Brief relaxation versus music distraction in the treatment of dental anxiety: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Journal of the American Dental Association

Volumn 139, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 317-324

  Lahmann, Claas ^a   Schoen, Rainer ^b   Henningsen, Peter ^a   Ronel, Joram ^a   Muehlbacher, Moritz ^c   Loew, Thomas ^d   Tritt, Karin ^d   Nickel, Marius ^e   Doering, Stephan ^f,g  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b Private Dental Clinic   (Germany)

^c Private Medical University   (Austria)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^e MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^f Medical University ^*

^g UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Complementary medicine; Dental anxiety; Randomized controlled clinical trials

Indexed keywords

EID: 41249094589     PISSN: 00028177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0161     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Eli I. Dental anxiety: a cause for possible misdiagnosis of tooth vitality. Int Endod J 1993;26(4):251-253.
2. Mehrstedt M, Tonnies S, Eisentraut I. Dental fears, health status, and quality of life. Anesth Prog 2004;51(3):90-94.
3. Armfield JM, Stewart JF, Spencer AJ. The vicious cycle of dental fear: exploring the interplay between oral health, service utilization and dental fear. BMC Oral Health 2007;7:1.
4. Enkling N, Marwinski G, Johren P. Dental anxiety in a representative sample of residents of a large German city. Clin Oral Investig 2006;10(1):84-91.
5. Neverlien PO. Self-reported dental experience and dental anxiety among school children in a rural district of Norway. Nor Tannlaegeforen Tid 1990;100(8):324-327.
6. Stouthard ME, Hoogstraten J. Prevalence of dental anxiety in the Netherlands. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1990;18(3):139-142.
7. Hakeberg M, Berggren U, Carlsson SG. Prevalence of dental anxiety in an adult population in a major urban area in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1992;20(2):97-101.
8. Gatchel RJ, Ingersoll BD, Bowman L, Robertson MC, Walker C. The prevalence of dental fear and avoidance: a recent survey study. JADA 1983;107(4):609-610.
9. Peretz B, Moshonov J. Dental anxiety among patients undergoing endodontic treatment. J Endod 1998;24(6):435-437.
10. Frazer M, Hampson S. Some personality factors related to dental anxiety and fear of pain. Br Dent J 1988;165(12):436-439.
11. Locker D, Liddell AM. Correlates of dental anxiety among older adults. J Dent Res 1991;70(3):198-203.
12. Lindsay S, Jackson C. Fear of routine dental treatment in adults: its nature and management. Psychol Health 1993;8:135-153.
13. de Jongh A, Fransen J, Oosterink-Wubbe F, Aartman I. Psychological trauma exposure and trauma symptoms among individuals with high and low levels of dental anxiety. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114(4): 286-292.
14. Eli I, Uziel N, Blumensohn R, Baht R. Modulation of dental anxiety: the role of past experiences, psychopathologic traits and individual attachment patterns. Br Dent J 2004;196(11):689-694.
15. Arntz A, van Eck M, Heijmans M. Prediction of dental pain: the fear of any expected evil, is worse than the evil itself. Behav Res Ther 1990;28(1):29-41.
16. Klages U, Kianifard S, Ulusoy O, Wehrbein H. Anxiety sensitivity as predictor of pain in patients undergoing restorative dental procedures. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2006;34(2):139-145.
17. Eli I, Schwartz-Arad D, Baht R, Ben-Tuvim H. Effect of anxiety on the experience of pain in implant insertion. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003;14(1):115-118.
18. Wardle J. Fear of dentistry. Br J Med Psychol 1982;55(pt 2):119-126.
19. Soh G. Effects of explanation of treatment procedures on dental fear. Clin Prev Dent 1992;14(1):10-13.
20. Moore PA, Ramsay DS, Finder RL, Laverick W. Pharmacologic modalities in the management and treatment of dental anxiety. Dent Clin North Am 1988;32(4):803-816.
21. Elmore AM. Biofeedback therapy in the treatment of dental anxiety and dental phobia. Dent Clin North Am 1988;32(4):735-744.
22. Forgione AG. Hypnosis in the treatment of dental fear and phobia. Dent Clin North Am 1988;32(4):745-761.
23. Kvale G, Berggren U, Milgrom P. Dental fear in adults: a metaanalysis of behavioral interventions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32(4):250-264.
