메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 164, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 132-144

The kin composition of social groups: Trading group size for degree of altruism

Author keywords

Cooperation; Inclusive fitness; Lottery assignment of helping roles; Mutualism; Relatedness; Sociality

Indexed keywords

ALTRUISM; GROUP SIZE; KINSHIP; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 4143114523     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/422263     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (74)
  • 2
    • 0002029066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of cooperation and permanent sociality in spiders
    • J. Choe and B. Crespi, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Avilés, L. 1997. Causes and consequences of cooperation and permanent sociality in spiders. Pages 476-498 in J. Choe and B. Crespi, eds. The evolution of social behaviour in insects and arachnids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1997) The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids , pp. 476-498
    • Avilés, L.1
  • 3
    • 0001105649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and non-linear dynamics: An ecological perspective on the evolution of sociality
    • _. 1999. Cooperation and non-linear dynamics: an ecological perspective on the evolution of sociality. Evolutionary Ecology Research 1:459-477.
    • (1999) Evolutionary Ecology Research , vol.1 , pp. 459-477
  • 4
    • 0037195065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solving the freeloaders paradox: Genetic associations and frequency-dependent selection in the evolution of cooperation among nonrelatives
    • _. 2002. Solving the freeloaders paradox: genetic associations and frequency-dependent selection in the evolution of cooperation among nonrelatives. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99:14268-14273.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , vol.99 , pp. 14268-14273
  • 5
    • 0031660545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colony size and individual fitness in the social spider Anelosimus eximius
    • Avilés, L., and P. Tufiño. 1998. Colony size and individual fitness in the social spider Anelosimus eximius. American Naturalist 152:403-418.
    • (1998) American Naturalist , vol.152 , pp. 403-418
    • Avilés, L.1    Tufiño, P.2
  • 6
    • 0036168603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population ecology, nonlinear dynamics, and social evolution. I. Associations among nonrelatives
    • Avilés, L., P. Abbot, and A. Cutter. 2002. Population ecology, nonlinear dynamics, and social evolution. I. Associations among nonrelatives. American Naturalist 159:115-127.
    • (2002) American Naturalist , vol.159 , pp. 115-127
    • Avilés, L.1    Abbot, P.2    Cutter, A.3
  • 7
    • 0033485267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation among unrelated individuals: The ant foundress case
    • Bernasconi, G., and J. E. Strassmann. 1999. Cooperation among unrelated individuals: the ant foundress case. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14:477-482.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 477-482
    • Bernasconi, G.1    Strassmann, J.E.2
  • 8
    • 0020367767 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary strategies and developmental constraints in the cellular slime molds
    • Bonner, J. T. 1982. Evolutionary strategies and developmental constraints in the cellular slime molds. American Naturalist 119:530-552.
    • (1982) American Naturalist , vol.119 , pp. 530-552
    • Bonner, J.T.1
  • 9
    • 0001634632 scopus 로고
    • Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups
    • Boyd, R., and P. J. Richerson. 1992. Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups. Ethology and Sociobiology 13:171-195.
    • (1992) Ethology and Sociobiology , vol.13 , pp. 171-195
    • Boyd, R.1    Richerson, P.J.2
  • 10
    • 0037157019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eusociality in African mole-rats: New insights from patterns of genetic relatedness in the Da-maraland mole-rat (Cryptomys datnarensis)
    • Burland, T. M., N. C. Bennett, J. U. M. Jarvis, and C. G. Faulkes. 2002. Eusociality in African mole-rats: new insights from patterns of genetic relatedness in the Da-maraland mole-rat (Cryptomys datnarensis). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269:1025-1030.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.269 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Burland, T.M.1    Bennett, N.C.2    Jarvis, J.U.M.3    Faulkes, C.G.4
  • 11
    • 0027383593 scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term consequences of grouping and group foraging in the free-living flatworm Dugesia tigrina
    • Cash, K., M. McKee, and F. Wrona. 1993. Short- and long-term consequences of grouping and group foraging in the free-living flatworm Dugesia tigrina. Journal of Animal Ecology 62:529-535.
