Deliberate self-harm by under-15-year-olds: Characteristics, trends and outcome

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 441-448

  Hawton, Keith ^a   Harriss, Louise ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Deliberate self harm; Suicide risk

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; PARACETAMOL; SEDATIVE AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; AUTOMUTILATION; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELIBERATE SELF HARM; DRUG OVERDOSE; FAMILY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; SELF POISONING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALCOHOLISM; CAUSE OF DEATH; COMORBIDITY; CRIME VICTIMS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENGLAND; FAMILY CONFLICT; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HOSPITALS, GENERAL; HUMANS; MALE; OVERDOSE; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT, HOSPITAL; RECURRENCE; RISK; RISK FACTORS; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SUICIDE; SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED; VIOLENCE;

EID: 41149113002     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: 14697610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01852.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Beautrais, A.L., Joyce, P.R. Mulder, R.T. (1997). Precipitating factors and life events in serious suicide attempts among youths aged 13 through 24 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1534 1551.
2. Beck, A.T., Schuyler, D. Herman, I. (1974). Development of Suicidal Intent Scales. In A.T. Beck, H.L.P. Resnik D.J. Lettieri (Eds. The prediction of suicide (pp. 45 56). Philadelphia, PA : Charles Press.
3. Burgess, S., Hawton, K. Loveday, G. (1998). Adolescents who take overdoses: Outcome in terms of changes in psychopathology and the adolescents' attitudes to their care and to their overdoses. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 209 218.
4. Charlton, J., Kelly, S., Dunnell, K., Evans, B., Jenkins, R. Wallis, R. (1992). Trends in suicide deaths in England and Wales. Population Trends, 69, 10 16.
5. Claassen, C.A., Trivedi, M.H., Shimizu, I., Stewart, S., Larkin, G.L. Litovitz, T. (2006). Epidemiology of nonfatal deliberate self-harm in the United States as described in three medical databases. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36, 192 212.
6. Coleman, J. Schofield, J. (2005). Key data on adolescence 2005 (5th edn). Brighton : Trust for the Study of Adolescence.
7. Corcoran, P., Keeley, H.S., O'Sullivan, M. Perry, I.J. (2004). The incidence and repetition of attempted suicide in Ireland. European Journal of Public Health, 14, 19 23.
8. Deykin, E.Y., Perlow, R. McNamarra, J. (1985). Non-fatal suicidal and life-threatening behavior among 13- to 17-year old adolescents seeking emergency medical care. American Journal of Public Health, 75, 90 92.
9. Evans, E., Hawton, K., Rodham, K. Deeks, J. (2005). The prevalence of suicidal phenomena in adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 239 250.
10. Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Ridder, E.M. Beautrais, A.L. (2005). Suicidal behaviour in adolescence and subsequent mental health outcomes in young adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 35, 983 993.
11. Goldacre, M. Hawton, K. (1985). Repetition of self-poisoning and subsequent death in adolescents who take overdoses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 395 398.
12. Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, Ø., Wichstrøm, L. Haldorsen, T. (2000). Young suicide attempters: A comparison between a clinical and an epidemiological sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 868 875.
13. Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., et al. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 512 518.
14. Harrington, R., Pickles, A., Aglan, A., Harrington, V., Burroughs, H. Kerfoot, M. (2006). Early adult outcomes of adolescents who deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 337 345.
15. Harriss, L., Hawton, K. Zahl, D. (2005). Value of measuring suicidal intent in the assessment of people attending hospital following self-poisoning or self-injury. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 60 66.
16. Haw, C., Hawton, K., Casey, D., Bale, E. Shepherd, A. (2005). Alcohol dependence, excessive drinking and deliberate self-harm: Trends and patterns in Oxford, 1989-2002. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 964 971.
17. Hawton, K. (1986). Suicide and attempted suicide among children and adolescents. Beverly Hills : Sage.
18. Hawton, K., Fagg, J., Platt, S. Hawkins, M. (1993). Factors associated with suicide after parasuicide in young people. British Medical Journal, 306, 1641 1644.
