Scutifolium jordanicum gen. et sp. nov. (Cabombaceae), an aquatic fossil plant from the Lower Cretaceous of Jordan, and the relationships of related leaf fossils to living genera

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 95, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 340-352

  Taylor, David Winship ^a   Brenner, Gilbert J ^b   Basha, Sa'd Hasan ^c  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SOUTHEAST   (United States)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN   (Jordan)

Author keywords

Cabombaceae; Fossil leaves; Lower Cretaceous; Nymphaeaceae; Nymphaeales; Paleoherbs; Phylogenetic relationships; Water lilies

Indexed keywords

CLADISTICS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CRETACEOUS; FOSSIL; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; HERB; NEW SPECIES; PALEOBOTANY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION;

ASIA; EURASIA; JORDAN; MIDDLE EAST;

CABOMBACEAE; LILIUM; NYMPHAEACEAE; NYMPHAEALES;

EID: 41249086804     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.95.3.340     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. AL-SAID, F., AND H. MUSTAFA. 1994. Pollen and spores from the Kurnub Sandstone Formation (Early Cretaceous) in North Jordan. Abhath Al-Yarmouk Pure Science and Engineering Series 3: 125-192.
2. ÁLVAREZ-RAMIS, C., M. PRÁMPARO, AND O. PAPÚ. 2004. Preliminary study of Cretaceous paleofloras from the lower part of Loncohe Formation (Mendoza, Argentina). Coloquios de Paleontología 54: 7-14.
3. AMIREH, B. S. 1997. Sedimentology and palaeogeograhy of the regressive-transgressive Kurnub Group (Early Cretaceous) of Jordan. Sedimentary Geology 112: 69-88.
4. AMIREH, B. S. 2000. The Early Cretaceous Kurnub Group of Jordan: Subdivison, characterization and depositional environment development. Neues Jahrburch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Monatshefte 2000: 29-57.
5. AMIREH, B. S., AND A. M. ABED. 1999. Depositional environments of the Kurnub Group (Early Cretaceous) in northern Jordan. Journal of African Earth Sciences 29: 449-468.
6. AMIREH, B. S., G. JARRAR, F. HENJES-KUNST, AND W. SCHNEIDER. 1998. K-Ar dating, X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy of glauconites from the Early Cretaceous Kurnub. Geological Journal 33: 49-65.
7. APG [ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP]. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399-436.
8. BARKMAN, T. J., G. CHENERY, J. R. MCNEAL, J. LYONS-WEILER, AND C. W. DEPAMPHILIS. 2000. Independent and combined analyses of sequence from all three genomic compartments converge on the root of flowering plant phylogeny. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 97: 13166-13171.
9. BASHA, S. H. 1983. Contribution to the Jurassic shoreline in Jordan and nearby countries and its oil implications. Iraqi Journal of Science 24: 161-177.
10. BEYDOUN, Z. R., A. R. I. FUTYAN, AND A. H. JAWZI. 1994. Jordan revisited: Hydrocarbons habitat and potential. Journal of Petroleum Geology 17: 177-194.
11. BORSCH, T., K. W. HILU, D. QUANDT, V. WILDE, C. NEINHUIS, AND W. BARTHLOTT. 2003. Non-coding plastid trnT-trnF sequences reveal a well resolved phylogeny of basal angiosperms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 558-576.
12. BORSCH, T., K. W. HILU, J. H. WIERSEMA, C. LÖHNE, W. BARTHLOTT, AND V. WILDE. 2007. Phylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. International Journal of Plant Sciences 168: 639-671.
13. BRENNER, G. J. 1976. Middle Cretaceous floral provinces and early migrations of angiosperms. In C. B. Beck [ed.], Origin and early evolution of angiosperms, 23-47. Colombia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
14. BRENNER, G. J. 1996. Evidence for the earliest stage of angiosperm pollen evolution: A paleoequatorial section from Israel. In D. W. Taylor and L. J. Hickey [eds.], Flowering plant origin, evolution and phylogeny, 91-115. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.
