Origin and tectonic evolution of the Eastern Alps deduced from dating of detrital white Mica: A review

Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 100, Issue , 2007, Pages 8-23

  Neubauer, Franz ^a   Friedl, Gertrude ^a   Genser, Johann ^a   Handler, Robert ^a   Mader, Dieter ^b   Schneider, Detlef ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Cadomian orogeny; Collapse basin; Foreland basin; Provenance; Wilson cycle

Indexed keywords

CADOMIAN OROGENY; CARBONIFEROUS; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; DETRITAL DEPOSIT; FLYSCH; FORELAND BASIN; GONDWANA; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; MICA; ORDOVICIAN; POTASSIUM-ARGON DATING; PROVENANCE; SILURIAN; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; SUBDUCTION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

ALPS; EASTERN ALPS; EURASIA; EUROPE;

EID: 41149128690     PISSN: 20727151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Antonitsch, W., Neubauer, F. and Dallmeyer, R.D., 1994. Palaeozoic evolution within the Gurktal nappe complex. Eastern Alps. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 43, 2-3.
2. Aronson J.L. and Lewis T.L, 1994. Ages of detrital white mica from Devonian-Pennsylvanian strata of the North Gentral Appalachian basin: Dominance of the Acadian orogen as provenance. Journal of Geology 102, 685-696.
3. Blanckenburg F. v., Villa I.M., Baur H., Morteani G. and Steiger R.H., 1989. Time calibration of a P-T path from the western Tauern Window, Eastern-alps: The problem of the closure temperatures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 1-11.
4. Capuzzo, N., Handler, R., Neubauer, F. and Wetzel, A., 2004. Post-collisional rapid exhumation, uplift and erosion during continental sedimentation: indications from the late Paleozoic Salvan-Dorénaz basin (Western Alps). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 92(3), 364-379.
5. Castellarin, A., Vai, G.B. and Cantelli, L., 2006. The Alpine. evolution of the Southern Alps around the Giudicarie faults: A Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene transfer zone. Tectonophysics, 414, 203-223.
6. Cerveny, P.F., Naeser, N.D., Zeitler, P.K., Naeser, C.W. and Johnson, N.M., 1988. History of uplift and relief of thle Hemalaya during the past 18 million years: evideace from sandstones of the Siwalik group. In: Kleinspehn, K.L. and Paola, C. (Eds.). New Perspectives in Basin Analysis. New York: Springer, pp. 43-61.
7. Clauer, N., 1981. Strontium and argon isotopes in naturally weathered biotites, muscovites and feldspars. Chemical Geology, 31, 325-334.
8. 39Ar analysis of detrital K-feldspar and muscovite, Bengal Fan. Geology, 18, 354-357.
9. 39Ar age of detrital muscovite within Lower Ordovician sandstone in the Coastal Plane basement of Florida. Implications for Wesf African terrane linkages. Geology, 15, 998-1001.
10. 39Ar ages of detrital muscovite within early Palaeozoic overstep sequences, Avalon composite terrane, southern New Brunswick: implications for extent of late Palaeozoic tectonothermal overprint. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 27, 1209-1214.
11. 39Ar apparent age spectra of detrital muscovites from the Eastern Alps. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 151, 591-598.
12. 39Ar ages of detrital muscovite and whole-rock slate/phyllite, NarragansetT Basin, RI-MA, USA. Implications for rejuvenation during very low-grade metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110, 515-527.
13. 39Ar ages from the Austroalpine nappe complex of the Eastern Alps. Journal of Geology, 106, 71-86.
14. 39Ar and Rb-Sr data on Phangites from the UHP Brossasco-Isasca unit (Dora Maira Massif, Italy): Implications for dating mica. Journal of Petrology, 47, 1439-1465.
15. Egger, H., Homayoun, M. and Schnabel, W., 2002. Tectonic and climatic control of Paleogene sedimentation in the Rhenodanubian Flysch Flysh basin (Eastern Alps, Austria). Sedimentary Geology, 152, 247-262.
