메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 91-101

Habitat associations and occupancy patterns of burnet moths (Zygaenidae) in semi-natural pastures in Sweden

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADSCITA STATICES; LEPIDOPTERA; PAPILIONOIDEA; SANGUISORBA; SPHYRNA; ZYGAENA FILIPENDULAE; ZYGAENA LONICERAE; ZYGAENA OSTERODENSIS; ZYGAENA VICIAE; ZYGAENIDAE;

EID: 4143114599     PISSN: 07858760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.33338/ef.84212     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (70)
  • 4
    • 0034040146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of succession on extensively grazed grasslands for central European butterfly communities: Rethinking conservation practices
    • Balmer, O. & Erhardt, A. 2000: Consequences of succession on extensively grazed grasslands for central European butterfly communities: rethinking conservation practices. -Conservation Biology 14: 746-757.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 746-757
    • Balmer, O.1    Erhardt, A.2
  • 5
    • 4143153432 scopus 로고
    • The new forest burnet moth Zygaena viciae (Denis and Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in Scotland in 1990
    • Barbour, D. A. & Waring, P. 1991: The new forest burnet moth Zygaena viciae (Denis and Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in Scotland in 1990. - Entomologist's Gazette 42: 231-238.
    • (1991) Entomologist's Gazette , vol.42 , pp. 231-238
    • Barbour, D.A.1    Waring, P.2
  • 7
    • 0001011081 scopus 로고
    • Turnover rates in insular biogeography: Effect of immigration on extinction
    • Brown, J. H. & Kodric-Brown, A. 1977: Turnover rates in insular biogeography: effect of immigration on extinction. - Ecology 58: 445-449.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 445-449
    • Brown, J.H.1    Kodric-Brown, A.2
  • 9
    • 0031000413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the population ecology of Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)
    • Crispin, M. J. & Warrington, S. 1997: Aspects of the population ecology of Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). - Entomologist's Gazette 48: 97-105.
    • (1997) Entomologist's Gazette , vol.48 , pp. 97-105
    • Crispin, M.J.1    Warrington, S.2
  • 11
    • 0031956478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of the best correlates for local organismal biodiversity in cultivated areas
    • Duelli, P. & Obrist, M. K. 1998: In search of the best correlates for local organismal biodiversity in cultivated areas. - Biodiv. Conserv. 7: 297-309.
    • (1998) Biodiv. Conserv. , vol.7 , pp. 297-309
    • Duelli, P.1    Obrist, M.K.2
  • 12
    • 0031284508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach
    • Dufrêne, M. & Legendre, P. 1997: Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. - Ecol. Monogr. 67: 345-366.
    • (1997) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.67 , pp. 345-366
    • Dufrêne, M.1    Legendre, P.2
  • 14
    • 0002241457 scopus 로고
    • Lepidoptera as indicators of change in the semi-natural grasslands of lowland and upland europe
    • Collins, N. M. & Thomas, J. A. (eds.), Academic Press, London
    • Erhardt, A. & Thomas, J. A. 1991: Lepidoptera as indicators of change in the semi-natural grasslands of lowland and upland europe. - In: Collins, N. M. & Thomas, J. A. (eds.), The conservation of insects and their habitats: 213-236. Academic Press, London.
    • (1991) The Conservation of Insects and Their Habitats , pp. 213-236
    • Erhardt, A.1    Thomas, J.A.2
  • 15
    • 0030460213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental diversity: On the best-possible use of surrogate data for assessing the relative biodiversity of sets of areas
    • Faith, D. P. & Walker, P. A. 1996: Environmental diversity: On the best-possible use of surrogate data for assessing the relative biodiversity of sets of areas. - Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 399-415.
    • (1996) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.5 , pp. 399-415
    • Faith, D.P.1    Walker, P.A.2
  • 16
    • 4143098718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence patterns of butterflies (Rhopalocera) in semi-natural pastures in southeastern Sweden
    • in press
    • Franzén, M. & Ranius, T. 2004: Occurrence patterns of butterflies (Rhopalocera) in semi-natural pastures in southeastern Sweden. - Journal for Nature Conservation (in press).
