메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2008, Pages 5-14

Setting targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users (IDUs): Towards consensus and improved guidance

Author keywords

Coverage; HIV AIDS; Injection drug use; Targets

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BUPRENORPHINE; METHADONE;

EID: 41149086454     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.12.002     Document Type: Note
Times cited : (13)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 41549090235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academy for Educational Development (2000). A comprehensive approach is a more effective approach. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, A comprehensive approach: preventing blood-borne infections among injecting drug users (pp. 21-39). Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • Academy for Educational Development (2000). A comprehensive approach is a more effective approach. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, A comprehensive approach: preventing blood-borne infections among injecting drug users (pp. 21-39). Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • 2
    • 10244222703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global overview of injecting drug use and HIV infection and injecting drug users
    • Aceijas C., Stimson G.V., Hickman M., and Rhodes T. Global overview of injecting drug use and HIV infection and injecting drug users. AIDS 18 (2004) 2295-2303
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 2295-2303
    • Aceijas, C.1    Stimson, G.V.2    Hickman, M.3    Rhodes, T.4
  • 3
    • 33745128402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of injecting drug users at national and local level in developing and transitional countries and gender and age distribution
    • Aceijas C., Friedman S.R., Cooper H., Stimson G.V., and Hickman M. Estimates of injecting drug users at national and local level in developing and transitional countries and gender and age distribution. Sexually Transmitted Infections 82 (2006) 10-17
    • (2006) Sexually Transmitted Infections , vol.82 , pp. 10-17
    • Aceijas, C.1    Friedman, S.R.2    Cooper, H.3    Stimson, G.V.4    Hickman, M.5
  • 4
    • 33746889365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral treatment for injecting drug users in developing and transitional countries: One year before the end of 3 by 5
    • Aceijas C., Oppenheimer E., Stimson G.V., Ashcroft R.E., Matic S., and Hickman M. Antiretroviral treatment for injecting drug users in developing and transitional countries: One year before the end of 3 by 5. Addiction 101 (2006) 1246-1253
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , pp. 1246-1253
    • Aceijas, C.1    Oppenheimer, E.2    Stimson, G.V.3    Ashcroft, R.E.4    Matic, S.5    Hickman, M.6
  • 5
    • 28444436224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use: Information, education and communication
    • Aggleton P., Jenkins P., and Malcolm A. HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use: Information, education and communication. International Journal of Drug Policy 16 1 (2005) S21-S30
    • (2005) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Aggleton, P.1    Jenkins, P.2    Malcolm, A.3
  • 6
    • 41549125170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alliance for Open Society International (2007). Unique Identifier Code DDRP Best Practice Collection. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from http://www.ddrprogram.org/323.
    • Alliance for Open Society International (2007). Unique Identifier Code DDRP Best Practice Collection. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from http://www.ddrprogram.org/323.
  • 7
    • 20144385342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief cognitive behavioural interventions for regular amphetamine users: A step in the right direction
    • Baker A., Lee N.K., Claire M., Lewin T.J., Grant T., Pohlman S., et al. Brief cognitive behavioural interventions for regular amphetamine users: A step in the right direction. Addiction 100 3 (2005) 367-378
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-378
    • Baker, A.1    Lee, N.K.2    Claire, M.3    Lewin, T.J.4    Grant, T.5    Pohlman, S.6
  • 8
    • 34247364023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV, injecting drug use and harm reduction: A public health response
    • Ball A.L. HIV, injecting drug use and harm reduction: A public health response. Addiction 102 (2007) 684-690
    • (2007) Addiction , vol.102 , pp. 684-690
    • Ball, A.L.1
  • 9
    • 28444458457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial. Supplement World Health Organization evidence for action for HIV prevention, treatment and care among injecting drug users
    • Ball A., Weiler G., Beg M., and Doupe A. Editorial. Supplement World Health Organization evidence for action for HIV prevention, treatment and care among injecting drug users. International Journal of Drug Policy 16 1 (2005) S1-S6
    • (2005) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Ball, A.1    Weiler, G.2    Beg, M.3    Doupe, A.4
  • 10
    • 34248574517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher syringe coverage is associated with lower odds of HIV risk and does not increase unsafe syringe disposal among syringe exchange program clients
    • Bluthenthal R.N., Anderson R., Flynn N.M., and Krall A.H. Higher syringe coverage is associated with lower odds of HIV risk and does not increase unsafe syringe disposal among syringe exchange program clients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 89 (2007) 214-222
