메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 103-112

Ecotoxicity testing: Science, politics and ethics

Author keywords

Alternatives; Biomarkers; Ecotoxicity testing; Environmental risk assessment; Pesticides; Populations; REACH

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL WELFARE; ECOTOXICITY; ETHICS; NONHUMAN; NOTE; POLITICS; POLLUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCIENCE; TOXICITY TESTING;

EID: 41149144165     PISSN: 02611929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026119290803600111     Document Type: Note
Times cited : (8)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 41149109948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. (2003). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency and amending Directive 1999/45/ec and Regulation (EC) {on Persistent Organic Pollutants} COM(2003) 644 final, 1321pp. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities.
    • Anon. (2003). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency and amending Directive 1999/45/ec and Regulation (EC) {on Persistent Organic Pollutants} COM(2003) 644 final, 1321pp. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities.
  • 2
    • 41149158979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemicals in Products - Safeguarding the Environment and Human Health
    • Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution , 291pp. London, UK: Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Available at:, Accessed 14.01.08
    • Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (2003). Chemicals in Products - Safeguarding the Environment and Human Health, 24th Report, Cm5827, 291pp. London, UK: Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Available at: http://www.rcep.org.uk/chemicals.htm (Accessed 14.01.08).
    • (2003) 24th Report, Cm5827
  • 3
    • 0346994787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRAME and the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution: Common recommendations for assessing risks posed by chemicals under the EC REACH system
    • Combes, R.D., Dandrea, J. & Balls, M. (2003). FRAME and the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution: Common recommendations for assessing risks posed by chemicals under the EC REACH system. ATLA 31, 529-535.
    • (2003) ATLA , vol.31 , pp. 529-535
    • Combes, R.D.1    Dandrea, J.2    Balls, M.3
  • 4
    • 33745845479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotoxicity testing of chemicals with particular reference to pesticides
    • Walker, C.H. (2006). Ecotoxicity testing of chemicals with particular reference to pesticides. Pest Management Science 62, 571-583.
    • (2006) Pest Management Science , vol.62 , pp. 571-583
    • Walker, C.H.1
  • 6
    • 0003176790 scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 91/414/EEC of the European Communities of July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market
    • Anon
    • Anon. (1991). Council Directive 91/414/EEC of the European Communities of July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. Official Journal of the European Communities L 230, 1-29.
    • (1991) Official Journal of the European Communities , vol.L 230 , pp. 1-29
  • 7
    • 0004257141 scopus 로고
    • 304pp. Boston, MA, USA: Houghton Miffin
    • Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring, 304pp. Boston, MA, USA: Houghton Miffin.
    • (1962) Silent Spring
    • Carson, R.1
  • 8
    • 84953247766 scopus 로고
    • Overview with observations on risk assessment and management
    • ed. P. Calow, pp, Oxford, UK: Blackwell
    • Calow, P. (1994). Overview with observations on risk assessment and management. In Handbook of Ecotoxicology (ed. P. Calow), pp. 465-468. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
    • (1994) Handbook of Ecotoxicology , pp. 465-468
    • Calow, P.1
  • 10
    • 0004212945 scopus 로고
    • 274pp. London, UK: Collins
    • Potts, G.R. (1986). The Partridge, 274pp. London, UK: Collins.
    • (1986) The Partridge
    • Potts, G.R.1
  • 11
    • 0002891567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cereal farming, pesticides and grey partridges
    • ed. D.J. Pain & M.W. Penkowski, pp, London, UK: Academic Press
    • Potts, G.R. (1997). Cereal farming, pesticides and grey partridges. In Farming and Birds in Europe (ed. D.J. Pain & M.W. Penkowski), pp. 150-177. London, UK: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Farming and Birds in Europe , pp. 150-177
    • Potts, G.R.1
  • 12
    • 41149083855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can pesticides cause reductions in bird populations?
    • ed. H.M. Van Emden & M. Rothschild, pp, Andover, Hampshire, UK: Intercept Publishers
    • Avery, M.I., Evans, A.D. & Campbell, L.H. (2004). Can pesticides cause reductions in bird populations? In Insect and Bird Interactions (ed. H.M. Van Emden & M. Rothschild), pp. 109-131. Andover, Hampshire, UK: Intercept Publishers.