16. Eynatten, H. v. and Gaupp, R., 1999. Provenance of Cretaceous synorogenic sandstones in the Eastern Alps: constraints from framework petrography, heavy mineral analysis and mineral chemistry, Sedimentary Geology, 124, 81-111.
17. 39Ar laser-probe dating of detrital white micas from Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Eastern Alps: evidence from variscan high-pressure metamorphism and implications for Alpine orOgeny. Geology, 24, 691-694.
18. 39Ar laser-probe dating of detrital white micas from the Swiss Molasse Basin-Terra Nova, 11, 284-289.
19. Faupl, P. and Thöni, W., 1981. Radiometrische Daten von Kristallinsklastika aus der Flyschgosau der Weyrer Bögen. Jahresberich 1980 Hochschulschwerpkt. S 15 (Graz-Leoben). 2, 129-136.
20. Faupl, P. and Wagreich, M., 2000. Late Jurassic to Eocene Palaeogeography and Geodynamic Evolution of the Eastern Alps. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 92(1999), 79-94.
21. Fitch, F.J., Miller J.A. and Tompson D.B. 1966. The palaeogeographic significance of isotopic age determinations on detrital micas from the Triassic of the Stockport-Macclesfield District, Chesire, England, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2, 281-312.
22. Frank, W., 1987. Evolution of the Austroalpine elements in the Cretaceous. In: Flügel, H. W. and Faupl, P. (Eds.). Geodynamics of the Eastern Alps. Vienna, Deuticke, pp. 379-406.
23. Frank, W. and Schlager, W., 2006. Jurassic strike-slip versus, subduction in the Eastern Alps. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 95, 431-450.
24. Frank, W., Kralik, M., Scharbert, S. and Thöni, M., 1987. Geochronological data from the Eastern Alps. In: Flügel, H.W. and Faupl, P. (Eds.), Geodynamics of the Eastern Alps. Vienna, Deuticke, pp. 272-281.
25. Frank W., Lelkes-Felvári G. and Dunkl I., 1996. Thermal history of Austroalpine basement rocks of the borehole Fertörákes-1004, Western Hungary. In: Advance in Austrian-Hungarian Joint Geological Research, Budapest, 1996, pp. 177-195.
26. Frank, W., Schuster, R. and Faupl, P., 1998. Petrosch metamorphe Kristallingerölle aus der oberen Gosau der Weyerer Bögen (Oberösterreich). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 143, 273-275.
27. Frey, M., Desmons, J. and Neubauer, F., 1999. The new metamorphic maps of the Alps: Introduction. Schweizer Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 79, 1-4.
28. Gaidies, F., Abart, R., De Capitani, C., Schuster, R., Connolly, J.A.D. and Reusser, E., 2006. Characterization of polymetamorphism in the Austroalpine basement east of the Tauern Window using garnet isopleth thermobarometry. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24, 451-475.
29. García-Casco, A., 2007. Magmatic parogonite in trondhjemite from the Sierra del Convento mélange, Cuba. American Mineralogist, 92, 1232-1237.
30. Gawlick, H.-J., Frisch, W., Vecsei, A., Steiger, T. and Böhm, F., 1999. The change from nifting to thrusting in the Northern Calcareous Alps as recorded in Jurassic sediments. Geologische Rundschau, 87, 644-657.
31. Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., Gibbard, P., Hinnov, L.A., House, M.R., Lourens, L., Luterbacher, H.P., McArthur, J., Melchin, M.J., Robb, L.J., Shergold, J., Villeneuve, M., Wardlaw, B.R., Ali, J., Brinkhuls, H., Hilgen, F.J., Hooker, J., Howarth, R.J., Knoll, A.H., Laskar, J., Monechi, S., Plumb, K.A., Powell, J., Raffi, I., Röhl, U., Sadler, P., Sanfilippo, A., Schmitz, B., Shackleton, N.J., Shields, G.A., Strauss, H., Van Dam, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Veizer, J. and Wilson, D., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, 589 pp.
