Droplet deposition in steam turbines

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science

Volumn 218, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 859-870

  Crane, R I ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Deposition; Droplets; Steam turbines

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITION; DROP FORMATION; EROSION; HIGH PRESSURE EFFECTS; STEAM ENGINEERING; TURBOMACHINE BLADES;

DROPLET DEPOSITION; FOG DEPOSITION;

STEAM TURBINES;

DEPOSITION; DROPLET; RESEARCH; STEAM TURBINE;

EID: 4143101241     PISSN: 09544062     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1243/0954406041474200     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Gyarmathy, G. Grundlagen einer Theorie der Nassdampfturbine. Bulletin 6, Institut Thermische Turbomaschinen, Eldgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zürich, 1962 (Basis of a theory for wet steam turbines, CEGB Translation T-781, 1963; USAF FTD Report TT-63-785, 1963).
2. Gardner, G. C. Events leading to erosion in the steam turbine. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1963-4, 178(1/23), 593-623.
3. Gyarmathy, G. Basic notions. In Two-Phase Steam Flow in Turbines and Separators (Eds M. J. Moore and C. H. Sieverding), 1976, Ch. 1 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
4. Moore, M. J. Gas dynamics of wet steam and energy losses in wet-steam turbines. In Two-Phase Steam Flow in Turbines and Separators (Eds M. J. Moore and C. H. Sieverding), 1976, Ch. 2 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
5. Lee, B.-E., Riu, K.-J., Shin, S.-H. and Kwon, S.-B., Development of a water droplet erosion model for large steam turbine blades. Korean Soc. Mech. Engrs Int. J., 2003, 17(l), 114-121.
6. Tsoubouchi, K., Yasugahira, N. and Yoshida, S. An evaluation of water droplet erosion for advanced large steam turbines. In Advances in Steam Turbine Technology for Power Generation, Book No. G00518, 1990, PWR-Vol. 10, pp. 245-251 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).
7. Guha, A. Application of non-equilibrium theory to steam turbines. In Two Phase Flows with Phase Transition, Lecture Series 1995-06, 1995 (von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-St-Genëse).
8. Moore, M. J., Langford, R. W. and Tipping, J. C. Research at C.E.R.L. on turbine blade erosion. In Proceedings of IMechE Conference on Wet Steam, Bristol, 1968, pp. 1-8 (Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London).
9. Gyarmathy, G. Condensation in flowing steam. In Two-Phase Steam Flow in Turbines and Separators (Eds M. J. Moore and C. H. Sieverding), 1976, Ch. 3 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
10. Walters, P. T. and Skingley, P. C. An optical instrument for measuring the wetness fraction and droplet size of wet steam flows in LP turbines. In Proceedings of the IMechE Conference on Steam Turbines for the 1980s, London, 1979, paper C141/79, pp. 337-348 (Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, London).
11. Walters, P. T. Practical applications of inverting spectral turbidity data to provide aerosol size distributions. Appl. Optics, 1980, 19, 2353-2365.
12. Moore, M. J. Instrumentation for wet steam. In Two-Phase Steam Flow in Turbines and Separators (Eds M. J. Moore and C. H. Sieverding), 1976, Ch. 4 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
13. Moore, M. J., Walters, P. T., Crane, R. I. and Davidson, B. J. Predicting the fog-drop size in wet-steam turbines. In Proceedings of the IMechE Conference on Heat and Fluid Flow in Steam and Gas Turbine Plant, Coventry, April 1973, paper C37/73, pp. 101-109 (Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London).
14. Walters, P. T. Wetness and efficiency measurements in LP turbines with an optical probe as an aid to improving performance. Trans. ASME, J. Engng Gas Turbines Power, 1987, 109, 85-91.
15. Young, J. B., Yau K. K. and Walters, P. T. Fog droplet deposition and coarse water formation in low-pressure steam turbines: a combined experimental and theoretical analysis. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 1988, 110, 163-172.
16. Bohn, D. and Holzenthal, K. Measurement of the wetness fraction and droplet size distribution in a condensation turbine. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Turbomachinery, Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, Antwerp, Belgium, 1997, pp. 55-63.
17. Petr, V. and Kolovratnik, M. Modelling of the droplet size distribution in a low-pressure steam turbine. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part A: J. Power and Energy, 2000, 214(A2), 145-152.
18. Bakhtar, F. and Heaton, A. V. An examination of the effects of wake chopping on droplet size in steam turbines. In Proceedings of the BES Conference on Technology of Turbine Plant Operating in Wet Steam, 1988, pp. 173-176 (Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, London).
19. Guha, A. and Young, J. The effects of flow unsteadiness on the homogeneous nucleation of water droplets in steam turbines. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 1994, 349, 445-472.
20. Williams, G. J. and Lord, M. J. Measurements of coarse water distribution in the LP cylinders of operating steam turbines. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1976, 190(4/76), 59-69.
21. Parker, G. J. and Ryley, D. J. Equipment and techniques for studying the deposition of submicron particles on turbine blades. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1969-70, 184(3C), 43-51.
22. Parker, G. J. and Lee, P. Studies of the deposition of submicron particles on turbine blades. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1972, 186, 519-526.
