Body size, growth, and reproduction in a population of Western Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas

Copeia

Volumn , Issue 1, 2008, Pages 105-114

  Hill III, Jacques G ^a,b   Beaupre, Steven J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

^b FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BODY SIZE; GROWTH; HABITAT; LIFE HISTORY; LITTER SIZE; REPRODUCTION; SNAKE;

ARKANSAS; NORTH AMERICA; OZARK MOUNTAINS; UNITED STATES;

AGKISTRODON; AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS; AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS LEUCOSTOMA; SERPENTES;

EID: 41449088883     PISSN: 00458511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1643/CH-06-125     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Aldridge, R. D., and W. S. Brown. 1995. Male reproductive cycle, age at maturity, and cost of reproduction in the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Journal of Herpetology 29:399-407.
2. Aldridge, R. D., and D. Duvall. 2002. Evolution of the mating season in the pitvipers of North America. Herpetological Monographs 16:1-25.
3. Allen, E. R., and D. Swindell. 1948. Cottonmouth moccasin of Florida. Herpetologica 4(1st Supplement):1-16.
4. Barbour, R. W. 1956. A study of the Cottonmouth, Ancistrodon piscivorus leucostoma Troost, in Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 17:33-41.
5. Beaupre, S. J. 1995. Effects of geographically variable thermal environment on bioenergetics of mottled rock rattlesnakes. Ecology 76:1655-1665.
6. Beaupre, S. J. 2002. Modelling time-energy allocation in vipers: individual responses to environmental variation and implications for populations, p. 463-480. In: Biology of the Vipers. G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, and H. W. Greene (eds.). Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah.
7. Beaupre, S. J., and D. Duvall. 1998. Integrative biology of rattlesnakes: contributions to biology and evolution. BioScience 48:531-538.
8. Beaupre, S. J., D. Duvall, and J. O'Leile. 1998. Ontogenic variation in growth and sexual size dimorphism in a central Arizona population of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Copeia 1998:40-47.
9. Beyer, G. E. 1898. Contributions on the life histories of certain snakes. American Naturalist 32:17-24.
10. Blem, C. R. 1981. Reproduction of the Eastern Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Serpentes: Viperidae) at the northern edge of its range. Brimleyana 5:117-128.
11. Blem, C. R., and L. B. Blem. 1995. The Eastern Cottonmouth at the northern edge of its range. Journal of Herpetology 29:391-398.
12. Boback, S. M., and C. G. Guyer. 2003. Empirical evidence for optimal body size in snakes. Evolution 57:345-351.
13. Bonnet, X., O. Lourdais, R. Shine, and G. Naulleau. 2002. Reproduction in a typical capital breeder: costs, currencies, and complications in the aspic viper. Ecology 83:2124-2135.
14. Bonnet, X., G. Naulleau, R. Shine, and O. Lourdais. 2001. Short term versus long term effects of food intake on reproductive output in a viviparous snake, Vipera aspis. Oikos 92:297-308.
15. Bonnet, X., R. Shine, O. Lourdais, and G. Nalleau. 2003. Measures of reproductive allometry are sensitive to sampling bias. Functional Ecology 17:39-49.
16. Brito, J. C., and R. Rebelo. 2003. Differential growth and mortality affect sexual size dimorphism in Vipera latastei. Copeia 2003:865-871.
17. Bronikowski, A. M. 2001. Experimental evidence for the adaptive evolution of growth rate in the garter snake Thamnophis elegans. Copeia 2001:1760-1767.
18. Brown, A. V., and W. J. Matthews. 1995. Stream ecosystems of the central United States, p. 89-116. In: Ecosystems of the World 22 River and Stream Ecosystems. C. E. Cushing, K. W. Cummings, and G. W. Minshall (eds.). Elsevier, New York.
19. Burkett, R. D. 1966. Natural history of Cottonmouth moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus (Reptilia). University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 17:435-491.
20. Camper, J. D., and J. R. Dixon. 1986. Evaluation of a microchip marking system for amphibians and reptiles. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
21. Diller, L. V., and R. L. Wallace. 2002. Growth, reproduction, and survival in a population of Crotalus viridis oreganus in north central Idaho. Herpetological Monographs 16:26-45.