32. Guidotti, C.V., 1984. Micas in Metamorphic Rocks. In: Balley, S.W. (Ed.), Micas. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of Amererica, Washington D.C., pp. 357-467.
33. Haas, J. Kovács, S. Krystyn, L and Lein, R., 1995. Significance of Late Permian-Triassic facies zones in terrane reconstructions in the Alpine-North Pannonian domain. Tectonophysics, 242, 19-40.
34. Hames, W.E. and Bowring, S.A., 1994. An empirical evaluation of the argon diffusion geometry in muscovite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 124, 161-167.
35. 39Ar ages of detrital white mica from Upper Austroalpine units in the Eastern Alps, Austria: Evidence for Cadomian and contrasting Variscan scurces. Geologische Rundschau, 86, 69-80.
36. 39Ar mineral ages from the Kaintaleck nappe, Austroalpine basement, Eastern Alps. Geologica Carpathica. 50, 229-239.
37. 39Ar age constraints on the timing of the formation of Cu-Au deposits in the Panagyurishte region, Bulgaria. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 84/1, 119-132.
38. Heidorn, R., Neubauer, F. and Genser, J., 2003. Structural evolution along the NW margin of the Tauern Window and the relationship to the Geier-Reckner ophiolile-like complex (eastern Alps, Austria). Mem. Sci. Geol. (Padova), 54, 213-216.
39. Hilberg, S., 1998. Strukturelle Entwicklung der südöstlichen Nördlichen Kalkalpen: Die Bedeutung des Meliata-Deckenkomplexes und südvergenter post-gosauischer Rücküberschiebungen. Unpubl, Diploma thesis, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salzburg, IV + 113 p.
40. 39Ar Thermochronology of Detrital Minerals. Reviews of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 58, 239-257.
41. Hoinkes, G., Koller, F., Rantitsch, G., Dachs, E., Höck, V., Neubauer, F. and Schuster, R., 1999. Alpine metamorphism in the Eastern Alps. Schweizensche Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 79, 155-181.
42. 39Ar dating of detrital white micas. Geology. 33, 233-236.
43. Jának, M., Froitzheim, N., Vrbec, M., Krogh-Ravna, E.J. and De Hoog, C.M., 2006. Ultrahigh pressure metamorphism and exhumation of garnet peridotite in Pohorje, eastern Alps. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24, 19-31.
44. Jung, G., 1980. Radiometrische Altersdatierung und Metamorphoseuntersuchungen der Kalkalpenbasis und der Grauwackenzone in der Radmer und am steirischen Erzberg. Jahresbericht Hochschulschwerpunkt S15 (Graz - Leoben), 1, 20-27.
45. 39Ar laser probe. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 146, 401-403.
46. 35Ar ages for individual detrital muscovites in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, U.K., Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 101, 143-156.
47. 39Ar spectra of fine-grained white mica: Timing and duration of deformation and empirical constraints on argon diffusion. Geology, 24, 747-751.
48. Koroknai, B., Neubauer, F., Genser, J. and Topa, D., 1999. Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Austroalpine units at the western margin of the Gurktal nappe complex, Eastern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 79, 277-295.
49. Kozur, H., 1991. The evolution of the Meliata-Hallstatt ocean and its significance for the early evolution of the Eastern Alps and Western Carpathians. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87, 109-135.
50. Kozur, H. and Mostler, H. 1992. Erster paläontologischer Nachweis von Meliaticum und Süd-Rudabanyaicum in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen (Österreich) und ihre Beziehung zu den Abfolgen der Westkarpaten. Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen der Universität Innsbruck, 18, 87-129.
51. Krainer K., 1993. Late- and Post-Variscan sediments of the Eastern and Southern Alps. In: Raumer, J.F. von and Neubauer, F. (Eds.), Pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 537-564.