15. BRENNER, G. J., AND I. BICKOFF. 1992. Palynology and age of the Lower Cretaceous basal Kurnub Group from the coastal plain to the north Negev of Israel. Palynology 16: 137-185.
16. BROWN, R. W. 1933. Fossil plants from the Aspen shale of southwestern Wyoming. U. S. National Museum Proceedings, 82, 1-10
17. CARPENTER, K. J. 2006. Specialized structures in the leaf epidermis of basal angiosperms: Morphology, distribution, and homology. American Journal of Botany 93: 665-681.
18. CEVALLOS-FERRIZ, S. R. S., AND R. A. STOCKEY. 1989. Permineralized fruits and seeds from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia: Nymphaeaceae. Botanical Gazette (Chicago, Ill.) 150: 207-217.
19. CHASE, M. W., D. E. SOLTIS, R. G. OLMSTEAD, D. MORGAN, D. H. LES, B. D. MISCHLER, M. R. DUVALL, ET AL. 1993. Phylogenetics of seed plants: An analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 528-580.
20. COLLINSON, M. E. 1980. Recent and Tertiary seeds of the Nymphaeaceae sensu lato with a revision of Brasenia ovula (Brong.) Reid and Chandler. Annals of Botany 46: 603-632.
21. COOK, C. D. K. 1996. Aquatic plant book. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands.
22. CRABTREE, D. R. 1987. Angiosperms of the northern Rocky Mountains: Albian to Campanian (Cretaceous) megafossil floras. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 74: 707-747.
23. CRONQUIST, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
24. DALLWITZ, J. J., T. A. PAINE, AND E. J. ZURCHER. 2006. Inkey for Windows, version 5.11. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia.
25. DILCHER, D. L. 1974. Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Botanical Review 40: 1-157.
26. DOBRUSKINA, I. A. 1997. Turonian plants from the southern Negev, Israel. Cretaceous Research 17: 1-21.
27. DOYLE, J. A., AND L. J. HICKEY. 1976. Pollen and leaves from the mid-Cretaceous Potomac Group and their bearing on early angiosperm evolution. In C. B. Beck [ed.], Origin and early evolution of angiosperms, 139-206. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
28. DUARTE, L., AND R. SILVA SANTOS. 1993. Plant and fish megafossils of the Codó Formation, Parnaíba Basin, NE Brazil. Cretaceous Research 14: 735-746.
29. EDWARDS, W. N. 1926. Fossil plants from the Nubian Sandstone of eastern Darfur. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 32: 94-100.
30. EKLUND, H., J. A. DOYLE, AND P. S. HERENDEEN. 2004. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of living and fossil Chloranthaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 165: 107-151.
31. FEILD, T. S., AND N. C. ARENS. 2005. Form, function and environments of the early angiosperms: Merging extant phylogeny and ecophysiology with fossils. The New Phytologist 166: 383-408.
32. FRIIS, E. M., K. R. PEDERSEN, AND P. R. CRANE. 2001. Fossil evidence of water lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous. Nature 410: 357-360.
33. FRIIS, E. M., J. A. DOYLE, P. K. ENDRESS, AND Q. LENG. 2003. Archaefructus - Angiosperm precursor or specialized early angiosperm? Trends in Plant Science 8: 369-373.
34. GANDOLFO, M. A., K. C. NIXON, AND W. L. CREPET. 2004. Cretaceous flowers of Nymphaeaceae and implications for complex insect entrapment pollination mechanisms in early angiosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 8056-8060.
35. GEE, C. T., AND T. MÖRS. 2001. Aquatic macrophytes from the upper Oligocene fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). Part I. Seeds. Palaeontographica, Abteilung. 259: 33-45.
36. HANSEN, B., AND K. RAHN. 1969. Determination of angiosperm families by means of a punched-card system. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 26: 1-46, 172 punched cards.
