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J. T. Bonner, The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1988).
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G. A. Cohen, D. Pines, and D. Meltzer, Complexity: Metaphors, Models, and Reality (Perseus, Cambridge, MA, 1999).
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5
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See, e.g., P. Bak, How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality (Copernicus, New York, 1996)
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See, e.g., P. Bak, How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality (Copernicus, New York, 1996).
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S. A. Kauffman, Investigations (Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2000).
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See, e.g., C. Adami, Introduction to Artificial Life (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998), and references therein.
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Zhou, T.1
Carlson, J.M.2
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S. K. Ma, Modern Theory of Critical Phenomena (Benjamin, New York, 1976).
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Cardy, J.1
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Corner connections are excluded in optimal solutions as long as (Formula presented) is sufficiently smooth. This applies for the exponential (Formula presented) we consider here, and other continuous functions. However, (Formula presented)’s can be constructed for which corner connections are allowed. For example, when (Formula presented) in alternating cells in a checkerboard pattern, cells with (Formula presented) will have unit density. Because they are never hit, there is no risk of propagation through a corner connection. We thank the referee for suggesting this example
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Corner connections are excluded in optimal solutions as long as (Formula presented) is sufficiently smooth. This applies for the exponential (Formula presented) we consider here, and other continuous functions. However, (Formula presented)’s can be constructed for which corner connections are allowed. For example, when (Formula presented) in alternating cells in a checkerboard pattern, cells with (Formula presented) will have unit density. Because they are never hit, there is no risk of propagation through a corner connection. We thank the referee for suggesting this example.
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