52. Kralik, M., Krumm, H. and Schramm, J.M., 1987. Low grade and very low grade metamorphism in the Northern Calcareous Alps and in the Greywacke Zone: illite crystalinity data and isotopic ages. In: Flügel, H.W. and Faupl, P. (Eds.), Geodynamics of the Eastern Alps. Deuticke, Vienna, pp. 164-178.
53. Krohe, A., 1987. Kinematics of Cretaceous nappe tectonics in the Austroalpine basement of the Koralpe region (eastern Austria). Tectonophysics, 136, 171-196.
54. Krylov, A.Y. and Silin, Y.I., 1959. Application of the argon method of age determination to the study of migration of terrigenous deposits. Doklady Akademii Nauk. SSSR, 129, 1069-1071.
55. Kurz, W. and Fritz, H., 2003. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Austroalpine Nappe Complex in the central Eastern Alps Ccnsequences for the Eo-Albine evolution of the Eastern Alps. International Geology Review, 45, 1100-1127.
56. Läufer A.L., Hubich D. and Loeschke J. 2001. Variscan geodynamic evolution of the Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy). International Journal of Earth Sciences 90, 855-870.
57. Linzer, H.G., Moser, F., Nemes, F., Ratschbacher, L. and Sperner, B., 1997. Build-up and dismembering of the eastern Northern Calcareous Alps. Tectonophysics, 272, 97-124.
58. 39Ar muscovite ages from the Penninic/Austroalpine plate boundary, Eastern Alps. Tectonics. 20, 526-547.
59. Mader, D. and Neubauer F., 2004. Provenance of Palaeozoic sandstones from the Carnic Alps (Austria): petrographic and geochemical indicators. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 262-281.
60. 39Ar dating of detrital white mica of Late Palaeozoic sandstones in the Carnic Alps (Austria): implications to provenance and tectonic setting of sedimentary basins. Geologica Carpathica, 58, 133-144.
61. Mandl, G.W., 2000. The Alpine sector of the Tethyan shelf - Examples of Triassic to Jurassic sedimentation and deformation from the Northern Calcareous Alps. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 92(1999), 61-77.
62. Mandl, G. W. and Ondreijikova, A., 1991. Über eine triadische Tiefwasserfazies (Radiolarite, Tonschiefer) in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen - ein Vorbericht. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, Wien, 134, 309-318.
63. 39Ar Method, 2nd edition, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics No. 9 Oxford University Press, Oxford, 269 pp.
64. Mitchell, J.K. and Taka, A.S., 1984. Potassium and argon loss patterns in weathered micas, implications for detrital mineral studies, with particular reference to the Triassic paleogeography of the British Isles. Sedimentary Geology, 39, 27-52.
65. 39Ar mineral systems in a low-grade, polymetamorphic terrane (eastern Alps, Austria). Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 261-278.
66. Najman, Y., 2006. The detrital record of orogenesis: A review of approaches and techniques used in the Himalayan sedimentary basins. Earth Science Reviews, 74, 1-72.
67. Najman, Y., Pringle, M., Godin, L. and Oliver, G. 2001. Dating of the oldest continental sediments from the Himalayan foreland basin. Nature, 410, 194-197.
68. Neubauer, F. and Handler, R., 1997. Mica tectonics. Terra Nostra, 1997, Abstract, Jahrestagung Geologische Vereinigung.
69. Neubauer, F., Dallmeyer, R. D., Dunkl, I. and Schirnik, D., 1995. Late Cretaceous exhumation of the metamorphic Gleinalm dome, Eastern Alps: kinematics, cooling history and sedimentary response in a sinistral wrench corridor. Tectonophysics, 242, 79-89.
70. Neubauer, F., Hilberg, S., Handler, R. and Topa, D., 1999a. Evidence for Jurassic subduction in the Northern Calcareous Alps: the tale of the Florianikogel Formation. Tübinger Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten, Series A, 52, p.105.