37. HANSEN, B., AND K. RAHN. 1972. Determination of angiosperm families by means of a punched-card system. Additions and corrections I. Botanisk Tidsskrift 67: 152-153.
38. HANSEN, B., AND K. RAHN. 1979. Determination of angiosperm families by means of a punched-card system. Additions and corrections II. Botanisk Tidsskrift 74: 177-178.
39. HASSAN, H. M. 1973. Fossil flora of Umm Badda, Omburman. Sudan Notes and Records 54: 153-167.
40. HEER, O. 1870. Die Miocene Flora und Fauna Spitzbergens. Kunliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 8: 1-98.
41. HICKEY, L. J. 1973. Classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. American Journal of Botany 60: 17-33.
42. HICKEY, L. J. 1979. A revised classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. In C. R. Metcalfe and L. Chalk [eds.], Anatomy of the dicotyledons, 25-39. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
43. HICKEY, L. J. 1992. Paleobiology of early angiosperms: Evidence from sedimentological associations in the Early Cetaceous Potomac Group of eastern U.S.A. The Paleontological Society Special Publications 6: 128.
44. HICKEY, L. J., AND J. A. DOYLE. 1977. Early Cretaceous fossil evidence for angiosperm evolution. Botanical Review 43: 3-104.
45. HICKEY, L. J., AND D. W. TAYLOR. 1991. The leaf architecture of Ticodendron and the application of foliar characters in discerning its relationships. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78: 105-130.
46. HICKEY, L. J., AND J. A. WOLFE. 1975. The bases of angiosperm phylogeny: Vegetative morphology. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 538-589.
47. HOLLICK, C. A. 1930. The Upper Cretaceous floras of Alaska, with a description of the plant bearing beds by George C. Martin. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
48. IRISH, V. F., AND A. LITT. 2005. Flower development and evolution: Gene duplication, diversification and redeployment. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 15: 454-460.
49. JI, Q., H. LI, L. M. BOWE, Y. LIU, AND D. W. TAYLOR. 2004. Early Cretaceous Archaefructus eoflora sp. nov. with bisexual flowers from Beipiao, Western Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 78: 883-896.
50. KAUL, R. B. 1976. Anatomical observations on floating leaves. Aquatic Botany 2: 215-234.
51. KRASSILOV, V. A., Z. LEWY, E. NEVO, AND N. SILANTIEVA. 2005. Late Cretaceous (Turonian) flora of southern Negev, Israel. Pensoft Publishers, Moscow, Russia.
52. LEAF ARCHITECTURE WORKING GROUP. 1999. Manual of leaf architecture. Leaf Architecture Working Group of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA.
53. LEJAL-NICOL, A., AND W. DOMINIK. 1990. Sur la Paleoflore a Weishseliaceae et a Angiospermes du Cenomanien de la region de Bahariya (Egypte du Sud-Ouest). Berliner Geowissenschftliche Abhandlunger 120: 957-922.
54. LES, D. H., E. L. SCHNEIDER, D. J. PADGETT, P. S. SOLTIS, D. E. SOLTIS, AND M. ZANIS. 1999. Phylogeny, classification and floral evolution of water lilies (Nymphaeaceae; Nymphaeales): A synthesis of nonmolecular, rbcL, matK, and 18S rDNA data. Systematic Botany 24: 28-46.
55. LÖHNE, C., AND T. BORSCH. 2005. Molecular evolution and phylogenetic utility of the petD group II intron: A case study in basal angiosperms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22: 317-332.
56. MAI, D. H. 1995. Tertiäre Vegetationsgeschichte Europas. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany.
57. MAI, D. H., AND H. WALTHER. 1991. Die oligozänen und untermiozänen Floren Nordwest-Sachsens und des Bitterfelder Raumes. Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden 38: 1-230.
58. MCIVER, E. E., AND J. F. BASINGER. 1993. Fossil flora of the Ravenscrag Formation (Paleocene), southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 10: 1-167.