    • (1993) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 529-535
    • Cash, K.1    McKee, M.2    Wrona, F.3
  • 12
    • 0031659106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High relatedness and inbreeding in two species of haplodiploid eusocial thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) revealed by microsatellite analysis
    • Chapman, T. W., and B. Crespi. 1998. High relatedness and inbreeding in two species of haplodiploid eusocial thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) revealed by microsatellite analysis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 43:301-306.
    • (1998) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.43 , pp. 301-306
    • Chapman, T.W.1    Crespi, B.2
  • 13
    • 0001966679 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary advantages of group foraging
    • Clark, C. W., and M. Mangel. 1986. The evolutionary advantages of group foraging. Theoretical Population Biology 30:45-75.
    • (1986) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.30 , pp. 45-75
    • Clark, C.W.1    Mangel, M.2
  • 14
    • 0037023325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding together: Kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates
    • Clutton-Brock, T. 2002. Breeding together: kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates. Science 296: 69-72.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 69-72
    • Clutton-Brock, T.1
  • 18
    • 0028161819 scopus 로고
    • Inclusive fitness and reproductive strategies in dwarf mongooses
    • Creel, S. R., and P. M. Waser. 1994. Inclusive fitness and reproductive strategies in dwarf mongooses. Behavioral Ecology 5:339-348.
    • (1994) Behavioral Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 339-348
    • Creel, S.R.1    Waser, P.M.2
  • 19
    • 0029666913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nestmate relatedness in a communal bee, Perdita texana (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), based on DNA fingerprinting
    • Danforth, B. N., J. L. Neff, and P. Barretto-Ko. 1996. Nestmate relatedness in a communal bee, Perdita texana (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), based on DNA fingerprinting. Evolution 50:276-284.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 276-284
    • Danforth, B.N.1    Neff, J.L.2    Barretto-Ko, P.3
  • 20
    • 0001807582 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative breeding in birds and mammals
    • J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davis, eds. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • Emlen, S. T. 1984. Cooperative breeding in birds and mammals. Pages 305-339 in J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davis, eds. Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
    • (1984) Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach , pp. 305-339
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 21
    • 0024198970 scopus 로고
    • The role of kinship in helping decisions among white-fronted bee-eaters
    • Emlen, S. T., and P. H. Wrege. 1988. The role of kinship in helping decisions among white-fronted bee-eaters. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 23:305-315.
    • (1988) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.23 , pp. 305-315
    • Emlen, S.T.1    Wrege, P.H.2
  • 23
    • 0031193364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-and macrogeographical genetic structure of colonies of naked mole-rats Heterocephalus glaber
    • Faulkes, C. G., D. H. Abbott, H. P. Obrien, L. Lau, M. R. Roy, R. K. Wayne, and M. W. Bruford. 1997. Micro-and macrogeographical genetic structure of colonies of naked mole-rats Heterocephalus glaber. Molecular Ecology 6:615-628.
    • (1997) Molecular Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 615-628
    • Faulkes, C.G.1    Abbott, D.H.2    Obrien, H.P.3    Lau, L.4    Roy, M.R.5    Wayne, R.K.6    Bruford, M.W.7
  • 25
    • 0028982247 scopus 로고
    • Mutual policing and repression of competition in the evolution of cooperative groups
    • Frank, S. A. 1995. Mutual policing and repression of competition in the evolution of cooperative groups. Nature 377:4294-4295.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 4294-4295
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 26
    • 0004291677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • _. 1998. Foundations of social evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • (1998) Foundations of Social Evolution
  • 29
    • 0027836705 scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness and group size in an aggregation economy
    • Giraldeau, L., and T. Caraco. 1993. Genetic relatedness and group size in an aggregation economy. Evolutionary Ecology 7:429-438.