71. Neubauer, F., Hoinkes, G., Sassi, F.P., Handler, R., Höck, V., Koller, F. and Frank, W., 1999b. Pre-Alpine metamorphism of the Eastern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 79. 41-62.
72. Neubauer, F., Genser, J. and Handler, R.. 2000. The Eastern Alps: result of a two-stage collision process. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 92, 117-134.
73. 39Ar ages of detrital mica from a Carboniferous peripheral foreland basin, Austria: constraints for Variscan paleogeographic ad tectonic models. IAS-2001, 21st Meeting, Abstracts and Programme, Davos, p. 183.
74. 39Ar ages of detrital white mica. Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvos Nominatae, Sectio Geologica, 35, 42-43.
75. 39Ar single-grain ages. of detrital mica from the central Rhenodanubian Flysch Zone, Eastern Alps: Preliminary results and significance for Alpine tectonics. Memorie di Science Geologiche, Padova, 54, 221-224.
76. 39Ar mica ages in flysch and foreland basins: Constraints for orogenic architecture and type of collisional orogeny. Geophysical Research. Abstracts, Vol. 8, EGU06-A-04985.
77. 39Ar -dating of detrital white micas from Austroalpine Paleozoic of Northern Greywacke Zone (Tyrol/Salzburg - Austria) - a pilote studY. Terra Nostra, Abstracts Geology 2000, 2000/1, 83.
78. Purdy, J.W. and Jäger, E., 1976. K-Ar ages on rock-forming minerals from tne Central Alps. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche E Mineralogiche, Padova, 30, 1-31.
79. Rantitsch, G., 1997. ThermaL history of the Carnic Alps (Southern Alps, Austria) and its palaeogeographic implications. Tectonophysics, 272, 213-232.
80. Ratschbacher, L., 1986. Kinematics of Austro-Alpine cover nappes: changing translation path due to transpression. Tectonophysics, 125, 335-356.
81. Ratschbacher, L., Frisch, W., Neubauer, F., Schmid, S.M. and Neugebauer, F., 1989. Extension in compressional orogenic beits: The eastern Alps. Geology, 17, 404-407.
82. 39Ar laser probe dating of detrital micas from the Montgomery Creek Formation, northern California; Clues to provenance, tectonics, and weathering processes. Geology, 18, 4563-566.
83. Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D'Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskji, V.A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Muller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radoslovich, E.W., Robert, J.L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z. and Wones, D.R., 1998. Nomenclature of the micas. Amererican Mineralogist, 83 (11-12 Part 1), 1366.
84. Rieser, A., Neubauer, F., Liu, Y. and Ge, X., 2005. Sandstone provenance of north-western sectors of the intracontinental Cenozoic Qaidam basin, western China: tectonic vs. climatic control. Sedimentary Geology, 177, 1-18.
85. 39Ar ages of detrital white mica constrain the Cenozoic development of the inracontinental Qaidam Basin, China. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 118, 1522-1534.
86. Ring, U., Ratschbacher, L., Frisch, W., Biehler, D. and Kralik, M., 1989. Kinematics of the Alpine plate-margin - structural styles, strain and motion along the Penninic-Australpine boundary in the Swiss-Austrian Alps., Journal of the Geological Society, London, 146, 835-849.
87. Ruhl, K.W. and Hodges, K.V., 2005. The use of detrital mineral cooling ages to evaluate steady state assumptions in active orogens: An example from the Nepalese Himalaya. Tectonics, 24, TC4015.
88. Schmid, S.M., Fügenschuh, B., Kissling, E. and Schuster, R., 2004. Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 97, 93-117.
89. 39Ar ace of detrital white mica and sandstone chemistry of peripheral foreland basins: the Alpine Mofasse and Variscan Moravo-Silesian basins. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, pp. 1-184.