23. Yau, K. K. and Young, J. B. The deposition of fog droplets on steam turbine blades by turbulent diffusion. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 1987, 109, 429-435.
24. Ryley, D. J. and Davies, J. B. Effect of thermophoresis on fog droplet deposition on low pressure steam tubine guide blades. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 1983, 4, 161-167.
25. Owen, I. Diffusion of aerosols onto a heated turbine blade. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Particulate and Multiphase Processes, Miami Beach, Florida, April 1985, 1987, Vol. 2 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
26. Ryley, D. J. and Al-Azzawi, H. K. Suppression of the deposition of nucleated fog droplets on steam tubine stator blades by blade heating. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 1983, 4, 207-216.
27. Moore, M. J. and Sculpher, P. Conditions producing concentrated erosion in large steam turbines. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1969-70, 184(3Giii), 45-56.
28. Crane, R. I. Deposition in the reattachment region of separated wet steam flows. Note RD/L/N 262/71, Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, 1971.
29. Crane, R. I. Deposition of fog drops on low pressure steam turbine blades. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 1973, 15, 613-631.
30. Chang, P. K. Characteristics of separated flows. In Separation of Flow, 1970, Ch. VII (Pergamon, Oxford).
31. Young, J. B. and Yau, K. K. The inertial deposition of fog droplets on steam turbine blades. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 1988, 110, 155-162.
32. Healy, J. V. Two-phase concave-type corner flows. J. Fluid Mechanics, 1971, 46, 33-42.
33. Denton, J. D. Throughflow calculations for transonic axial flow turbines. Trans. ASME, J. Engng Power, 1978, 100, 212-218.
34. Denton, J. D. An improved time-marching method for turbomachinery flow calculation. Trans. ASME, J. Engng Power, 1983, 105, 514-524.
35. Lin, C. S., Moulton, R. W. and Putnam, G. L. Mass transfer between solid wall and fluid streams. Ind. Engng Chem., 1953, 45, 636.
36. Williams, J. J. E. and Crane, R. I. Deposition of large particles from turbulent flow in pipes. In Proceedings of the IMechE Conference on Gas-Borne Particles, Oxford, June-July 1981, paper C86/81, pp. 197-202 (Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, London).
37. Friedlander, S. K. and Johnstone, H. F. Deposition of suspended particles from turbulent gas streams. Ind. Engng Chem., 1957, 49, 1151-1156.
38. Cleaver, J. W. and Yates, B. A sub-layer model for the deposition of particles from a turbulent flow. Chem. Engng Sci., 1975, 30, 983-992.
39. Crane, R. I. Some aspects of wet steam flow in turbine cross-over pipes. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 1978, 20, 237-246.
40. Wood, N. B. A simple method for the calculation of turbulent deposition to smooth and rough surfaces. J. Aerosol Sci., 1981, 12, 275-290.
41. Crane, R. I., Leoutsakos, G. and Sabzvari, J. Transition in pressure-surface boundary layers. Trans. ASME, J., Turbomachinery, 1987, 109, 296-302.
42. Halstead, D. E., Wisler, D. C., Okiishi, T. H., Walker, G. J., Hodson, H. P. and Shin, H.-W. Boundary layer development in axial compressors and turbines. Part of 4: composite picture. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 1997, 119, 114-127.
43. Chaluvadi, V. S. P., Kalfas, A. I., Hodson, H. P., Ohyama, H. and Watanabe, E. Blade row interaction in a high-pressure steam turbine. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 2003, 125, 14-24.
44. Ryley, D. J. and El-Shobokshy, M. S. The deposition of fog droplets by diffusion onto steam turbine guide blades. In Proceedings of the 6th International Heat Transfer Conference, Toronto, Canada, August 1978, paper EC-14, pp. 85-90.
45. Reeks, M. W. and Skyrme, G. The dependence of particle deposition velocity on particle inertia in turbulent pipe flow. J. Aerosol Sci., 1976, 7, 485-495.
46. Smith, A. Experimental development of wet steam turbines. In Two-Phase Steam Flow in Turbines and Separators (Eds M. J. Moore and C. H. Sieverding), 1976, Ch. 5 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
47. Gardner, G. C. External water separators. In Two-Phase Steam Flow in Turbines and Separators (Eds M. J. Moore and C. H. Sieverding), 1976, Ch. 7 (Hemisphere, Washington, DC).
48. Crane, R. I. and Evans, R. L. Inertial deposition of particles in a pipe bend. J. Aerosol Sci., 1977, 8, 161-170.
49. Williams, J. J. E. and Crane, R. I. Particle collision rate in turbulent flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 1983, 9, 421-435.
50. Crane, R. I. Drop coalescence and deposition in turbulent wet steam pipe flows. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 1982, 3, 13-20.
51. Young, J. and Leeming, A. A theory of particle deposition in turbulent pipe flow. J. Fluid Mechanics, 1997, 340, 129-159.
52. Guha, A. A unified Eulerian theory of turbulent deposition to smooth and rough surfaces. J. Aerosol Sci., 1997, 28, 1517-1537.
53. Wu, Z. and Young, J. B. Deposition of small particles from turbulent flows. In Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, July 2003, ASME paper HT2003-47601 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).
54. Kostas, J., Soria, J. and Chong, M. S. Particle image velocimetry measurements of a backward-facing step flow. Exp. Fluids, 2002, 33, 838-853.
55. Chan, C. K., Zhang, H. Q. and Lau, K. S. Numerical simulation of gas-particle flows behind a backward-facing step using an improved stochastic separated flow model. Comput. Mechanics, 2001, 27, 412-417.
56. Schulte, V. and Hodson, H. P. Prediction of the becalmed region for LP turbine profile design. Trans. ASME, J. Turbomachinery, 1998, 120, 839-845.