    • (1993) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 429-438
    • Giraldeau, L.1    Caraco, T.2
  • 30
    • 0004250710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • _. 2000. Social foraging theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
    • (2000) Social Foraging Theory
  • 31
    • 0002511495 scopus 로고
    • The stable group and the determinants of foraging group size
    • C. N. Slobodchikoff, ed. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
    • Giraldeau, L.-A. 1988. The stable group and the determinants of foraging group size. Pages 33-53 in C. N. Slobodchikoff, ed. The ecology of social behavior. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
    • (1988) The Ecology of Social Behavior , pp. 33-53
    • Giraldeau, L.-A.1
  • 32
    • 0030985626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular genetic analysis of social structure, dispersal, and interpack relationships of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
    • Girman, D. J., M. G. L. Mills, E. Geffen, and R. K. Wayne. 1997. A molecular genetic analysis of social structure, dispersal, and interpack relationships of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 40:187-198.
    • (1997) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.40 , pp. 187-198
    • Girman, D.J.1    Mills, M.G.L.2    Geffen, E.3    Wayne, R.K.4
  • 33
    • 0023218426 scopus 로고
    • Cell-autonomous determination of cell-type choice in Dictyostelium development by cell-cycle phase
    • Gomer, R. H., and R. A. Firtel. 1987. Cell-autonomous determination of cell-type choice in Dictyostelium development by cell-cycle phase. Science 237:758-762.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 758-762
    • Gomer, R.H.1    Firtel, R.A.2
  • 34
    • 0030740302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness, coalitions and social behaviour of white-nosed coatis, Nasua narica
    • Gompper, M. E., J. L. Gittleman, and R. K. Wayne. 1997. Genetic relatedness, coalitions and social behaviour of white-nosed coatis, Nasua narica. Animal Behaviour 53: 781-797.
    • (1997) Animal Behaviour , vol.53 , pp. 781-797
    • Gompper, M.E.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Wayne, R.K.3
  • 35
    • 0030618233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of queen number and queen relatedness in multiple-queen colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta
    • Goodisman, M. A. D., and K. G. Ross. 1997. Relationship of queen number and queen relatedness in multiple-queen colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Ecological Entomology 22:150-157.
    • (1997) Ecological Entomology , vol.22 , pp. 150-157
    • Goodisman, M.A.D.1    Ross, K.G.2
  • 36
    • 0013770258 scopus 로고
    • The genetical evolution of social behaviour
    • Hamilton, W. D. 1964. The genetical evolution of social behaviour. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1-16.
    • (1964) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.7 , pp. 1-16
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 37
    • 0034993406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared parentage and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker
    • Haydock, J., W. D. Koenig, and M. T. Stanback. 2001. Shared parentage and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker. Molecular Ecology 10:1515-1525.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 1515-1525
    • Haydock, J.1    Koenig, W.D.2    Stanback, M.T.3
  • 38
    • 0034615064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coalitions of relatives and reproductive skew in cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs
    • Heinsohn, R., P. Dunn, S. Legge, and M. Double. 2000. Coalitions of relatives and reproductive skew in cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267:243-249.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.267 , pp. 243-249
    • Heinsohn, R.1    Dunn, P.2    Legge, S.3    Double, M.4
  • 39
    • 0000906441 scopus 로고
    • Kidnapping and reciprocity in cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs
    • Heinsohn, R. G. 1991. Kidnapping and reciprocity in cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs. Animal Behaviour 41:1097-1100.
    • (1991) Animal Behaviour , vol.41 , pp. 1097-1100
    • Heinsohn, R.G.1
  • 40
    • 0027090893 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative enhancement of reproductive success in white-winged choughs
    • _. 1992. Cooperative enhancement of reproductive success in white-winged choughs. Evolutionary Ecology 6:97-114.
    • (1992) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 97-114
  • 41
    • 0027881461 scopus 로고
    • What determines animal group size? Insider-outsider conflict and its resolution
    • Higashi, M., and N. Yamamura. 1993. What determines animal group size? insider-outsider conflict and its resolution. American Naturalist 142:553-563.
    • (1993) American Naturalist , vol.142 , pp. 553-563
    • Higashi, M.1    Yamamura, N.2
  • 42
    • 0031871566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating molecular techniques with field methods in studies of social behavior: A revolution results
    • Hughes, C. 1998. Integrating molecular techniques with field methods in studies of social behavior: a revolution results. Ecology 79:383-399.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 383-399
    • Hughes, C.1
  • 45
    • 0034344825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate socio-ecology: The end of a golden age
    • Janson, C. H. 2000. Primate socio-ecology: the end of a golden age. Evolutionary Anthropology 9:73-86.
