Detection and management of life threatening arrhythmias in the perinatal period

Early Human Development

Volumn 84, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 161-172

  Skinner, Jonathan R ^a   Sharland, Gurleen ^b  

^a STARSHIP CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (New Zealand)

^b EVELINA LONDON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arrhythmia; Fetus; Heart block; Newborn; Tachycardia

Indexed keywords

BRADYCARDIA; COMPLETE HEART BLOCK; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FETUS HEART; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM FLUTTER; HEART FAILURE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HYDROPS; M MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; PERINATAL CARE; PERINATAL MORBIDITY; REVIEW; SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; TACHYCARDIA;

ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; PERINATAL CARE; PREGNANCY;

EID: 41149141252     PISSN: 03783782     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.01.010     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Fouron J.C., Fournier A., Proulx F., Lamarche J., Bigras J.L., Boutin C., et al. Management of fetal tachyarrhythmia based on superior vena cava/aorta Doppler flow recordings. Br Heart J 89 (2003) 1211-1216
2. Carvalho J.S., Prefumo F., Ciardelli V., Sairam S., Bhide A., and Shinebourne E. Evaluation of fetal arrhythmias from simultaneous pulsed wave Doppler in pulmonary artery and vein. Br Heart J 11 (2007) 1448-1453
3. Taylor M.J.O., Smith M.J., Thomas M., Green A.R., Cheng F., Oseku-Afful S., et al. Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography in singleton and multiple pregnancies. BJOG: Int'l J Obstet Gynaecol 110 (2003) 668-678
4. Allan L.D., Anderson R.H., Sullivan I.D., Campbell S., Holt D.W., and Tynan M. Evaluation of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography. Br Heart J 50 (1983) 240-245
5. Kleinman C.S., Donnerstein R.L., Jaffe C.C., DeVore G.R., Weinstein E.M., Lynch D.C., et al. Fetal echocardiography: a tool for evaluation of in utero cardiac arrhythmias and monitoring of in utero therapy: analysis of 71 patients. Am J Cardiol 51 (1983) 237-243
6. Simpson J.M., Yates R.W., and Sharland G.K. Irregular heart rate in the fetus-not always benign. Cardiol Young 6 (1996) 28-31
7. Simpson J.M., Ferrer P.L., and Gelband H. Are fetal supraventricular extrasystoles always benign?. Cardiol Young 4 (1994) 201-204
8. Hofbeck M., Ulmer H., Beinder E., Sieber E., and Singer H. Prenatal findings in patients with prolonged QT interval in the neonatal period. Br Heart J 77 (1997) 198-204
9. Donofrio M.T. Fetal presentation of congenital long QT syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 20 (1999) 441-444
10. Fouron J.C., Proulx F., Miro J., and Gosselin J. Doppler and M-Mode ultrasonography to time fetal atrial and ventricular contractions. Obstetrics and Gynecology 96 (2000) 732-736
11. Chia E.L., Ho T.F., Rauff M., and Yip W.C. Cardiac time intervals of normal fetuses using noninvasive fetal electrocardiography. Prenatal Diagnosis 25 (2005) 546-552
12. Gardiner H.M., Belmar C., Pasquini L., Seale A., Thomas M.J., Dennes W., et al. Fetal ECG: a novel predictor of atrioventricular block in anti-Ro positive pregnancies. Br Heart J 11 (2007) 1454-1460
13. McCue C.M., Mantakas M.E., Tingelstad J.B., and Ruddy S. Congenital heart block in newborns of mothers with connective tissue disease. Circulation 56 (1977) 82-90
14. Ho S.Y., Fagg N., Anderson R.H., Cook A., and Allan L. Disposition of the atrioventricular conduction tissues in the heart with isomerism of the atrial appendages: its relation to congenital complete heart block. J Am Coll Cardiol 20 (1992) 904-910
15. Machado M.V., Tynan M.J., Curry P.V., and Allan L.D. Fetal complete heart block. Br Heart J 60 (1988) 512-515
16. Schmidt K.G., Ulmer H.E., Silverman N.H., Kleinman C.S., and Copel J.A. Perinatal outcome of fetal complete atrioventricular block: a multicenter experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 17 (1991) 1360-1366
17. Jaeggi E.T., Hornberger L.K., Smallhorn J.F., and Fouron J.C. Prenatal diagnosis of complete atrioventricular block associated with structural heart disease: combined experience of two tertiary care centers and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26 (2005) 16-21
