests of Home, eds. Peter K. Schoonmaker, Bettina von Hagen, and Edward C. Wolf (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1997), 275-98.
    • Nancy J. Turner, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge," in The Rain Forests of Home, eds. Peter K. Schoonmaker, Bettina von Hagen, and Edward C. Wolf (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1997), 275-98.
  • 108
    • 3042800796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Michael F. Brown, Who Owns Native Culture? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 205-8.
    • (2003) Who Owns Native Culture , pp. 205-208
    • Brown, M.F.1
  • 109
    • 0003985875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For discussion of the violence done to indigenous knowledge in nonindigenous contexts, see Roy Ellen, Peter Parkes, and Alan Bicker, eds, London: Roudedge
    • For discussion of the "violence" done to indigenous knowledge in nonindigenous contexts, see Roy Ellen, Peter Parkes, and Alan Bicker, eds., Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and Its Transformations: Critical Anthropological Perspectives (London: Roudedge, 2000).
    • (2000) Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and Its Transformations: Critical Anthropological Perspectives
  • 116
    • 33645172716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridum): An Ethnobotanical Review
    • See
    • See Trevor C. Lantz, Kristina Swerhun, and Nancy J. Turner, "Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridum): An Ethnobotanical Review," Herbalgram 62 (2004): 33-48.
    • (2004) Herbalgram , vol.62 , pp. 33-48
    • Lantz, T.C.1    Swerhun, K.2    Turner, N.J.3
  • 117
    • 85036907745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copyrighting Culture: Tulalips Assert Rights to Stories
    • 15 April 2007, accessed 25 August 2007
    • Krista J. Kapralos, "Copyrighting Culture: Tulalips Assert Rights to Stories," Everett Herald, 15 April 2007, http://www.heraldnet.com/ article/20070415/ NEWS01/704150722/-1/extras01 (accessed 25 August 2007).
    • Everett Herald
    • Kapralos, K.J.1
  • 118
    • 85036927299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coastal Island Band Considers Move to Avoid Future Tsunami
    • 26 January
    • Susan Lazaruk, "Coastal Island Band Considers Move to Avoid Future Tsunami," The Province, 26 January 2005, A9;
    • (2005) The Province
    • Lazaruk, S.1
  • 119
    • 85036935204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B.C. Natives Fear Tsunami, Seek to Move
    • 26 January
    • Mark Hume, "B.C. Natives Fear Tsunami, Seek to Move," Toronto Globe and Mail, 26 January 2005, A1, A7.
    • (2005) Toronto Globe and Mail , vol.A1
    • Hume, M.1
  • 120
    • 85036916756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quileutes Block Beach Access in Push for More Tribal Land
    • See, 24 November, accessed 25 August 2007
    • See Rachel La Corte, "Quileutes Block Beach Access in Push for More Tribal Land," Seattle Times, 24 November 2006, http://seatdetimes. nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003445301_dispute24m.html?syndication=rss (accessed 25 August 2007).
    • (2006) Seattle Times
    • Corte, R.L.1
  • 121
    • 85036919474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Yeats, Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, John E. Armstrong, Vancouver Geology, eds. Charlie Roots and Chris Staargaard (Vancouver, BC: Geological Association of Canada, Cordilleran Section, 1990);
    • See Yeats, Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, John E. Armstrong, Vancouver Geology, eds. Charlie Roots and Chris Staargaard (Vancouver, BC: Geological Association of Canada, Cordilleran Section, 1990);
  • 123
    • 85036931302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, e.g., the official reports on CSZ and Seattle Fault scenarios published at www.pnsn.org/NEWS/PRESS_RELEASES/SCENARIOS.html (accessed 25 August 2007).
    • See, e.g., the official reports on CSZ and Seattle Fault scenarios published at www.pnsn.org/NEWS/PRESS_RELEASES/SCENARIOS.html (accessed 25 August 2007).
  • 125
    • 41449086365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talks to Focus on State's Tsunami Readiness,
    • 9 February
    • Sandi Doughton, "Talks to Focus on State's Tsunami Readiness," Seattle Times, 9 February 2005;
    • (2005) Seattle Times
    • Doughton, S.1
  • 127
    • 41449104422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics Could Sink Revamped Tsunami Warning System,
    • 7 February
    • Charles Pope, "Politics Could Sink Revamped Tsunami Warning System," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 7 February 2005.
    • (2005) Seattle Post-Intelligencer
    • Pope, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.