    • (2004) Journal for Nature Conservation
    • Franzén, M.1    Ranius, T.2
  • 18
    • 0027487733 scopus 로고
    • The Influence of shade on butterflies in rides of coniferized lowland woods in southern England and implications for conservation management
    • Greatorex-Davies, J. N., Sparks, T. H., Hall, M. L. & Marrs, R. H. 1993: The Influence of shade on butterflies in rides of coniferized lowland woods in southern England and implications for conservation management. - Biological Conservation 63: 31-41.
    • (1993) Biological Conservation , vol.63 , pp. 31-41
    • Greatorex-Davies, J.N.1    Sparks, T.H.2    Hall, M.L.3    Marrs, R.H.4
  • 19
  • 21
    • 0028174966 scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation dynamics and conservation - A spatially explicit model applied to butterflies
    • Hanski, I. & Thomas, C. D. 1994: Metapopulation dynamics and conservation - a spatially explicit model applied to butterflies. - Biological Conservation 68: 167-180.
    • (1994) Biological Conservation , vol.68 , pp. 167-180
    • Hanski, I.1    Thomas, C.D.2
  • 22
    • 0033178306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias, precision, and accuracy of four measures of species richness
    • Hellmann, J. J. & Fowler, G. W. 1999: Bias, precision, and accuracy of four measures of species richness. - Ecological Applications 9: 824-834.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 824-834
    • Hellmann, J.J.1    Fowler, G.W.2
  • 26
    • 0034511202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicator taxa, rapid biodiversity assessment, and nestedness in an endangered ecosystem
    • Kerr, J. T., Sugar, A. & Packer, E. 2000: Indicator taxa, rapid biodiversity assessment, and nestedness in an endangered ecosystem. - Conservation Biology 14: 1726-1734.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 1726-1734
    • Kerr, J.T.1    Sugar, A.2    Packer, E.3
  • 27
    • 0030389899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat heterogeneity and survival in a bush cricket metapopulation
    • Kindvall, O. 1996: Habitat heterogeneity and survival in a bush cricket metapopulation. - Ecology 77: 207-214.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 207-214
    • Kindvall, O.1
  • 28
    • 4143131676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersionsdynamik von Widderchen zwischen verinselten Kalkmagerrasen in Sueddeutschland unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung von Naturschutzaspekten
    • In German
    • Kreusel, B. 1999: Dispersionsdynamik von Widderchen zwischen verinselten Kalkmagerrasen in Sueddeutschland unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung von Naturschutzaspekten. - Natur und Landschaft 74: 255-265. [In German.]
    • (1999) Natur und Landschaft , vol.74 , pp. 255-265
    • Kreusel, B.1
  • 29
    • 0036335651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting responses of plant and insect diversity to variation in grazing intensity
    • Kruess, A. & Tscharntke, T. 2002: Contrasting responses of plant and insect diversity to variation in grazing intensity. - Biological Conservation 106: 293-302.
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.106 , pp. 293-302
    • Kruess, A.1    Tscharntke, T.2
  • 30
    • 4143078751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and conservation of burnets (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) in Slovakia
    • Kulfan, M. & Kulfan, M. 1996: Distribution and conservation of burnets (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) in Slovakia. - Folia Faunistica Slovaca 14: 59-68.
    • (1996) Folia Faunistica Slovaca , vol.14 , pp. 59-68
    • Kulfan, M.1    Kulfan, M.2
  • 31
    • 0030752536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal species: A multi-species umbrella for nature conservation
    • Lambeck, R. J. 1997: Focal species: A multi-species umbrella for nature conservation. - Conservation Biology 11: 849-856.
    • (1997) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , pp. 849-856
    • Lambeck, R.J.1
  • 32
    • 0041401743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological dynamics of extinct species in empty habitat networks. 1. The role of habitat pattern and quantity, stochasticity and dispersal
    • León-Cortés, J. L., Lennon, J. J. & Thomas, C. D. 2003a: Ecological dynamics of extinct species in empty habitat networks. 1. The role of habitat pattern and quantity, stochasticity and dispersal. - Oikos 102: 449-464.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 449-464
    • León-Cortés, J.L.1    Lennon, J.J.2    Thomas, C.D.3
  • 33
    • 0042733149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological dynamics of extinct species in empty habitat networks. 2. The role of host plant dynamics
    • León-Cortés, J. L., Lennon, J. J. & Thomas, C. D. 2003b: Ecological dynamics of extinct species in empty habitat networks. 2. The role of host plant dynamics. - Oikos 102: 465-477.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 465-477
    • León-Cortés, J.L.1    Lennon, J.J.2    Thomas, C.D.3
  • 34
    • 0011064702 scopus 로고
    • Fjärilar som presumtiva pollinatörer av salepsrot, Anacamptis pyramidalis
    • In Swedish
    • Lind, H. & Lindeborg, M. 1989: Fjärilar som presumtiva pollinatörer av salepsrot, Anacamptis pyramidalis. - Entomologisk Tidskrift 110: 156-160. [In Swedish.]