19. Hawton, K., Fagg, J., Simkin, S., Bale, E. Bond, A. (1997). Trends in deliberate self-harm in Oxford, 1985-1995. Implications for clinical services and the prevention of suicide. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 556 560.
20. Hawton, K., Hall, S., Simkin, S., Bale, E., Bond, A., Codd, S., et al. (2003a). Deliberate self-harm in adolescents: A study of characteristics and trends in Oxford, 1990-2000. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 1191 1198.
21. Hawton, K., Harriss, L., Hall, S., Simkin, S., Bale, E. Bond, A. (2003b). Deliberate self-harm in Oxford, 1990-2000: A time of change in patient characteristics. Psychological Medicine, 33, 987 996.
22. Hawton, K., Harriss, L. Zahl, D. (2006). Deaths from all causes in a long-term follow-up study of 11,583 deliberate self harm patients. Psychological Medicine, 36, 397 405.
23. Hawton, K., O'Grady, J., Osborn, M. Cole, D. (1982). Adolescents who take overdoses: Their characteristics, problems and contacts with helping agencies. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 118 123.
24. Hawton, K., Osborn, M., O'Grady, J. Cole, D. (1982). Classification of adolescents who take overdoses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 124 131.
25. Hawton, K. Rodham, K. (2006). By their own young hand: Deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideas in adolescents. London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
26. Hawton, K., Simkin, S., Deeks, J., Cooper, J., Johnston, A., Waters, K., et al. (2004). UK legislation on analgesic packs: Before and after study of long term effect on poisonings. British Medical Journal, 329, 1076 1079.
27. Hawton, K., Zahl, D. Weatherall, R. (2003). Suicide following deliberate self-harm: Long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 537 542.
28. Kerfoot, M. (1988). Deliberate self-poisoning in childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 335 343.
29. Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., Harrington, V., Woodham, A. Harrington, R. (1996). Correlates and short-term course of self-poisoning in adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 38 42.
30. Kerfoot, M. McHugh, B. (1992). The outcome of childhood suicidal behaviour. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 55, 141 145.
31. Kosky, R. (1983). Childhood suicidal behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 457 468.
32. Krishnakumar, P., Geeta, M.G. Gopalan, A.V. (2005). Deliberate self-poisoning in children. Indian Pediatrics, 42, 582 586.
33. Pfeffer, C.R. (1981). Suicidal behavior of children: A review with implications for research and practice. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 154 159.
34. Reith, D.M., Whyte, I., Carter, G. McPherson, M. (2003). Adolescent self-poisoning: A cohort study of subsequent suicide and premature deaths. Crisis, 24, 79 84.
35. Sellar, C., Goldacre, M.J. Hawton, K. (1990). Reliability of routine hospital data on poisoning as measures of deliberate self poisoning in adolescents. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44, 313 315.
36. Sellar, C., Hawton, K. Goldacre, M.J. (1990). Self-poisoning in adolescents. Hospital admissions and deaths in the Oxford region 1980-85. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 866 870.
37. Shaffer, D. (1974). Suicide in childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15, 275 291.
38. SPSS Inc. (2003). SPSS for Windows Release 12. Chicago : SPSS Inc.
39. Taylor, E.A. Stansfeld, S.A. (1984a). Children who poison themselves. 1. A clinical comparison with psychiatric controls. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 127 132.
40. Taylor, E.A. Stansfeld, S.A. (1984b). Children who poison themselves: II. Prediction of attendance for treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 132 135.
41. Townsend, E., Hawton, K., Altman, D.G., Arensman, E., Gunnell, D., Hazell, P. et al. (2001). The efficacy of problem-solving treatments after deliberate self-harm: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with respect to depression, hopelessness and improvement in problems. Psychological Medicine, 31, 979 988.
42. Van Heeringen, C. De Volder, V. (2002). Trends in attempted suicide in adolescents and young adults in Gent, 1986-1995. Archives of Suicide Research, 6, 1 8.
43. Walker, W.L. (1980). Intentional self-injury in school age children: A study of fifty cases. Journal of Adolescence, 3, 217 228.
44. Ystgaard, M., Reinholdt, N.P., Husby, J. Mehlum, L. (2003). Deliberate self harm in adolescents. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening, 123, 2241 2245.