    • (2004) Insect and Bird Interactions , pp. 109-131
    • Avery, M.I.1    Evans, A.D.2    Campbell, L.H.3
  • 16
    • 0004290603 scopus 로고
    • 396pp. Calton, Staffordshire, UK: Poyser
    • Newton, I. (1986). The Sparrowhawk, 396pp. Calton, Staffordshire, UK: Poyser.
    • (1986) The Sparrowhawk
    • Newton, I.1
  • 17
    • 0004182694 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn, 454pp. Calton, Staffordshire, UK: Poyser
    • Ratcliffe, D.A. (1993). The Peregrine Falcon, 2nd edn, 454pp. Calton, Staffordshire, UK: Poyser.
    • (1993) The Peregrine Falcon
    • Ratcliffe, D.A.1
  • 18
    • 0031984588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical appraisal of the evidence for TBT-mediated endocrine disruption in molluscs
    • Matthiessen, P. & Gibbs, P.E. (1998). Critical appraisal of the evidence for TBT-mediated endocrine disruption in molluscs. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 17, 37-43.
    • (1998) Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry , vol.17 , pp. 37-43
    • Matthiessen, P.1    Gibbs, P.E.2
  • 19
    • 0003886878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gilbertson, M, Fox, G.A. & Bowerman, W.W, eds, 258pp. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Gilbertson, M., Fox, G.A. & Bowerman, W.W. (eds) (1998). Trends in Levels and Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes, 258pp. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (1998) Trends in Levels and Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes
  • 21
    • 0002014299 scopus 로고
    • DDE-induced eggshell thinning: An environmental detective story
    • Peakall, D.B. (1993). DDE-induced eggshell thinning: An environmental detective story. Environmental Reviews 1, 13-20.
    • (1993) Environmental Reviews , vol.1 , pp. 13-20
    • Peakall, D.B.1
  • 23
    • 0034087813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological measures of neurotoxicity of diazinon and malathion, and their correlation with behavioural measures
    • Beauvais, S.L., Jones, S.B., Brewer, S.K & Little, E. (2000). Physiological measures of neurotoxicity of diazinon and malathion, and their correlation with behavioural measures. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 19, 1875-1880.
    • (2000) Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry , vol.19 , pp. 1875-1880
    • Beauvais, S.L.1    Jones, S.B.2    Brewer, S.K.3    Little, E.4
  • 24
    • 10644231932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative thresholds for AChase: Inhibition and behavioural impairment in Coho salmon exposed to chlorpyriphos
    • Sandahl, J.F., Baldwin, D.H. & Jenkins, J.J. (2005). Comparative thresholds for AChase: inhibition and behavioural impairment in Coho salmon exposed to chlorpyriphos. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 24, 136-145.
    • (2005) Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry , vol.24 , pp. 136-145
    • Sandahl, J.F.1    Baldwin, D.H.2    Jenkins, J.J.3
  • 25
    • 0023583850 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of avian impact assessment techniques following broad scale forest insecticide spraying
    • Mineau, P. & Peakall, D.B. (1987). An evaluation of avian impact assessment techniques following broad scale forest insecticide spraying. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 6, 781-789.
    • (1987) Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry , vol.6 , pp. 781-789
    • Mineau, P.1    Peakall, D.B.2
  • 26
    • 0025595559 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aerial spraying of fenitrothion on breeding white-throated sparrows
    • Busby, D.G., White, L.M. & Pearce, P.A. (1990). Effects of aerial spraying of fenitrothion on breeding white-throated sparrows. Journal of Applied Ecology 27, 743-755.
    • (1990) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 743-755
    • Busby, D.G.1    White, L.M.2    Pearce, P.A.3
  • 27
    • 0031467593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DDE-induced eggshell thinning in birds; effects of DDE on the calcium and prostaglandin metabolism of the eggshell gland
    • Lundholm, C.E. (1997). DDE-induced eggshell thinning in birds; effects of DDE on the calcium and prostaglandin metabolism of the eggshell gland. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology 118C, 113-128.
    • (1997) Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology , vol.118 C , pp. 113-128
    • Lundholm, C.E.1
  • 28
    • 32044473572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine insecticides and raptors in Britain
    • ed. H.F. Van Emden & M. Rothschild, pp, Andover, Hampshire, UK: Intercept Publishers
    • Walker, C.H. (2004). Organochlorine insecticides and raptors in Britain. In Insect and Bird Interactions (ed. H.F. Van Emden & M. Rothschild), pp. 133-148. Andover, Hampshire, UK: Intercept Publishers.