    • (2007) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.89 , pp. 214-222
    • Bluthenthal, R.N.1    Anderson, R.2    Flynn, N.M.3    Krall, A.H.4
  • 11
    • 33947154819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users
    • Bluthenthal R.N., Ridgeway G., Schell T., Anderson R., Flynn N.M., and Kral A.H. Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users. Addiction 102 (2007) 638-646
    • (2007) Addiction , vol.102 , pp. 638-646
    • Bluthenthal, R.N.1    Ridgeway, G.2    Schell, T.3    Anderson, R.4    Flynn, N.M.5    Kral, A.H.6
  • 13
    • 4043055125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Asian epidemic model: A process model for exploring HIV policy and programme alternatives in Asia
    • Brown T., and Peerapatanapokin W. The Asian epidemic model: A process model for exploring HIV policy and programme alternatives in Asia. Sexually Transmitted Infections 80 i (2004) 19
    • (2004) Sexually Transmitted Infections , vol.80 , Issue.i , pp. 19
    • Brown, T.1    Peerapatanapokin, W.2
  • 15
    • 0032311294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outreach-based HIV prevention for injecting drug users: A review of published outcome data
    • Coyle S.L., Needle R.H., and Normand J. Outreach-based HIV prevention for injecting drug users: A review of published outcome data. Public Health Reports 113 Suppl. 1 (1998) 19-30
    • (1998) Public Health Reports , vol.113 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 19-30
    • Coyle, S.L.1    Needle, R.H.2    Normand, J.3
  • 16
    • 0032312815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifteen years of preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: What we have learned, what we have not learned, what we have done, what we have not done
    • Des Jarlais D.C., and Friedman S. Fifteen years of preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: What we have learned, what we have not learned, what we have done, what we have not done. Public Health Reports 113 Suppl. 1 (1998) 182-188
    • (1998) Public Health Reports , vol.113 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 182-188
    • Des Jarlais, D.C.1    Friedman, S.2
  • 17
    • 28444498816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to reduce the sexual risk behaviour of injecting drug users
    • Des Jarlais D.C., and Semaan S. Interventions to reduce the sexual risk behaviour of injecting drug users. International Journal of Drug Policy 16 1 (2005) S58-S66
    • (2005) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Des Jarlais, D.C.1    Semaan, S.2
  • 18
    • 0030473044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effect of AIDS-related behavioural change among injection drug users: A cross-national study
    • World Health Organization Multi-Centre Study of AIDS and Injecting Drug Use
    • Des Jarlais D.C., Friedman P., Hagen H., Friedman S.R., and World Health Organization Multi-Centre Study of AIDS and Injecting Drug Use. The protective effect of AIDS-related behavioural change among injection drug users: A cross-national study. American Journal of Public Health 86 12 (1996) 1780-1785
    • (1996) American Journal of Public Health , vol.86 , Issue.12 , pp. 1780-1785
    • Des Jarlais, D.C.1    Friedman, P.2    Hagen, H.3    Friedman, S.R.4
  • 19
    • 0026594501 scopus 로고
    • Sex, HIV and the injecting drug users
    • Donoghoe M.C. Sex, HIV and the injecting drug users. British Journal of Addiction 87 (1992) 405-416
    • (1992) British Journal of Addiction , vol.87 , pp. 405-416
    • Donoghoe, M.C.1
  • 20
    • 34247388236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting drug use, harm reduction and HIV/AIDS
    • Matic S., Lazarus J.V., and Donoghoe M.C. (Eds), WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen
    • Donoghoe M.C. Injecting drug use, harm reduction and HIV/AIDS. In: Matic S., Lazarus J.V., and Donoghoe M.C. (Eds). HIV/AIDS in Europe: Moving from death sentence to chronic disease management (2006), WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen 43-66
    • (2006) HIV/AIDS in Europe: Moving from death sentence to chronic disease management , pp. 43-66
    • Donoghoe, M.C.1
  • 21
    • 27144467149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV/AIDS in the transitional countries of eastern Europe and central Asia
    • Donoghoe M.C., Lazarus J.V., and Matic S. HIV/AIDS in the transitional countries of eastern Europe and central Asia. Clinical Medicine 5 (2005) 487-490
    • (2005) Clinical Medicine , vol.5 , pp. 487-490
    • Donoghoe, M.C.1    Lazarus, J.V.2    Matic, S.3
  • 22
    • 34547140281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for injecting drug users in the World Health Organization European Region 2002-2004
    • Donoghoe M.C., Bollerup A.R., Lazarus J.V., Nielsen S., and Matic S. Access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for injecting drug users in the World Health Organization European Region 2002-2004. International Journal of Drug Policy 18 (2007) 271-280
    • (2007) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.18 , pp. 271-280
    • Donoghoe, M.C.1    Bollerup, A.R.2    Lazarus, J.V.3    Nielsen, S.4    Matic, S.5
  • 23
    • 41549105577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia (2004). Retrieved November, 23, 2007 from http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/SHA/treatment/20051018_1.
    • Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia (2004). Retrieved November, 23, 2007 from http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/SHA/treatment/20051018_1.
  • 24
    • 41549116064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2004). Recommended draft technical tools and guidelines. Key epidemiological indicator: Prevalence of problem drug use. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?nnodeid=1372.
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2004). Recommended draft technical tools and guidelines. Key epidemiological indicator: Prevalence of problem drug use. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?nnodeid=1372.
  • 26
    • 8444236393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use, risk and urban order: Examining supervised injection sites (SISs) as governmentality
    • Fischer B., Turnbull S., Poland B., and Haydon E. Drug use, risk and urban order: Examining supervised injection sites (SISs) as governmentality. International Journal of Drug Policy 15 (2004) 357-365
    • (2004) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.15 , pp. 357-365
    • Fischer, B.1    Turnbull, S.2    Poland, B.3    Haydon, E.4
  • 27
    • 4344633903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating numbers of injecting drug users in metropolitan areas for structural analyses of community vulnerability and for assessing relative degree of service provision for injecting drug users
    • Friedman S.R., Templaski B., Cooper H., Perlis T., Keem M., Friedman R., et al. Estimating numbers of injecting drug users in metropolitan areas for structural analyses of community vulnerability and for assessing relative degree of service provision for injecting drug users. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 81 3 (2004) 377-400
    • (2004) Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-400
    • Friedman, S.R.1    Templaski, B.2    Cooper, H.3    Perlis, T.4    Keem, M.5    Friedman, R.6
  • 28
    • 41549147031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) (2006). Investing in impact: Mid-year results report 2006. Geneva: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM). Retrieved November 26, 2007 from: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/files/about/replenishment/progress_repor t_midyear_2006.pdf.
    • The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) (2006). Investing in impact: Mid-year results report 2006. Geneva: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM). Retrieved November 26, 2007 from: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/files/about/replenishment/progress_repor t_midyear_2006.pdf.
  • 30
    • 2342419137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting drug use in Brighton, Liverpool, and London: Best estimates of prevalence and coverage of public health indicators
    • Hickman M., Higgins V., Hope V., Bellis M., Tilling K., Walker A., et al. Injecting drug use in Brighton, Liverpool, and London: Best estimates of prevalence and coverage of public health indicators. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 58 (2004) 766-771
    • (2004) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.58 , pp. 766-771
    • Hickman, M.1    Higgins, V.2    Hope, V.3    Bellis, M.4    Tilling, K.5    Walker, A.6
  • 32
    • 41549084404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC) (2007). Missing the Target #4. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from: http://www.icaso.org/resources/itpc_missing_the_target_4.pdf.
    • International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC) (2007). Missing the Target #4. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from: http://www.icaso.org/resources/itpc_missing_the_target_4.pdf.