    • (1989) Entomologisk Tidskrift , vol.110 , pp. 156-160
    • Lind, H.1    Lindeborg, M.2
  • 35
    • 4143129400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapport 4819. - Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm. In Swedish
    • Lindahl, C. 1997: Ängs- och hagmarker i Sverige. Rapport 4819. - Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm. 144 pp. [In Swedish.]
    • (1997) Ängs- Och Hagmarker I Sverige
    • Lindahl, C.1
  • 36
    • 4143048656 scopus 로고
    • Länsstyrelsen i Östergötlands län, Linköping. In Swedish
    • Måreby, S. 1991: Ängs- och hagmarker i Östergötland. - Länsstyrelsen i Östergötlands län, Linköping. 55 pp. [In Swedish.]
    • (1991) Ängs- Och Hagmarker I Östergötland
    • Måreby, S.1
  • 37
    • 0031947546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selection, testing and application of terrestrial insects as bioindicators
    • McGeoch, M. A. 1998: The selection, testing and application of terrestrial insects as bioindicators. - Biological Reviews 73: 181-201.
    • (1998) Biological Reviews , vol.73 , pp. 181-201
    • McGeoch, M.A.1
  • 38
    • 0036094344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration and Allee effects in the six-spot burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae
    • Menéndez, R., Gutiérrez, D. & Thomas, C. D. 2002: Migration and Allee effects in the six-spot burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae. - Ecological Entomology 27: 317-325.
    • (2002) Ecological Entomology , vol.27 , pp. 317-325
    • Menéndez, R.1    Gutiérrez, D.2    Thomas, C.D.3
  • 39
    • 0004848193 scopus 로고
    • Vanishing and declining species of Finnish Lepidoptera
    • Mikkola, K. 1979: Vanishing and declining species of Finnish Lepidoptera. - Notulae Entomologiae 59: 1-9.
    • (1979) Notulae Entomologiae , vol.59 , pp. 1-9
    • Mikkola, K.1
  • 40
    • 0040673957 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the Finnish Lepidopteran fauna since 1950 in relation to environmental changes
    • Mikkola, K. 1987: Changes in the Finnish Lepidopteran fauna since 1950 in relation to environmental changes. - Entomologiska Meddelser. 55: 107-114.
    • (1987) Entomologiska Meddelser. , vol.55 , pp. 107-114
    • Mikkola, K.1
  • 42
    • 0039364540 scopus 로고
    • On the role of Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in pollination of Anacamptis pyramidalis (Orchidaceae)
    • In Russian
    • Nazarov, V. V. 1993: On the role of Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in pollination of Anacamptis pyramidalis (Orchidaceae). - Zool. Zh. 72: 54-67. [In Russian.]
    • (1993) Zool. Zh. , vol.72 , pp. 54-67
    • Nazarov, V.V.1
  • 43
    • 4143067550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • En metod for kvantitativa inventeringar av dagfjärilar och bastardsvärmare på landskapsnivå
    • In Swedish
    • Nilsson, S. G. 2002: En metod for kvantitativa inventeringar av dagfjärilar och bastardsvärmare på landskapsnivå. - Entomologisk Tidskrift 123: 193-201. [In Swedish.]
    • (2002) Entomologisk Tidskrift , vol.123 , pp. 193-201
    • Nilsson, S.G.1
  • 44
    • 0029667682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate morphospecies as surrogates for species: A case study
    • Oliver, I. & Beattie, A. J. 1996: Invertebrate morphospecies as surrogates for species: A case study. - Conservation Biology 10: 99-109.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 99-109
    • Oliver, I.1    Beattie, A.J.2
  • 45
    • 0345540679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation value of semi-natural pastures in Sweden: Contrasting botanical and avian measures
    • Pärt, T. & Söderström, B. 1999: Conservation value of semi-natural pastures in Sweden: Contrasting botanical and avian measures. - Conservation Biology 13: 755-765.