59. MOHR, B. A. R., M. E. C. BERNARDES-DE- OLIVEIRA, G. BARALE, AND M. OUAJA. In press a. Palaeogeographic distribution and ecology of a basal angiosperm, Trifurcatia choffatii (Saporta sensu Teixeira) n. comb. during the Aptian of southern Laurasia and northern Gondwana. Cretaceous Research.
60. MOHR, B. A. R., M. E. C. BERNARDES-DE- OLIVEIRA, AND D. W. TAYLOR. In press b. Pluricarpellatia, a nymphaealean angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Gondwana (Crato Formation, Brazil). Taxon.
61. MOHR, B. A. R., AND E. M. FRIIS. 2000. Early angiosperms from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil), a preliminary report. International Journal of Plant Sciences 161: S155-S167.
62. MULLER, J. 1981. Fossil pollen records of extant angiosperms. Botanical Review 47: 1-142.
63. MULLER, J. 1984. Significance of fossil pollen for angiosperm history. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 71: 419-443.
64. OGG, J. G., F. P. AGTERBERG, AND F. M. GRADSTEIN. 2004. Cretaceous Period. In F. M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, and Alan G. Smith [ed.], A geologic time scale. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
65. PADGETT, D. J., D. H. LES, AND G. E. CROW. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships in Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from morphology, chloroplast DNA, and nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany 86: 1316-1324.
66. QIU, Y.-L., J. LEE, F. BERNASCONI- QUADRONI, D. E. SOLTIS, P. S. SOLTIS, M. ZANIS, E. A. ZIMMER, Z. CHEN, V. SAVOLAINEN, AND M. W. CHASE. 1999. The earliest angiosperms: Evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes. Nature 402: 404-407.
67. QUMMOU, S., W. A. JASSAR, V. ARAD, AND Y. BARTOV. 1997. Bibliography of Middle East geology. Part 1, Jordan. Natural Resources Authority of Jordan, Geological Society of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
68. RIEMER, D. N. 1984. Introduction to freshwater vegetation. AVI Pubications, Westport, Connecticut, USA.
69. SAPORTA, M. 1894. Flore fossile de Portugal. Direction des Travaux Géologiques de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal.
70. SCHNEIDER, E. L., AND P. S. WILLIAMSON. 1993. Nymphaeaceae. In K. Kubitzki, [ed.], The families and genera of flowering plants, vol. II. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
71. SCHRANK, E., AND L. RÜFFLE. 2003. The Late Cretaceous leaf flora from Jebel Mudaha, Sudan. Courier Forschungs institut Senckenberg 241: 119-129.
72. SCOTESE, C. R. 2001. Early Cretaceous climate. Website http://www.scotese.com/ecretcli.htm (PALEOMAP website) [accessed 3 May 2006].
73. SCULTHORPE, C. D. 1967. The biology of aquatic vascular plants. Edward Arnold, London, UK.
74. SKELTON, P. W., R. A. SPICER, S. P. KELLEY, AND I. GILMOUR. 2003. The Cretaceous world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
75. SOLTIS, P. S., D. E. SOLTIS, AND M. W. CHASE. 1999. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from multiple genes as a tool for comparative biology. Nature 402: 402-404.
76. SOLTIS, P. S., D. E. SOLTIS, M. W. CHASE, M. E. MORT, D. C. ALBACH, M. ZANIS, V. SAVOLAINEN, W. H. HAHN, S. B. HOOT, M. F. FAY, M. AXTELL, S. M. SWENSEN, L. M. PRINCE, W. J. KRESS, K. C. NIXON, AND J. S. FARRIS. 2000. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 381-461.
77. SOLTIS, P. S., D. E. SOLTIS, V. SAVOLAINEN, P. R. CRANE, AND T. G. BARRACLOUGH. 2002. Rate heterogeneity among lineages of tracheophytes: Integration of molecular and fossil data and evidence for molecular living fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99: 4430-4435.
78. SUN, G., D. L. DILCHER, S. ZHENG, AND Z. ZHOU. 1998. In search of the first flower: A Jurassic angiosperm, Archaefructus, from northeast China. Science 282: 1692-1695.
79. SUN, G., Q. JI, D. L. DILCHER, S. L. ZHENG, K. NIXON, AND X. F. WANG. 2002. Archaefructaceae, a new basal angiosperm family. Science 296: 899-904.