22. Dunham, A. E., B. W. Grant, and K. L. Overall. 1989. Interfaces between biophysical ecology and the population ecology of terrestrial vertebrate ectotherms. Physiological Zoology 62:335-355.
23. Fitch, H. S. 1985. Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 76:1-76.
24. Ford, N. B. 2002. Ecology of the Western Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) in northeastern Texas, p. 167-177. In: Biology of the Vipers. G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, and H. W. Greene (eds.). Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah.
25. Ford, N. B., F. Brischoux, and D. Lancaster. 2004. Reproduction in the Western Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma, in a floodplain forest. The Southwestern Naturalist 49:465-471.
26. Ford, N. B., and R. A. Seigel. 1989. Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits: evidence from a viviparous snake. Ecology 70:1768-1774.
27. Forsman, A. 1991. Variation in sexual size dimorphism and maximum body size among adder populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:253-267.
28. Gibbons, J. W. 1972. Reproduction, growth and sexual size dimorphism in canebrake rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus atricaudatus). Copeia 1972:222-226.
29. Gibbons, J. W., and J. E. Lovich. 1990. Sexual dimorphism in turtles with emphasis on the slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). Herpetological Monographs 4:1-29.
30. Gibbons, J. W., R. D. Semlitsch, J. L. Greene, and J. P. Schubauer. 1981. Variation in age and size at maturity of the slider turtle (Pseudomys scripta). American Naturalist 17:841-845.
31. Gloyd, H. K., and R. Conant. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review. Contributions to Herpetology, No. 6. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Danbury, Connecticut.
32. Grant, B. W., and A. E. Dunham. 1990. Elevational covariation in environmental constraints and life histories of the desert lizard, Sceloporus merriami. Ecology 71:1765-1766.
33. Gutberlet, R. L., and M. B. Harvey. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of New World pitvipers as inferred from anatomical evidence, p. 51-68. In: Biology of the Vipers. G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, and H. W. Greene (eds.). Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah.
34. Hill, J. G. 2004. Natural history of the Western Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) from an upland lotie population in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas. Unpubl. Ph.D. diss., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.
35. Johnson, L. F., J. S. Jacob, and P. Torrence. 1982. Annual testicular and androgenic cycles of the Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) in Alabama. Herpetologica 38: 16-25.
36. Keenlyne, K. D. 1972. Sexual differences in feeding habits of Crotalus horridus horridus. Journal of Herpetology 6: 234-237.
37. Kofron, C. P. 1979. Reproduction of aquatic snakes in south-central Louisiana. Herpetologica 35:44-50.
38. Lillywhite, H. B., P. de Delva, and B. P. Noonan. 2002. Patterns of gut passage time and the chronic retention of fecal mass in the viperid snakes, p. 497-506. In: Biology of the Vipers. G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, and H. W. Greene (eds.). Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah.
39. Macartney, J. M., and P. T. Gregory. 1988. Reproductive biology of female rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in British Columbia. Copeia 1988:47-57.
40. Madsen, T., and R. Shine. 2001. Conflicting conclusion drawn from long-term versus short term studies on growth and reproduction of a tropical snake. Herpetologica 57:147-156.
41. Martin, D. L. 1984. An instance of sexual defense in the Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus. Copeia 1984:772-774.
42. Palmer, W. M., and A. L. Braswell. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
43. Parker, W. S., and M. V. Plummer. 1987. Population ecology, p. 253-301. In: Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. R. A. Seigel, J. T. Collins, and S. S. Novak (eds.). Macmillan, New York.