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 755-765
    • Pärt, T.1    Söderström, B.2
  • 46
    • 0000524587 scopus 로고
    • A method for assesing changes in the abundance of butterflies
    • Pollard, E. 1977: A method for assesing changes in the abundance of butterflies. - Biological Conservation 12: 115-134.
    • (1977) Biological Conservation , vol.12 , pp. 115-134
    • Pollard, E.1
  • 49
    • 2842586934 scopus 로고
    • Initial responses of the New Forest Burnet moth, Zygaena viciae (Denis and Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), to recovery attempts in Scotland
    • Ravenscroft, N. O. M., Bourn, N. A. D. & Young, M. R. 1993: Initial responses of the New Forest Burnet moth, Zygaena viciae (Denis and Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), to recovery attempts in Scotland. - Entomologist's Gazette 44: 104.
    • (1993) Entomologist's Gazette , vol.44 , pp. 104
    • Ravenscroft, N.O.M.1    Bourn, N.A.D.2    Young, M.R.3
  • 50
    • 0030302018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat specificity, restricted range and metapopulation persistence of the slender scotch burnet moth Zygaena loti in western Scotland
    • Ravenscroft, N. O. M. & Young, M. R. 1996: Habitat specificity, restricted range and metapopulation persistence of the slender scotch burnet moth Zygaena loti in western Scotland. - J. Applied Ecology 33: 993-1000.
    • (1996) J. Applied Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 993-1000
    • Ravenscroft, N.O.M.1    Young, M.R.2
  • 51
    • 0037860912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population trends of Finnish butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) in 1991-2000
    • Saarinen, K., Lahti, T. & Marttila, O. 2003: Population trends of Finnish butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) in 1991-2000. - Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 2147-2159.
    • (2003) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.12 , pp. 2147-2159
    • Saarinen, K.1    Lahti, T.2    Marttila, O.3
  • 52
    • 4143075332 scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of and habitat use by Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) in a suburban nature reserve
    • Tremewan, W. G., Wipking, W. & Naumann, C. M. (eds.), Koeltz scientific books, Königstein. 283 pp.
    • Schmidt-Loske, K. 1993: Spatial distribution of and habitat use by Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) in a suburban nature reserve. - In: Tremewan, W. G., Wipking, W. & Naumann, C. M. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on the biology of the Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera): 165-175. Koeltz scientific books, Königstein. 283 pp.
    • (1993) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Biology of the Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) , pp. 165-175
    • Schmidt-Loske, K.1
  • 53
    • 0037393245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of spatial scale on quantifying insect dispersal: An analysis of butterfly data
    • Schneider, C. 2003: The influence of spatial scale on quantifying insect dispersal: an analysis of butterfly data. - Ecological Entomology 28: 252-256.
    • (2003) Ecological Entomology , vol.28 , pp. 252-256
    • Schneider, C.1
  • 54
    • 0029773825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial synchrony and asynchrony in butterfly population dynamics
    • Sutcliffe, O. L., Thomas, C. D. & Moss, D. 1996: Spatial synchrony and asynchrony in butterfly population dynamics. - Journal of Animal Ecology 65: 85-95.
    • (1996) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 85-95
    • Sutcliffe, O.L.1    Thomas, C.D.2    Moss, D.3
  • 55
    • 0028177165 scopus 로고
    • Extinction, colonization, and metapopulations - Environmental tracking by rare species
    • Thomas, C. D. 1994: Extinction, colonization, and metapopulations - environmental tracking by rare species. - Conservation Biology 8: 373-378.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 373-378
    • Thomas, C.D.1
  • 57
    • 0026565067 scopus 로고
    • Spatial dynamics of a patchily distributed butterfly species
    • Thomas, C. D. & Harrison, S. 1992: Spatial dynamics of a patchily distributed butterfly species. - Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 437-446.