    • (2000) Evolutionary Anthropology , vol.9 , pp. 73-86
    • Janson, C.H.1
  • 48
    • 0028251861 scopus 로고
    • Reproductivity and relatedness in a communal halictine bee Lasioglossum-(Chilalictus)-Hemichalceum
    • Kukuk, P. F., and G. K. Sage. 1994. Reproductivity and relatedness in a communal halictine bee Lasioglossum-(Chilalictus)-Hemichalceum. Insectes Sociaux 41:443-455.
    • (1994) Insectes Sociaux , vol.41 , pp. 443-455
    • Kukuk, P.F.1    Sage, G.K.2
  • 49
    • 0031693275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutualistic benefits generate an unequal distribution of risky activities among unrelated group members
    • Kukuk, P. F., S. A. Ward, and A. Jozwiak. 1998. Mutualistic benefits generate an unequal distribution of risky activities among unrelated group members. Naturwisenschaften 85:445-449.
    • (1998) Naturwisenschaften , vol.85 , pp. 445-449
    • Kukuk, P.F.1    Ward, S.A.2    Jozwiak, A.3
  • 51
    • 0030497389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of individuality. II. Conflict mediation
    • Michod, R. E. 1996. Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of individuality. II. Conflict mediation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263:813-822.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.263 , pp. 813-822
    • Michod, R.E.1
  • 52
    • 0000681080 scopus 로고
    • A molecular genetic-analysis of kinship and cooperation in African lions
    • Packer, C., D. A. Gilbert, A. E. Pusey, and S. J. Obrien. 1991. A molecular genetic-analysis of kinship and cooperation in African lions. Nature 351:562-565.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 562-565
    • Packer, C.1    Gilbert, D.A.2    Pusey, A.E.3    Obrien, S.J.4
  • 55
    • 0026592763 scopus 로고
    • A general model for kin selection
    • Queller, D. C. 1992. A general model for kin selection. Evolution 46:376-380.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 376-380
    • Queller, D.C.1
  • 56
    • 0031910055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin selection and social insects
    • Queller, D. C., and J. E. Strassmann. 1998. Kin selection and social insects. BioScience 48:165-175.
    • (1998) BioScience , vol.48 , pp. 165-175
    • Queller, D.C.1    Strassmann, J.E.2
  • 58
    • 0023501471 scopus 로고
    • Interacting selective pressures in conifer-bark beetle systems: A basis for reciprocal adaptations?
    • Raffa, K. F., and A. A. Berryman. 1987. Interacting selective pressures in conifer-bark beetle systems: a basis for reciprocal adaptations? American Naturalist 129:234-262.
    • (1987) American Naturalist , vol.129 , pp. 234-262
    • Raffa, K.F.1    Berryman, A.A.2
  • 59
    • 0034580827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive skew and group size: An N-person staying incentive model
    • Reeve, K. R., and S. T. Emlen. 2000. Reproductive skew and group size: an N-person staying incentive model. Behavioral Ecology 11:640-647.
    • (2000) Behavioral Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 640-647
    • Reeve, K.R.1    Emlen, S.T.2
  • 60
    • 0024568173 scopus 로고
    • Foraging specialization without relatedness or dominance among co-founding ant queens
    • Rissing, S. W., G. B. Pollock, M. R. Higgins, R. H. Hagen, and D. R. Smith. 1989. Foraging specialization without relatedness or dominance among co-founding ant queens. Nature 338:420-422.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.338 , pp. 420-422
    • Rissing, S.W.1    Pollock, G.B.2    Higgins, M.R.3    Hagen, R.H.4    Smith, D.R.5
  • 61
    • 0035083402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular ecology of social behaviour: Analyses of breeding systems and genetic structure
    • Ross, K. G. 2001. Molecular ecology of social behaviour: analyses of breeding systems and genetic structure. Molecular Ecology 10:265-284.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 265-284
    • Ross, K.G.1
  • 63
    • 0031773828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: A review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution
    • Schwarz, M. P., N. J. Bull, and K. Hogendoorn. 1998. Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: a review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution. Insectes Sociaux 45:349-368.