18. Berg C., Geipel A., Kohl T., Breuer J., Germer U., Krapp M., et al. Atrioventricular block detected in fetal life: associated anomalies and potential prognostic markers. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26 (2005) 4-15
19. Groves A.M., Allan L.D., and Rosenthal E. Outcome of isolated congenital complete heart block diagnosed in utero. Br Heart J 75 (1996) 190-194
20. Jaeggi E.T., Fouron J.C., Silverman E.D., Ryan G., Smallhorn J., and Hornberger L.K. Transplacental fetal treatment improves the outcome of prenatally diagnosed complete atrioventricular block without structural heart disease. Circulation 110 (2004) 1542-1548
21. Rosenthal E., Gordon P.A., Simpson J.M., and Sharland G.K. Letter regarding article by Jaeggi et al., "Transplacental fetal treatment improves the outcome of prenatally diagnosed complete atrioventricular block without structural heart disease" * Response. Circulation 111 (2005) e287-e288
22. Copel J.A., Buyon J.P., and Kleinman C.S. Successful in utero therapy of fetal heart block. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173 (1995) 1384-1390
23. Raboisson M.J., Fouron J.C., Sonesson S.E., Nyman M., Proulx F., and Gamache S. Fetal Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis and successful steroid therapy of Luciani-Wenckebach phenomenon and endocardial fibroelastosis related to maternal anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18 (2005) 375-380
24. Jaeggi E., Fouron J.C., Fournier A., van Doesburg N., Drblik S.P., and Proulx F. Ventriculo-atrial time interval measured on M mode echocardiography: a determining element in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Br Heart J 79 (1998) 582-587
25. Fouron J.C., Fournier A., Proulx F., Lamarche J., Bigras J.L., Boutin C., et al. Management of fetal tachyarrhythmia based on superior vena cava/aorta Doppler flow recordings. Br Heart J 89 (2003) 1211-1216
26. Frohn-Mulder I.M., Stewart P.A., Witsenburg M., Den Hollander N.S., Wladimiroff J.W., and Hess J. The efficacy of flecainide versus digoxin in the management of fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Prenat Diagn 15 (1995) 1297-1302
27. Texter K.M., Kertesz N.J., Friedman R.A., and Fenrich Jr. A.L. Atrial flutter in infants. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006) 1040-1046
28. Simpson J.M., and Sharland G.K. Fetal tachycardias: management and outcome of 127 consecutive cases. Br Heart J 79 (1998) 576-581
29. van Engelen A.D., Weijtens O., Brenner J.I., Kleinman C.S., Copel J.A., Stoutenbeek P., et al. Management outcome and follow-up of fetal tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 24 (1994) 1371-1375
30. Hansmann M., Gembruch U., Bald R., Manz M., and Redel D.A. Fetal tachyarrhythmias: transplacental and direct treatment of the fetus-a report of 60 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1 (1991) 162-168
31. Kleinman C.S., and Copel J.A. Direct fetal therapy for cardiac arrhythmias: who, what, when, where, why and how?. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1 (1991) 158-160
32. Strasburger J.F., Cuneo B.F., Michon M.M., Gotteiner N.L., Deal B.J., McGregor S.N., et al. Amiodarone therapy for drug-refractory fetal tachycardia. Circulation 109 (2004) 375-379
33. Oudijk M.A., Visser G.H., and Meijboom E.J. Fetal tachyarrhythmia-Part II: Treatment. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 4 (2004) 185-194
34. Maxwell D.J., Crawford D.C., Curry P.V., Tynan M.J., and Allan L.D. Obstetric importance, diagnosis, and management of fetal tachycardias. BMJ 297 (1988) 107-110
35. Rhodes L.A., Walsh E.P., and Saul J.P. Conversion of atrial flutter in pediatric patients by transesophageal atrial pacing: a safe, effective, minimally invasive procedure. Am Heart J 130 (1995) 323-327
36. Peng C.C., Chen M.R., Hou C.J., Hung H.Y., Kao H.A., Hsu C.H., et al. Atrial flutter in the neonate and early infancy. Jpn Heart J 39 (1998) 287-295
37. Pagis B., Villain E., Hidden-Lucet F., Frank R., and Sidi D. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the child. A case report with associated atrial fibrillation. Arch Pediatr 10 (2003) 38-41