    • (2004) Insect and Bird Interactions , pp. 133-148
    • Walker, C.H.1
  • 31
    • 33846915536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated decision-tree testing strategies for environmental toxicity with respect to the requirements of EU REACH legislation
    • Grindon, C., Combes, R., Cronin, M.T.D., Roberts, D.W. & Garrod, J. (2006). Integrated decision-tree testing strategies for environmental toxicity with respect to the requirements of EU REACH legislation. ATLA 34, 651-664.
    • (2006) ATLA , vol.34 , pp. 651-664
    • Grindon, C.1    Combes, R.2    Cronin, M.T.D.3    Roberts, D.W.4    Garrod, J.5
  • 33
    • 0021428756 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structure activity relationships and toxicity studies of mixtures of chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute lethal and sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna
    • Hermans, J., Canton, H., Janssen, P. & de Jong, R. (1984). Quantitative structure activity relationships and toxicity studies of mixtures of chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute lethal and sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicology 5, 143-154.
    • (1984) Aquatic Toxicology , vol.5 , pp. 143-154
    • Hermans, J.1    Canton, H.2    Janssen, P.3    de Jong, R.4
  • 34
    • 0019517032 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structure activity relationships in fish toxicity studies. 1: A relationship for 50 industrial pollutants
    • Konemann, H. (1981). Quantitative structure activity relationships in fish toxicity studies. 1: A relationship for 50 industrial pollutants. Toxicology 19, 209-221.
    • (1981) Toxicology , vol.19 , pp. 209-221
    • Konemann, H.1
  • 35
    • 0003119627 scopus 로고
    • Extrapolating from mesocosms to the real world
    • Crossland, N.O. (1994). Extrapolating from mesocosms to the real world. Toxicology & Ecotoxicology News 1, 15-22.
    • (1994) Toxicology & Ecotoxicology News , vol.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Crossland, N.O.1
  • 37
    • 0032913143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community analysis of ecotoxicological field studies: Replicated design studies
    • Kedwards, T.J., Maund, S.J. & Chapman, P.F. (1999). Community analysis of ecotoxicological field studies: replicated design studies. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 18, 158-166.
    • (1999) Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry , vol.18 , pp. 158-166
    • Kedwards, T.J.1    Maund, S.J.2    Chapman, P.F.3
  • 38
    • 0000146735 scopus 로고
    • The decline of the otter in Britain; an analysis of hunting records and a discussion of causes
    • Chanin, P.R.F. & Jefferies, D.J. (1978). The decline of the otter in Britain; an analysis of hunting records and a discussion of causes. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 10, 305-328.
    • (1978) Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society , vol.10 , pp. 305-328
    • Chanin, P.R.F.1    Jefferies, D.J.2
  • 39
    • 0343374526 scopus 로고
    • Breeding ecology of the merlin in Northumberland
    • Newton, I., Meek, E. & Little, B. (1978). Breeding ecology of the merlin in Northumberland. British Birds 71, 376-398.
    • (1978) British Birds , vol.71 , pp. 376-398
    • Newton, I.1    Meek, E.2    Little, B.3
  • 40
    • 2542591067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative approaches and tests in ecotoxicology: A review of the present position and the prospects for change taking into account ECVAM's duties, topic selection, and test criteria
    • Walker, C.H. (1998). Alternative approaches and tests in ecotoxicology: A review of the present position and the prospects for change taking into account ECVAM's duties, topic selection, and test criteria. ATLA 26, 649-677.
    • (1998) ATLA , vol.26 , pp. 649-677
    • Walker, C.H.1
  • 41
    • 33745871300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amending the REACH legislation
    • Eisberg, N. (2005). Amending the REACH legislation. Chemistry & Industry 19, 4.
    • (2005) Chemistry & Industry , vol.19 , pp. 4
    • Eisberg, N.1
  • 42
    • 28744436270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SME unease escalates over REACH
    • Todd, M. (2005). SME unease escalates over REACH. Chemistry & Industry 21, 21.
    • (2005) Chemistry & Industry , vol.21 , pp. 21
    • Todd, M.1
  • 43
    • 20544450048 scopus 로고
    • Estimating exposure: The identification of species at risk and routes of exposure
    • ed. L. Somerville & C.H. Walker, pp, London, UK: Taylor & Francis
    • Hardy, A.R. (1990). Estimating exposure: the identification of species at risk and routes of exposure. In Pesticide Effects on Terrestrial Wildlife (ed. L. Somerville & C.H. Walker), pp. 81-98. London, UK: Taylor & Francis.
    • (1990) Pesticide Effects on Terrestrial Wildlife , pp. 81-98
    • Hardy, A.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.