24. Aartman IH, de Jongh A, Makkes PC, Hoogstraten J. Dental anxiety reduction and dental attendance after treatment in a dental fear clinic: a follow-up study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000;28(6): 435-442.
25. Halvorsen B, Willumsen T. Willingness to pay for dental fear treatment: is supplying dental fear treatment socially beneficial? Eur J Health Econ 2004;5(4):299-308.
26. Berggren U, Hakeberg M, Carlsson SG. Relaxation vs. cognitively oriented therapies for dental fear. J Dent Res 2000;79(9):1645-1651.
27. Logan H, Baron RS, Keeley K, Law A, Stein S. Desired control and felt control as mediators of stress in a dental setting. Health Psychol 1991;10(5):352-359.
28. Aitken JC, Wilson S, Coury D, Moursi AM. The effect of music distraction on pain, anxiety and behavior in pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent 2002;24(2):114-118.
29. Baghdadi ZD. Evaluation of audio analgesia for restorative care in children treated using electronic dental anesthesia. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2000;25(1):9-12.
30. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association.
31. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (form Y) ("self-evaluation questionnaire"). Palo Alto, Calif.: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
32. Joehren P. Validation of a questionnaire for the detection of dental anxiety. ZWR Das Deutsche Zahnaerzteblatt 1999;108:104-114.
33. Loew TH, Tritt K, Siegfried W, Bohmann H, Martus P, Hahn EG. Efficacy of "functional relaxation" in comparison to terbutaline and a "placebo relaxation" method in patients with acute asthma: a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental investigation. Psychother Psychosom 2001;70(3):151-157.
34. Muellner M. Evidence based medicine. New York City: Springer; 2002.
35. Loew TH, Siegfried W, Martus P, Tritt K, Hahn EG. "Functional relaxation" reduces acute airway obstruction in asthmatics as effectively as inhaled terbutaline. Psychother Psychosom 1996;65(3): 124-128.
36. Arnim A. Functional relaxation: psychotherapeutic tutorial. Fun-damenta Psychiatrica 1994;8:196-203.
37. Lahmann C, Loew TH, Tritt K, Nickel M. Efficacy of functional relaxation and patient education in the treatment of somatoform heart disorders: A randomized, controlled, clinical investigation. Psychosom In press.
38. Okawa K, Ichinohe T, Kaneko Y. Anxiety may enhance pain during dental treatment. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2005;46(3):51-58.
39. Mayer R. Dental treatment in children using audio-analgesia. Zahnarztl Mitt 1991;81:1370-1372.
40. Howitt JW. An evaluation of audio-analgesia effects. J Dent Child 1967;34(5):406-411.
41. Seyrek SK, Corah NL, Pace LF. Comparison of three distraction techniques in reducing stress in dental patients. JADA 1984;108(3):327-329.
42. White JM. State of the science of music interventions: critical care and perioperative practice. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2000;12(2):219-225.
43. Beck SL. The therapeutic use of music for cancer related pain. Oncol Nurs Forum 1991;18(8):1327-1337.
44. Bare LC, Dundes L. Strategies for combating dental anxiety. J Dent Educ 2004;68(11):1172-1177.
45. Corah NL, Gale EN, Pace LF, Seyrek SK. Relaxation and musical programming as means of reducing psychological stress during dental procedures. JADA 1981;103(2):232-234.
46. Moore R, Berggren U, Carlsson SG. Reliability and clinical usefulness of psychometric measures in a self-referred population of odonto-phobics. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19(6):347-351.
47. Corah NL, Gale EN, Illig SJ. Assessment of a dental anxiety scale. JADA 1978;97(5):816-819.
48. Peacock J, Kerry SM. Presenting medical statistics: From proposal to publication. New York City: Oxford University Press; 2007.
49. Gedney JJ, Logan H. Perceived control and negative affect predict expected and experienced acute clinical pain: a structural modeling analysis. Clin J Pain 2007;23(1):35-44.
50. Loew TH, Sohn R, Martus P, Tritt K, Rechlin T. Functional relaxation as a somatopsychotherapeutic intervention: a prospective controlled study. Altern Ther Health Med 2000;6(6):70-75.
51. De Jongh A, Adair P, Meijerink-Anderson M. Clinical management of dental anxiety: what works for whom? Int Dent J 2005;55(2):73-80.