80. SWOFFORD, D. L. 2002. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
81. TAYLOR, D. W. 1988. Paleobiogeographic relationships of the Paleogene flora from the southeastern U.S.A.: Implications for West Gondwanaland affinities. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66: 265-275.
82. TAYLOR, D. W. 1990. Paleobiogeographic relationships of angiosperms from the Cretaceous and early Tertiary of the North American area. Botanical Review 56: 279-417.
83. TAYLOR, D. W. 1991. Paleogeographic relationships of Andean angiosperms of Cretaceous to Pliocene age. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 88: 69-84.
84. TAYLOR, D. W. 1995. Cretaceous to Tertiary geologic and angiosperm paleobiogeographic history of the Andes. In S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn [eds.], Biodiversity and conservation of neotropical montane forests, 3-9. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY, USA
85. TAYLOR, D. W. In press. Phylogenetic analysis of the Nymphaeales based on leaf and leaf architectural characters. Taxon.
86. TAYLOR, D. W., AND L. J. HICKEY. 1996. Evidence for and implications of an herbaceous origin for angiosperms. In D. W. Taylor and L. J. Hickey [eds.], Flowering plant origin, evolution & phylogeny, 232-266. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.
87. TAYLOR, W., M. L. DEVORE, AND K. B. PIGG. 2006. Susiea newsalemae, gen. et sp. nov. (Nymphaeaceae): Euryale-like seeds from the late Paleocene Almont flora, North Dakota, U.S.A. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 1271-1278.
88. TEIXEIRA, C. 1948. Flora mesozoica portuguesa. Geological Survey of Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal.
89. UPCHURCH, G., AND J. WOLFE. 2005. Re-examination of foliage of Nelumbonaceae from the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of North America. In Proceedings of Botany 2005, annual meeting of Botanical Society of America in Austin, Texas, USA, abstract 374. Website http://www.2005.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail& *aid=374.
90. UPCHURCH, G. R. JR, P. R. CRANE, AND A. N. DRINNAN. 1994. The megaflora from the Quantico locality (Middle to Upper Albian), Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group of Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir 4: 1-58.
91. WANG, H., AND D. L. DILCHER. 2006. Aquatic angiosperms from the Dakota Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Hoisington III Locality, Kansas, USA. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 385-401.
92. WATSON, L., AND M. J. DALLWITZ. 1992. The families of flowering plants: Descriptions and information retrieval. Website http://deltaintkey.com [accessed 3 May 2006].
93. WILLIAMSON, P. S., AND E. L. SCHNEIDER. 1993. Cabombaceae. In K. Kubitzki, J. G. Rohwer, and V. Bittrich [eds.], The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. II, 157-160. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
94. YOO, M.-J., C. D. BELL, P. S. SOLTIS, AND D. E. SOLTIS. 2005. Divergence times and historical biogeography of Nymphaeales. Systematic Botany 30: 693-704.
95. ZANIS, M. I., D. E. SOLTIS, P. S. SOLTIS, S. MATHEWS, AND M. J. DONOGHUE. 2002. The root of the angiosperms revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99: 6848-6853.
96. ZHANG, L.-B., AND S. S. RENNER. 2003. The deepest splits in Chloranthaceae as resolved by chloroplast sequences. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164 (5 Supplement): S383-S392.
97. ZIMMER, E. A., R. K. HAMBY, M. L. ARNOLD, D. A. LEBLANC, AND E. C. THERIOT. 1989. Ribosomal RNA phylogenies and flowering plant evolution. In B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, and H. Jornvall [eds.], The hierarchy of life, 205-214. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.