44. Parkinson, C. L., J. A. Campbell, and P. T. Chippindale. 2002. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of pitvipers, with comments on their biogeography, p. 93-110. In: Biology of the Vipers. G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, and H. W. Greene (eds.). Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah.
45. Pearson, D., R. Shine, and A. Williams. 2002. Geographic variation in sexual size dimorphism within a single snake species (Morelia spilota, Pythonidae). Oecologia 131:418-426.
46. Perry, J. 1978. An observation of "dance" behavior in Western Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma, (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae). Journal of Herpetology 12:429-431.
47. Quinn, H., and J. P. Jones. 1974. A squeeze-box technique for measuring snakes. Herpetological Review 5:35.
48. Ramsey, L. W. 1948. Combat dance and range extension of Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma. Herpetologica 4:228.
49. Reinert, H. K., D. Cundall, and L. M. Bushar. 1984. Foraging behavior of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Copeia 1984:976-981.
50. Schuett, G. W. 1992. Is long-term sperm storage an important component of the reproductive biology of temperate pitvipers?, p. 169-184. In: Biology of the Pitvipers. J. A. Campbell and E. D. Brodie, Jr. (eds.). Selva, Tyler, Texas.
51. Schwaner, T. D., and S. D. Sarre. 1985. Population structure of black tiger snakes, Notechis ater niger, on offshore islands of South Australia, p. 35-46. In: The Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. G. Grigg, R. Shine, and H. Ehmann (eds.). Surrey Beaty & Sons, Sydney, Australia.
52. Schwaner, T. D., and S. D. Sarre. 1990. Body size and sexual size dimorphism in mainland and island tiger snakes. Journal of Herpetolology 24:320-322.
53. Scott, D. E., R. U. Fischer, J. D. Congdon, and S. A. Busa. 1995. Whole body lipid dynamics and reproduction in the Eastern Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus. Herpetologica 51:472-487.
54. Seigel, R. A., and N. B. Ford. 1987. Reproductive ecology, p. 210-252. In: Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. R. A. Seigel, J. T. Collins, and S. S. Novak (eds.). Macmillan, New York.
55. Shine, R. 1978. Sexual dimorphism and male combat in snakes. Oecologia 33:269-278.
56. Shine, R. 1987. Ecological comparisons of island and mainland populations of the Australian tigersnakes (Notechis: Elapidae). Herpetologica 43:233-240.
57. Shine, R. 1993. Sexual dimorphism in snakes, p. 49-86. In: Snakes: Ecology and Behavior. R. A. Seigel and J. T. Collins (eds.). McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
58. Shine, R. 1994. Sexual dimorphism in snakes revisited. Copeia 1994:326-346.
59. Shine, R. 2003. Reproductive strategies in snakes. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B 270:995-1004.
60. Sinervo, B., and S. C. Adolph. 1994. Thermal sensitivity of growth rate in hatchling Sceloporus lizards: environmental, behavioral, and genetic aspects. Oecologia 78:411-419.
61. Stearns, S. C. 1980. A new view of life history evolution. Oikos 35:266-281.
62. Stearns, S. C. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, U.K.
63. Toft, C. A. 1985. Resource partitioning in reptiles and amphibians. Copeia 1985:1-21.
64. Vitt, L. J. 1987. Communities, p. 335-365. In: Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. R. A. Seigel, J. T. Collins, and S. S. Novak (eds.). Macmillan, New York.
65. Wharton, C. H. 1966. Reproduction and growth in the Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus Lacépède, of Cedar Keys, Florida. Copeia 1966:149-161.
66. Wharton, C. H. 1969. The cottonmouth moccasin on Sea Horse Key, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 14:227-272.
67. Wills, C. A., and S. J. Beaupre. 2000. An application of randomization for detecting evidence of thermoregulation in timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) from northwest Arkansas. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73:325-334.
68. Zaidan, F. 2001. Western Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) sexual dimorphism and dichromatism in northwestern Arkansas. Herpetological Natural History 8:79-82.
69. Zaidan, F., D. L. Kreider, and S. J. Beaupre. 2003. Testosterone cycles and reproductive energetics: implications for northern range limits of the Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma). Copeia 2003:231-240.