    • (1998) Insectes Sociaux , vol.45 , pp. 349-368
    • Schwarz, M.P.1    Bull, N.J.2    Hogendoorn, K.3
  • 64
    • 0002541782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum or eusociality in termites
    • J. Choe and B. Crespi, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Shellman-Reeve, J. S. 1997. The spectrum or eusociality in termites. Pages 52-93 in J. Choe and B. Crespi, eds. The evolution of social behaviour in insects and arachnids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1997) The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids
    • Shellman-Reeve, J.S.1
  • 66
    • 0000773558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of sociality in aphids: A clone's-eye view
    • J. Choe and B. Crespi, eds. Cambridge-University Press, Cambridge
    • Stern, D. L., and W. A. Foster. 1997. The evolution of sociality in aphids: a clone's-eye view. Pages 150-165 in J. Choe and B. Crespi, eds. The evolution of social behaviour in insects and arachnids. Cambridge-University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1997) The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids , pp. 150-165
    • Stern, D.L.1    Foster, W.A.2
  • 67
    • 0001113271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective altruism towards closer over more distant relatives in colonies of the primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes
    • S. Turillazzi and M. J. West-Eberhard, eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Strassmann, J. E. 1996. Selective altruism towards closer over more distant relatives in colonies of the primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes. Pages 190-201 in S. Turillazzi and M. J. West-Eberhard, eds. Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Natural History and Evolution of Paper-wasps , pp. 190-201
    • Strassmann, J.E.1
  • 68
    • 0029174072 scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness and population-structure in the social wasp, Mischocyttarus-Mexicanus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
    • Strassmann, J. E., D. C. Queller, and C. R. Solis. 1995. Genetic relatedness and population-structure in the social wasp, Mischocyttarus- Mexicanus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Insectes Sociaux 42:379-383.
    • (1995) Insectes Sociaux , vol.42 , pp. 379-383
    • Strassmann, J.E.1    Queller, D.C.2    Solis, C.R.3
  • 69
    • 0034700501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruism and social cheating in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
    • Strassmann, J. E., Y. Zhu, and D. C. Queller. 2000. Altruism and social cheating in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 408:965-967.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 965-967
    • Strassmann, J.E.1    Zhu, Y.2    Queller, D.C.3
  • 70
    • 0019029068 scopus 로고
    • Theories of kin and group selection: A population genetics perspective
    • Uyenoyama, M., and M. W. Feldman. 1980. Theories of kin and group selection: a population genetics perspective. Theoretical Population Biology 17:380-414.
    • (1980) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.17 , pp. 380-414
    • Uyenoyama, M.1    Feldman, M.W.2
  • 71
    • 0001010586 scopus 로고
    • A model for the evolution of despotic versus egalitarian societies
    • Vehrencamp, S. L. 1983. A model for the evolution of despotic versus egalitarian societies. Animal Behavior 31:667-682.
    • (1983) Animal Behavior , vol.31 , pp. 667-682
    • Vehrencamp, S.L.1
  • 72
    • 0028162964 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection of colony size in a passerine bird
    • Wiklund, C. G., and M. Andersson. 1994. Natural selection of colony size in a passerine bird. Journal of Animal Ecology 63:765-774.
    • (1994) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 765-774
    • Wiklund, C.G.1    Andersson, M.2
  • 73
    • 0025658877 scopus 로고
    • Weak altruism, strong group selection
    • Wilson, D. S. 1990. Weak altruism, strong group selection. Oikos 59:135-140.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.59 , pp. 135-140
    • Wilson, D.S.1
  • 74
    • 0001416125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and altruism
    • C. W. Fox, D. A. Roff, and D. J. Fairbairn, eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • _. 2001. Cooperation and altruism. Pages 222-231 in C. W. Fox, D. A. Roff, and D. J. Fairbairn, eds. Evolutionary ecology: concepts and case studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2001) Evolutionary Ecology: Concepts and Case Studies , pp. 222-231


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.