90. Schönlaub, H.P. and Histon, K. 2000. The Paleozoic evolution of the Southern Alps. Mitteillungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 92(1999), 15-34.
91. Schuster, R. and Frank, W., 1999. Metamorpic evolution of the Austroalpine units east of the Tauern Window: indications for Jurassic strike slip tectonics. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft der Geologie- und Sergbaustudenten in Oesterreich, 42, 37-58.
92. Schuster, R., Scharbert, S., Abart, R. and Frank, W., 2001. Permo-Triassic extension and related HT/LP metamorphism in the Austroalpine - Southalpine realm. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft der Geologie- und Bergbaustudenten in Oesterreich, 45, 111-141.
93. Schuster R., Faupl P. and Frank, W., 2003. Metamorphic detritus in the Cretaceous Gosau Group (Eastern Alps), Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvos Nominatae, Sectio Geologica, 35, 100-101.
94. 39Ar detrital white mica ages from the Forest of Dean Basin. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 157, 905-908.
95. Spear. F.S., 1993. Metamorphic Phase Equilibria and Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths. Mineralogical Society of Amererica, Washington D.C., 799 pp.
96. Speer, J.A., 1984. Micas in Igneous Rocks. In: Bailey S.W. (Ed.), Micas, Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of Amererica, Washington D.C., 299-356.
97. Spötl, C., Longstaffe, F.J., Ramseyer, K., Kunk, R. and Wiesheu, R., 1998. Fluid-rock reactions in an evaporitic mélange, Permian Haselgebirge. Austrian Alps. Sedimentology, 45, 1019-1946.
98. Thöni, M., 1999. A review of geochronological data from the Eastern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische Und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 79, 209-230.
99. Thöni, M., 2002. Sm-Nd isotope systematics in garnet from different litologies (Eastern Alps) - age results, and an evaluation of potential problems for garnet Sm-Nd chronometry. Chemical Geology, 194, 353-379.
100. Trautwein, B., Dunkl, I., Kuhlemann, and Frisch, W., 2001. Cretaceous-Tertiary Rhenodanubian flysch wedge (eastern Alps): clues to sediment supply and basin configuration from zircon fission-track data. Terra Nova, 13, 382-393.
101. Villa, I., 1998. Isotopic closure. Terra Nova, 10, 42-47.
102. Vistelius, A.B. 1959. The problem of the origin of the red beds of Cheleken Peninsula, an experiment on the use of absolute age of clastic minerals for the solution of problem of lithology and paleogeograpny. Doklady Akademii Nauk, SSSR, 125, 483-486.
103. Vozárova, A., Vozár, J. and Mayr, M., 1999. High-pressure metamorpnism of basalts in the evaporitic sequence of the Haselgebirge: An evidence from Bad Ischl (Austria). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 56, 325-330.
104. 39Ar dating of detritai mica from the Upper Paleozoic sandstones in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Geologica Carpathica, 56, 463-412.
105. Wagreich, M., 1995. Subduction tectonic erosion and Late Cretaceous subsidence along the northern Austroalpine margin (Eastern Alps, Austria). Tectonophysics, 242, 63-78.
106. Wagreich, M. and Decker, K., 2001. Sedimentary tectonics and subsidence modelling of the type Upper Cretaceous Gosau basin (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria), International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90, 714-726.
107. Welzel B., 1991. Die Bedeutung von K/Ar-Datierungen an detritischen Muskoviten für die Rekonstruktion tektonometamorpher Einheiten im Liefergebiet - ein Beitrag zur Frage der varistischen Krustenertwicklung in der Böhmiscnen Masse. Göttinger Arbeiten zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 49, 1-61.
108. 39Ar ages. Mineralogy and Petrology, 88, 149-180.
109. Willingshofer, E., Neubauer, F. and Cloetingh S. 1999. Significance of Gosau basins for the upper Cretaceous geodynamic history of the Alpine - Carpathian belt. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part A: Solid Earth Geodesy, 24, 687-695.