Ethical considerations for military clinical psychologists: A review of selected literature

Military Psychology

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 7-20

  McCauley, Mathew ^a,d   Hughes, Jamie Hacker ^b   Liebling Kalifani, Helen ^c  

^a USAF   (United States)

^b MINISTRY OF DEFENCE   (United Kingdom)

^c Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility   (United Kingdom)

^d RAF Lakenheath IP279PN ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 41249094383     PISSN: 08995605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08995600701753128     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Adler, A. B., & Bartone, P. T. (1999). International survey of military mental health professionals. Military Medicine, 164, 788-792.
2. American Psychological Association. (1994). Military psychologists and confidentiality. American Psychologist, 49, 665.
3. American Psychological Association. (1999). The APA 1998 annual report. American Psychologist, 54, 537-568.
4. American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
5. Bennett, B. E., Bryant, B. K., VandenBos, G. R., & Greenwood, A. (1990). Professional liability and risk management. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
6. British Psychological Society. (2000). Code of conduct, ethical principles & guidelines. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society Publication.
7. British Psychological Society. (2001). Professional practice guidelines 1995: Division of clinical psychology. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society Publication.
8. Camp, N. M. (1993). The Vietnam War and the ethics of combat psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1000-1010.
9. Polen, R., Kellar, M., James, L., Porter, R., & Peterson, D. (1998). Expanding the scope of clinical practice: The physical examination. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29, 155-159.
10. Friedlander, J. N. (2005). Military psychology: An army clinical psychologist. In R. Morgan, T. L. Kuther, & C. J. Habben (Eds.), life after graduate school inpsychology (pp. 139-150). New York: Psychology Press.
11. Gamble, D. (2006). Recruitment of uniformed clinical psychologists (Internal Rep.: CA Psych, Army/UCP). London, UK: Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence.
12. Gutierrez, P. M., & Silk, K. R. (1998). Prescription privileges for psychologists: A review of the psychological literature. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29, 213-222.
13. Hacker Hughes, J. (2004a). Military psychology services in some other nations (Internal Rep.: Supplement to Annex Ato ACDMH/JHH). London, UK: Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence.
14. Hacker Hughes, J. (2004b). Military psychology services in three leading allied nations (Internal. Rep.: Annex B to ACDHM/JHH). London, UK: Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence.
15. Hacker Hughes, J. (2004c). Uniformed military clinical psychology (Internal. Rep.: ACDMH/JHH). London, UK: Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence.
16. Hacker Hughes, J., Cameron, F., Eldridge, R., Devon, M., Wessely, S., & Greenberg, N. (2005). Going to war does not have to hurt: Preliminary findings from the British deployment to Iraq. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 536-537.
17. Hayden, D. L. (1989). Should there be a psychotherapist privilege in military courts martial? Military Law Review, 123, 31-107.
18. Hines, A. H., Adler, D. N., Chang, A. S., & Rundell, J. R. (1998). Dual agency, dual relationships, boundary crossings and associated boundary violations: A survey of military and civilian psychiatrists. Military Medicine, 163, 826-833.
19. Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 35, 13-22.
20. Hotopf, M., Hull, L., Fear, N., Browne, T., Horn, O., Iversen, A., et al. (2006). The health of UK military personnel who deployed to the 2003 Iraq War. Lancet, 367, 1731-1741.
21. Howe, E. G. (1989). Confidentiality in the military. Behavioural Sciences and the Law, 7, 31.7-337.
22. Ikin, J. F., Sim, M. R., Creamer, M. C., Forbes, A. B., McKenzie, D. P., Kelsall, H. L., et al. (2004). War-related psychological stressors and risk of psychological disorders in Australian veterans of the 1.991 Gulf War. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 116-126.
23. Jeffrey, T. B., Rankin, R. J., & Jeffrey, L. K. (1992). In service of two masters: The ethical-legal dilemma faced by military psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23, 91-95.
24. Johnson, W. B. (1995). Perennial ethical quandaries in military psychology: Toward American psychological association-department of defence collaboration. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 281-287.
25. Johnson, W. B., Ralph, J., & Johnson, S. J. (2005). Managing multiple roles in embedded environments: The case of aircraft carrier psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36, 73-81.
26. Johnson, W. B., & Wilson, K. (1993). The military internship: A retrospective analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24, 312-318.
27. Leso, J. F. (2000). Confidentiality and the psychological treatment of U.S. Army aircrew members. Military Medicine, 165, 261-262.
28. Leuba, C. (1971). Military are essential. American Psychologist, 26, 515.
29. Mangelsdorff, A. D. (1989). A cross-validation study of factors affecting military psychologists decisions to remain in service: The 1984 Active Duty Psychologists' Survey. Military Psychology, 1, 241-251.
30. McCauley, M., Hacker Hughes, J., & Liebling-Kalifani, H. (2006, September). Considering the clinician: Insights into the experiences of military mental health professionals deployed to Iraq. Poster session presented at the 9th International Military Mental Health Conference, Gosport, UK.
31. Moore, B. A., & Reger, G. M. (2006). Clinician to frontline soldier: A look at the roles and challenges of army clinical psychologists in Iraq. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 395-403.
32. O'Brien, L., & Hughes, S. (1991). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in falklands veterans five years after the conflict. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 135-141.
33. Orme, D. R., & Doerman, A. L. (2001). Ethical dilemmas and U.S. Air Force clinical psychologists: A survey. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(3), 305-311.
34. Page, G. D. (1996). Clinical psychology in the military: Developments and issues. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 383-396.
35. Plante, T. (Ed.). (1999). Contemporary clinical psychology. New York: Wiley.
36. Pope, K. S., & Vetter, V. A. (1992). Ethical dilemmas encountered by members of the American Psychological Association. American Psychologist, 47, 397-411.
37. Roberts, R. (2005). British psychology's response to the Iraq War 2003-2004. Clinical Psychology Forum, 157, 24-28.
38. Saks, M. J. (1970). On Meredith Crawford's "military psychology." American Psychologist, 25, 876.
39. Sammons, M. (2005). Psychology in the public sector: Addressing the psychological effects of combat in the U.S. Navy. American Psychologist, 60, 899-909.
40. Shephard, B. (2002). A war of nerves: Soldiers and psychiatrists 1914-1994. London: Pimlico.
41. Staal, M. A., & King, R. A. (2000). Managing a multiple relationship environment: The ethics of military psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 698-705.
42. Stockman, A. F. (1990). Dual relationships in rural mental health practice: An ethical dilemma. Journal of Rural Community Psychology, 11, 31-45.
43. Turner, M. A., Kiernan, M. D., McKechanie, A. G., Finch, P. J. C., McManus, F. B., & Neal, L. A. (2005). Acute military psychiatric casualties from the war in Iraq. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 416-419.
44. Weinberger, L. E., & Sreenivasan, S. (1994). Ethical and professional conflicts in correctional psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25, 161-167.
45. Zur, O., & Gonzalez, S. (2002). Multiple relationships in military psychology. In A. A. Lazarus, & O. Zur (Eds.), Dual relationships and psychotherapy (pp. 315-328). New York: Springer.