    • (1992) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 437-446
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Harrison, S.2
  • 58
    • 0027020001 scopus 로고
    • Distributions of occupied and vacant butterfly habitats in fragmented landscapes
    • Thomas, C. D., Thomas, J. A. & Warren, M. S. 1992: Distributions of occupied and vacant butterfly habitats in fragmented landscapes. - Oecologia 92: 563-567.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.92 , pp. 563-567
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Thomas, J.A.2    Warren, M.S.3
  • 59
    • 0000102937 scopus 로고
    • The conservation of butterflies in temperate countries: Past efforts and lessons for the future
    • Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. (eds.), Academic press, London. 429 pp.
    • Thomas, J. A. 1984: The conservation of butterflies in temperate countries: past efforts and lessons for the future. - In: Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. (eds.), The biology of butterflies: 333-353. Academic press, London. 429 pp.
    • (1984) The Biology of Butterflies , pp. 333-353
    • Thomas, J.A.1
  • 60
    • 84981976098 scopus 로고
    • The conservation of declining butterfly populations in Britain and Europe: Priorities, problems and successes
    • Thomas, J. A. 1995: The conservation of declining butterfly populations in Britain and Europe: Priorities, problems and successes. - Biological Journal of Linnean Society 56: 55-72.
    • (1995) Biological Journal of Linnean Society , vol.56 , pp. 55-72
    • Thomas, J.A.1
  • 62
    • 4143141516 scopus 로고
    • Suomen punatäpläperhoset (Zygaenidae of Finland)
    • In Finnish
    • Väisänen, R. & Somerma, P. 1993: Suomen punatäpläperhoset (Zygaenidae of Finland). - Baptria 18: 1-49. [In Finnish.]
    • (1993) Baptria , vol.18 , pp. 1-49
    • Väisänen, R.1    Somerma, P.2
  • 64
    • 0036230820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species-richness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish seminatural grasslands
    • Vessby, K., Söderström, B., Glimskär, A. & Svensson, B. 2002: Species-richness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish seminatural grasslands. - Conservation Biology 16: 430-439.
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 430-439
    • Vessby, K.1    Söderström, B.2    Glimskär, A.3    Svensson, B.4
  • 65
    • 4143087699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing and cutting as conservation management tools: The need for a cautious approach, with some examples of rare moths which have been adversely affected
    • Waring, P. 2001: Grazing and cutting as conservation management tools: The need for a cautious approach, with some examples of rare moths which have been adversely affected. - Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 113: 193-200.
    • (2001) Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation , vol.113 , pp. 193-200
    • Waring, P.1
  • 66
    • 0027487707 scopus 로고
    • A review of butterfly conservation in central southern Britain. II. Site management and habitat selection by key species
    • Warren, M. S. 1993: A review of butterfly conservation in central southern Britain. II. Site management and habitat selection by key species. - Biological Conservation 64: 37-49.
    • (1993) Biological Conservation , vol.64 , pp. 37-49
    • Warren, M.S.1
  • 68
    • 0035005729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grasslands, grazing and biodiversity: Editors' introduction
    • Watkinson, A. R. & Ormerod, S. J. 2001: Grasslands, grazing and biodiversity: editors' introduction. - Journal of Applied Ecology 38: 233-237.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 233-237
    • Watkinson, A.R.1    Ormerod, S.J.2
  • 69
    • 0034492875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of butterflies in the agricultural landscape: The role of farming system and landscape heterogeneity
    • Weibull, A. C., Bengtsson, J. & Nohlgren, E. 2000: Diversity of butterflies in the agricultural landscape: the role of farming system and landscape heterogeneity. - Ecography 23: 743-750.
    • (2000) Ecography , vol.23 , pp. 743-750
    • Weibull, A.C.1    Bengtsson, J.2    Nohlgren, E.3
  • 70
    • 84990040809 scopus 로고
    • Food plants of burnets (Zygaena F., Lepidopt., Zygaenidae) and the dying-out of these moths in the Pienny Mts. (Poland)
    • Zarzycki, K. & Dabrowski, J. S. 1986: Food plants of burnets (Zygaena F., Lepidopt., Zygaenidae) and the dying-out of these moths in the Pienny Mts. (Poland). - Acta. Soc. Bot. Pol. 55: 343-360.
    • (1986) Acta. Soc. Bot. Pol. , vol.55 , pp. 343-360
    • Zarzycki, K.1    Dabrowski, J.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.