Tissue-toxic effects of phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate after subcutaneous injection for fat dissolution in rats and a human volunteer

Dermatologic Surgery

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 529-543

  Schuller Petrovic, Sanja ^a,b   Wölkart, Gerald ^a   Höfler, Gerald ^c   Neuhold, Nikolaus ^d   Freisinger, Franz ^c   Brunner, Friedrich ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^b Venex Vein Center   (Austria)

^c MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^d Medical University of Graz ^*  (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BILIRUBIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALCEIN; CHOLINESTERASE; DEOXYCHOLIC ACID; FATTY ACID; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE; INTERLEUKIN 8; LIPOSTABIL; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; LIPODISSOLVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; CASE REPORT; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; FAT NECROSIS; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HUMAN TISSUE; INJECTION SITE FIBROSIS; LIPOLYSIS; LIPOSUCTION; MALE; NONHUMAN; NORMAL HUMAN; PANNICULITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; VOLUNTEER; INJECTION SITE BURNING; INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA; INJECTION SITE INFLAMMATION; NOTE;

EID: 41149132958     PISSN: 10760512     EISSN: 15244725     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34128.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Klimov AN, Konstantinov VO, Lipovetsky BM, et al. "Essential" phospholipids versus nicotinic acid in the treatment of patients with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia and ischemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995 9 : 779 84.
2. Duncan DI, Hasengschwandtner F. Lipodissolve for subcutaneous fat reduction and skin retraction. Aesthetic Surg J 2005 25 : 530 43.
3. Môle B. Lipolyse-lipodissolution par la phophatidylcholine: mythe ou réalité? Ann Chirur Plast Estéth 2006 51 : 178 81.
4. Rittes PG. The use of phosphatidylcholine for correction of lower lid bulging due to prominent fat pads. Dermatol Surg 2001 27 : 391 2.
5. Rittes PG. The use of phosphatidylcholine for correction of localized fat deposits. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2003 27 : 315 8.
6. Hexsel D, Serra M, Mazzuco R, et al. Phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of localized fat. J Drugs Dermatol 2003 2 : 511 8.
7. Ablon G, Rotunda AM. Treatment of lower eyelid fat pads using phosphatidylcholine: clinical trial and review. Dermatol Surg 2004 30 : 422 7.
8. Heinrich KG. Efficacy of injections of phophatidylcholine into fat deposits-a non-surgical alternative to liposuction in body-contouring. Indian J Plast Surg 2005 38 : 119 22.
9. Hexsel DM, Serra M, de Oliveira Dal'Forno T, Zechmeister do Prado D. Cosmetic uses of injectable phosphatidylcholine on the face. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2005 38 : 1119 29.
10. Rose PT, Morgan M. Histological changes associated with mesotherapy for fat dissolution. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2005 7 : 17 9.
11. Myers P. The cosmetic use of phophatidylcholine in the treatment of localized fat deposits. Cosmet Dermatol 2006 19 : 416 20.
12. Young VL. Lipostabil: the effect of phosphatidylcholine on subcutaneous fat. Aesthetic Surg J 2003 23 : 413 7.
13. Rotunda AM, Suzuki H, Moy RL, Kolodney MS. Detergent effects of sodium deoxycholate are a major feature of an injectable phophatidylcholine formulation used for localized fat dissolution. Dermatol Surg 2004 30 : 1001 8.
14. Rotunda AM, Ablon G, Kolodney MS. Lipomas treated with subcutaneous deoxycholate injections. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 53 : 973 8.
15. Kopera D, Binder B, Toplak H. Intralesional lipolysis with phosphatidylcholine for the treatment of lipomas: pilot study. Arch Dermatol 2006 142 : 395 6.
16. Rittes PG, Rittes JC, Carriel Amary MF. Injection of phosphatidylcholine in fat tissue: experimental study of local action in rabbits. Aesthet Plast Surg 2006 30 : 474 8.
17. Rotunda AM, Kolodney MS. Mesotherapy and phosphatidylcholine injections: historical clarification and review. Dermatol Surg 2006 32 : 465 80.
18. Essodaïgui M, Broxterman HJ, Garnier-Suillerot A. Kinetic analysis of calcein and calcein-acetoxymethylester efflux mediated by the multidrug resistance protein and P-glycoprotein. Biochemistry 1998 37 : 2243 50.
19. Lichtenberg D, Robson RJ, Dennis EA. Solubilization of phospholipids by detergents: structural and kinetic aspects. Biochim Biophys Acta 1983 737 : 285 304.
20. Giffen PS, Turton J, Andrews CM, et al. Markers of experimental acute inflammation in the Wistar Han rat with particular reference to haptoglobin and C-reactive protein. Arch Toxicol 2003 77 : 392 402.
21. Hasengschwandtner F. Phosphatidylcholine treatment to induce lipolysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2005 4 : 308 13.
22. Fat-melting fad: too good to be true? ASAPS news release 2004;November 5:1-2
23. Palmer M, Curran J, Bowler P. Clinical experience and safety using phosphatidylcholine injections for the localized reduction of subcutaneous fat: a multicentre, retrospective UK study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2006 5 : 218 26.
24. Duncan D. Lipodissolve for subcutaneous fat reduction and skin retraction. Aesthet Surg J 2005 25 : 530 43.
25. Hexsel DM, Serra M, de Oliveira Dal'Forno T, Zechmeister do Prado D. Phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of localized fat. J Drugs Dermatol 2003 2 : 511 8.
26. Kopera D, Binder B, Toplak H. Intralesional lipolysis with phosphatidylcholine for the treatment of lipomas: pilot study. Arch Dermatol 2006 142 : 395 6.
27. Rotunda AM, Kolodney MS. Mesotherapy and phosphatidycholine injections: historical clarification and review. Dermatol Surg 2006 32 : 465 80.
28. Rotunda AM, Ablon G, Kolodney MS. Lipomas treated with subcutaneous deoxycholate injections. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 53 : 973 8.
29. Odo YM, Cuce LC, Odo LM, Natrielli A. Action of sodium deoxycholate on subcutaneous human tissue: local and systemic effects. Dermatol Surg 2007 33 : 178 88.
30. Salti G, Ghersetich I, Tantussi F, et al. Phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate in the treatment of localized fat: a double-blind, randomized study. Dermatol Surg 2008 34 : 60 6.
31. Rotunda AM, Suzuki H, Moy RL, Kolodney MS. Detergent effects of sodium deoxycholate are a major feature of an injectable phosphatidylcholine formulation used for localized fat dissolution. Dermatol Surg 2004 30 : 1001 8.
32. Salles AG, Valler CS, Ferreira MC. Histologic response to injected phosphatidylcholine in fat tissue: experimental study in a new rabbit model. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2006 30 : 479 84.
33. Bechara FG, Sand M, Hoffmann K, et al. Fat tissue after lipolysis of lipomas: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study. J Cutan Pathol 2007 34 : 552 7.
34. Walsh N. Some would halt lipolysis tx pending safety data. Skin Allergy News 2004 35 : 26.
35. Boodman SG. Can Shots Safely 'Melt Away Fat'? Washington Post. Tuesday, June 26, 2007. Available at :
36. Rundle RL. Popular treatment that aims to melt fat draws scrutiny. Wall Street Journal. June 12, 2007. Available at :