Water and nutrient fluxes off Northwest Africa

Continental Shelf Research

Volumn 28, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 915-936

  Pastor, Maria V ^a   Pelegrí, Josep L ^a   Hernández Guerra, Alonso ^b   Font, Jordi ^a   Salat, Jordi ^a   Emelianov, Mikhail ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Cape Verde; Central waters; Coastal upwelling; Double diffusion; Frontal features; Geographic bounding coordinates (17 26 N) (22 14 W); Interleaving; Transport processes

Indexed keywords

COASTAL ZONE; NUTRIENT BUDGET; TRANSITION ZONE; TRANSPORT PROCESS; UPWELLING; WATER MASS;

AFRICA; ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CAPE BLANC; CAPE VERDE; MACARONESIA;

EID: 41149145037     PISSN: 02784343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2008.01.011     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Arfi R. Interannual variability of the north Mauritanian upwelling from 1955 to 1982. Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Newsletter 33 (1985) 1-3
2. Arhan M., Colin de Verdière A., and Mémery L. The eastern boundary of the subtropical North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24 (1994) 1295-1316
3. Ballester A., Cruzado A., Julià A., Manríquez M., and Salat J. Análisis automático y continuo de las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del mar. Publicaciones Técnicas Patronato "Juan de la Cierva" 1 (1972) 1-72
4. Barton E.D., and Hughes P. Variability of water mass interleaving off NW Africa. Journal of Marine Research 40 (1982) 963-984
5. Bauer E., and Siedler G. The relative contributions of advection and diapycnal mixing below the sub-tropical salinity maximum. Deep-Sea Research A 35 (1988) 811-837
6. Bunker A.F. Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction cycles of the North Atlantic ocean. Monthly Weather Review 104 (1976) 1122-1140
7. Cruzado A., and Manríquez M. Datos hidrográficos de la Campaña "Atlor III" en la región de afloramiento entre cabo Bojador y Punta Durnford (Sahara español). Resultados de Expediciones Científicas B/O Cornide 3 (1974) 89-115
8. Csanady G.T. The pressure field along the western margin of the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research 84 (1979) 4905-4914
9. Elmoussaoui A., Arhan M., and Treguier A.M. Model-inferred upper ocean circulation in the eastern tropics of the North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research I 52 (2005) 1093-1120
10. Fraga F. Distribution des masses d'eau dans l'upwelling de Mauritanie. Thetys 6 (1974) 5-10
11. Fraga F., and Manríquez M. Hidrografía de la región de afloramiento del noroeste de África. Datos básicos de la campaña Atlor II del Cornide de Saavedra. Resultados de Expediciones Científicas B/O Cornide 3 (1974) 67-87
12. Frantantoni D.M., Johnson W.E., Townsend T.L., and Hurlburt H.E. Low-latitude circulation and mass transport pathways in a model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 30 (2000) 1944-1966
13. Gabric A.J., García L., Van Camp L., Nykjaer L., Eifler W., and Schrimpf W. Offshore export of shelf production in the Cap Blanc giant filament as derived from CZCS imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 4697-4712
14. Hagen E. Northwest African upwelling scenario. Oceanologica Acta 24 Supplement (2001) S113-S128
15. Hagen E. Zonal wavelengths of planetary Rossby waves derived from hydrographic transects in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean?. Journal of Oceanography 61 (2005) 1039-1046
16. Hempel, G. (Ed.), 1982. The Canary Current: Studies of an upwelling system. ICES, Rapports et procés-verbaux des réunions-Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 180, Copenhagen, Denmark.
17. Hernández-Guerra A., and Nykjaer L. Sea surface temperature variability off north-west Africa: 1981-1989. International Journal for Remote Sensing 18 (1997) 2539-2558
18. Hsiung J. Mean surface energy fluxes over the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 91 (1986) 10585-10606
19. Hughes P., and Barton E.D. Stratification and water mass structure in the upwelling area off Northwest Africa in April/May 1969. Deep-Sea Research 21 (1974) 611-628
20. Kawase M., and Sarmiento J.L. Nutrients in the Atlantic thermocline. Journal of Geophysical Research 90 (1985) 8961-8979
21. Keyte F.K. On the formulas correcting reverse thermometers. Deep Sea Research 12 (1965) 163-172
22. Klein B., and Tomczak M. Identification of diapycnal mixing through optimum multiparameter analysis. 2. Evidence for unidirectional diapycnal mixing in the front between North and South Atlantic Central Water. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (1994) 25275-25280
23. Lamb P.J. On the mixed-layer climatology of the north and tropical Atlantic. Tellus 36 (1984) 292-305
24. Machín F.J., Hernández-Guerra A., and Pelegrí J.L. Mass fluxes in the Canary Basin. Progress in Oceanography 70 (2006) 416-447
25. Manríquez M., and Fraga F. Hidrografía de la región de afloramiento del noroeste de África- Campaña "Atlor VII". Resultados de Expediciones Científicas B/O Cornide 7 (1978) 1-32
26. Manríquez M., and Rucabado J. Área de afloramiento del N. W. de África, 23°30′N-26°10′N; octubre de 1975 (Campaña Atlor VI). Datos Informativos, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras 1 (1976) 1-184
27. Manríquez M., Rubies P., and Cruzado A. Datos hidrográficos de la región de afloramiento del NW de África. Campaña Atlor V entre cabo Bojador y cabo Blanco. Resultados de Expediciones Científicas B/O Cornide 5 (1976) 123-160
28. Mittelstaedt E. The ocean boundary along the Northwest African coast: Circulation and oceanographic properties at the sea surface. Progress in Oceanography 26 (1991) 307-355
29. Müller T.J., and Siedler G. Multi-year current time series in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Marine Research 50 (1992) 63-98