38. Skinner J.R., Chung S.K., Montgomery D., McCulley C.H., Crawford J., French J., et al. Near-miss SIDS due to Brugada syndrome. Arch Dis Child 90 (2005) 528-529
39. Skinner J.R. Is there a relation between SIDS and long QT syndrome?. Arch Dis Child 90 (2005) 445-449
40. Arnestad M., Crotti L., Rognum T.O., Insolia R., Pedrazzini M., Ferrandi C., et al. Prevalence of long-QT syndrome gene variants in sudden infant death syndrome. Circulation 115 (2007) 361-367
41. Schwartz P.J., Locati E.H., Moss A.J., Crampton R.S., Trazzi R., and Ruberti U. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in the therapy of congenital long QT syndrome. A worldwide report. Circulation 84 (1991) 503-511
42. Perry J.C. Ventricular tachycardia in neonates. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 20 (1997) 2061-2064
43. Kothari D.S., and Skinner J.R. Neonatal tachycardias: an update. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 91 (2006) F136-F144
44. Dixon J., Foster K., Wyllie J., and Wren C. Guidelines and adenosine dosing in supraventricular tachycardia. Arch Dis Child 90 (2005) 1190-1191
45. Perry J.C., McQuinn R.L., Smith Jr. R.T., Gothing C., Fredell P., and Garson Jr. A. Flecainide acetate for resistant arrhythmias in the young: efficacy and pharmacokinetics. J Am Coll Cardiol 14 (1989) 185-191
46. Till J.A., Shinebourne E.A., Rowland E., Ward D.E., Bhamra R., Haga P., et al. Paediatric use of flecainide in supraventricular tachycardia: clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Br Heart J 62 (1989) 133-139
47. Tipple M., and Sandor G. Efficacy and safety of oral sotalol in early infancy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 14 (1991) 2062-2065
48. Tanel R.E., Walsh E.P., Lulu J.A., and Saul J.P. Sotalol for refractory arrhythmias in pediatric and young adult patients: initial efficacy and long-term outcome. Am Heart J 130 (1995) 791-797
49. Perry J.C., and Garson Jr. A. Flecainide acetate for treatment of tachyarrhythmias in children: review of world literature on efficacy, safety, and dosing. Am Heart J 124 (1992) 1614-1621
50. Fenrich Jr. A.L., Perry J.C., and Friedman R.A. Flecainide and amiodarone: combined therapy for refractory tachyarrhythmias in infancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 25 (1995) 1195-1198
51. Price J.F., Kertesz N.J., Snyder C.S., Friedman R.A., and Fenrich A.L. Flecainide and sotalol: a new combination therapy for refractory supraventricular tachycardia in children < 1 year of age. J Am Coll Cardiol 39 (2002) 517-520
52. Gossinger H.D., Siostrzonek P., and Mosslacher H. Combined sotalol and flecainide given at low dosage in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Int J Cardiol 26 (1990) 380-382
53. Russell G.A., and Martin R.P. Flecainide toxicity. Arch Dis Child 64 (1989) 860-862
54. Perry J.C., and Garson Jr. A. Supraventricular tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in children: early disappearance and late recurrence. J Am Coll Cardiol 16 (1990) 1215-1220
55. Deal B.J., Keane J.F., Gillette P.C., and Garson Jr. A. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and supraventricular tachycardia during infancy: management and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 5 (1985) 130-135
56. Mehta A.V., Sanchez G.R., Sacks E.J., Casta A., Dunn J.M., and Donner R.M. Ectopic automatic atrial tachycardia in children: clinical characteristics, management and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 11 (1988) 379-385
57. Gillette P.C., and Garson Jr. A. Electrophysiologic and pharmacologic characteristics of automatic ectopic atrial tachycardia. Circulation 56 (1977) 571-575
58. Klersy C., Chimienti M., Marangoni E., Comelli M., and Salerno J.A. Factors that predict spontaneous remission of ectopic atrial tachycardia. Eur Heart J 14 (1993) 1654-1656
59. Bauersfeld U., Gow R.M., Hamilton R.M., and Izukawa T. Treatment of atrial ectopic tachycardia in infants < 6 months old. Am Heart J 129 (1995) 1145-1148
60. Naheed Z.J., Strasburger J.F., Benson Jr. D.W., and Deal B.J. Natural history and management strategies of automatic atrial tachycardia in children. Am J Cardiol 75 (1995) 405-407