30. Nykjaer L., and Van Camp L. Seasonal and interannual variability of coastal upwelling along Northwest Africa and Portugal from 1981 to 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (1994) 14197-14207
31. Pelegrí J.L., and Csanady G.T. Nutrient transport and mixing in the Gulf Stream. Journal of Geophysical Research 96 (1991) 2577-2583
32. Pelegrí J.L., Sangrà P., and Hernández-Guerra A. Heat gain in the eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre. In: Díaz J.I. (Ed). The Mathematics of Models for Climate Change and Environment vol. I 48 (1997), NATO ASI Series, Berlin Heidelberg 419-436
33. Pelegrí J.L., Arístegui J., Cana L., González-Dávila M., Hernández-Guerra A., Hernández-León S., Marrero-Díaz A., Montero M.F., Sangrà P., and Santana-Casiano M. Coupling between the open ocean and the coastal upwelling region off northwest Africa: water recirculation and offshore pumping of organic matter. Journal of Marine Systems 54 (2005) 3-37
34. Pelegrí J.L., Marrero-Díaz A., and Ratsimandresy A. Nutrient irrigation of the North Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography 70 (2006) 366-406
35. Poole R., and Tomczak M. Optimum multiparameter analysis of the water mass structure in the Atlantic Ocean thermocline. Deep-Sea Research I 46 (1999) 1895-1921
36. Price J.M., and Maagard L. Interannual baroclinic Rossby waves in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography 16 (1986) 2061-2270
37. Reid J.L. On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean: flow patterns, tracers, and transports. Progress in Oceanography 33 (1994) 1-92
38. Roy C. Les upwelling: le cadre physique des pecheries cotieres oust-africaines. In: Curyard P., and Roy C. (Eds). Pecheries cotieres oust-africaines: variabilite, instabilite et changement (1991), ORSTOM, Paris 38-66
39. Ruddick B. A practical indicator of the stability of the water column to double-diffusive activity. Deep-Sea Research A 30 (1983) 1105-1107
40. Ruddick B., and Gargett A.E. Oceanic double-diffusion: introduction. Progress in Oceanography 56 (2003) 381-393
41. Santos A.M.P., Kazmin A.S., and Péliz A. Decadal changes in the Canary upwelling system as revealed by satellite observations: their impact on productivity. Journal of Marine Research 63 (2005) 359-379
42. Sarmiento J.L., Rooth C.G., and Roether W. The North Atlantic tritium distribution in 1972. Journal of Geophysical Research 87 (1982) 8047-8056
43. Sarmiento J.L., Gruber N., Brzezinski M., and Dunne J.P. High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 427 (2004) 56-60
44. Schlitzer, R., 2007. Ocean Data View, 〈http//:odv.awi.de〉.
45. Schmitt R.W. On the density ratio balance in the central water. Journal of Physical Oceanography 20 (1990) 900-906
46. Schmitt R.W., Bodgen P.S., and Dorman C.E. Evaporation minus precipitation and density fluxes for the North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography 19 (1989) 1208-1221
47. Siedler G., and Finke M. Long-period transport changes in the eastern North Atlantic and their simulation by propagating waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 2393-2406
48. Siedler G., Zangenberg N., Onken R., and Morlière A. Seasonal changes in the tropical Atlantic circulation: observation and simulation of the Guinea Dome. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (1992) 703-715
49. Speth P., and Detlefsen H. Meteorological influences on upwelling off northwest Africa. Rapports et procés-verbaux des réunions-Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer Méditerranée 180 (1982) 29-34
50. St. Laurent L., and Schmitt R.W. The contribution of salt fingers to vertical mixing in the North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment. Journal of Physical Oceanography 29 (1999) 1404-1424
51. Stramma L., and Siedler G. Seasonal changes in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (1988) 8111-8118
52. Strickland J.D.H., and Parsons T.R. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 167 (1968) 1-311
53. Takahashi T., Broeker W.S., and Langer S. Redfiel ratio based on chemical data from isopycnal surfaces. Journal of Geophysical Research 90 (1985) 6907-6924
54. Tomczak M. An analysis of mixing in the frontal zone of South and North Atlantic Central Water off Northwest Africa. Progress in Oceanography 10 (1981) 173-192
55. Tomczak M. Ausbreitung und Vermischung der Zentralwassermassen in den Tropengebieten der Ozeane, 1. Atlantischer Ozean. Oceanologica Acta 7 (1984) 145-158
56. Turner J.S. Buoyancy Effects in Fluids (1973), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
57. UNESCO. International Oceanographic Tables (1966), National Institute of Oceanography, Great Britain and UNESCO, Paris
58. Williams R.G., Roussenov V., and Follows M.J. Nutrient streams and their induction into the mixed layer. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20 1 (2006) GB1016 10.1029/2005GB002586
59. Wooster W.S., Bakun A., and McLain D.R. The seasonal upwelling cycle along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic. Journal of Marine Research 34 (1976) 131-141
60. Wu J. Wind-stress coefficients over sea-surface near neutral conditions-A revisit. Journal of Physical Oceanography 10 (1980) 727-740
61. Yamagata T., and Iizuka S. Simulation of the tropical thermal domes in the Atlantic: a seasonal cycle. Journal of Physical Oceanography 25 (1995) 2129-2140
62. You Y. A global ocean climatological atlas of the Turner angle: implications for double-diffusion and water-mass structure. Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 2075-2093
63. Zenk W., Klein B., and Schröder M. Cape Verde frontal zone. Deep-Sea Research 38 (1991) S505-S530
64. Zhang D., McPhaden M.J., and Johns W.E. Observational evidence for flow between the subtropical and tropical Atlantic: the Atlantic subtropical cells. Journal of Physical Oceanography 33 (2003) 1783-1979