  • 33
    • 34547227751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-retroviral treatment and care for injecting drug users: An evidence-based overview
    • Lert F., and Kazatchkine M. Anti-retroviral treatment and care for injecting drug users: An evidence-based overview. International Journal of Drug Policy 18 4 (2007) 255-261
    • (2007) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 255-261
    • Lert, F.1    Kazatchkine, M.2
  • 34
    • 33750576032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to expand antiretroviral therapy in St. Petersburg, Russia
    • Long E.F., Brandeau M.L., Galvin C.M., Vinichenko T., Tole S.P., Schwartz A., et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to expand antiretroviral therapy in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS 20 (2006) 2207-2214
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 2207-2214
    • Long, E.F.1    Brandeau, M.L.2    Galvin, C.M.3    Vinichenko, T.4    Tole, S.P.5    Schwartz, A.6
  • 35
    • 0027237484 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in- and out of treatment: An 18-month prospective follow-up
    • Metzger D.S., Woody G.E., McLellan A.T., and O'Brien C.P. Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in- and out of treatment: An 18-month prospective follow-up. JAIDS 6 (1993) 1049-1059
    • (1993) JAIDS , vol.6 , pp. 1049-1059
    • Metzger, D.S.1    Woody, G.E.2    McLellan, A.T.3    O'Brien, C.P.4
  • 36
    • 0033996452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to HAART in French HIV-infected injecting drug users: The contribution of buprenorphine drug maintenance treatment
    • The Manif 2000 Study Group
    • Moatti J.P., Carrieri M.P., Spire B., Gastaut J.A., Cassuto J.P., Moreau J., and The Manif 2000 Study Group. Adherence to HAART in French HIV-infected injecting drug users: The contribution of buprenorphine drug maintenance treatment. AIDS 14 (2000) 151-155
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 151-155
    • Moatti, J.P.1    Carrieri, M.P.2    Spire, B.3    Gastaut, J.A.4    Cassuto, J.P.5    Moreau, J.6
  • 38
    • 33644801517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioural approaches for stimulant-dependent individuals
    • Rawson R.A., McCann M.J., Flammino F., Shoptaw S., Miotto K., Reiber C., et al. A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioural approaches for stimulant-dependent individuals. Addiction 101 2 (2006) 267-274
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-274
    • Rawson, R.A.1    McCann, M.J.2    Flammino, F.3    Shoptaw, S.4    Miotto, K.5    Reiber, C.6
  • 39
    • 33947184004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of harm reduction in central and eastern Europe and central Asia
    • Sarang A., Stuikyte R., and Bykov R. Implementation of harm reduction in central and eastern Europe and central Asia. International Journal of Drug Policy 18 2 (2007) 129-135
    • (2007) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-135
    • Sarang, A.1    Stuikyte, R.2    Bykov, R.3
  • 40
    • 41149125851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to syringes in three Russian cities: Implications for syringe distribution and coverage
    • Sarang A., Rhodes T., and Platt L. Access to syringes in three Russian cities: Implications for syringe distribution and coverage. International Journal of Drug Policy 19S (2008) S25-S36
    • (2008) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.19 S
    • Sarang, A.1    Rhodes, T.2    Platt, L.3
  • 41
    • 85059623602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEPFAR implementation
    • Institute of Medicine. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
    • Sepúlveda J. PEPFAR implementation. Progress and promise (2007), Institute of Medicine. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
    • (2007) Progress and promise
    • Sepúlveda, J.1
  • 42
    • 33947146303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coverage of HIV prevention for injection drug users: Confusions, aspirations, definitions and ways forward
    • Sharma M., Burrows D., and Bluthenthal R. Coverage of HIV prevention for injection drug users: Confusions, aspirations, definitions and ways forward. International Journal of Drug Policy 18 (2007) 92-98
    • (2007) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.18 , pp. 92-98
    • Sharma, M.1    Burrows, D.2    Bluthenthal, R.3
  • 43
    • 34547204561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to HIV treatment among IDUs and the role of opioid substitution treatment (OST)
    • Spire B., Lucas G.M., and Carrieri P. Adherence to HIV treatment among IDUs and the role of opioid substitution treatment (OST). International Journal of Drug Policy 18 (2007) 262-270
    • (2007) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.18 , pp. 262-270
    • Spire, B.1    Lucas, G.M.2    Carrieri, P.3
  • 45
    • 41549139395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operational guidance on setting national targets for moving towards universal access, Section 4
    • Joint United Nations Programme UNAIDS, Geneva (pp.13-18)
    • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Operational guidance on setting national targets for moving towards universal access, Section 4. Setting ambitious targets (2006), Joint United Nations Programme UNAIDS, Geneva (pp.13-18)
    • (2006) Setting ambitious targets
  • 46
    • 41549092026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint United Nations Programme UNAIDS, Geneva
    • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). UNAIDS action plan on intensifying HIV prevention (2006), Joint United Nations Programme UNAIDS, Geneva
    • (2006) UNAIDS action plan on intensifying HIV prevention
  • 47
    • 41549120782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2006d). Report on the global AIDS epidemic: A UNAIDS 10th anniversary special edition. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme UNAIDS.
    • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2006d). Report on the global AIDS epidemic: A UNAIDS 10th anniversary special edition. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme UNAIDS.
  • 50
    • 41549115645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations (2001). Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS-United Nations special session on HIV/AIDS. Resolution A/RES/S-26/2 adopted by the UN General Assembly twenty-sixth special session, June 25-27, 2001. New York: United Nations. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from: http://www.un.org/ga/aids/docs/aress262.pdf.
    • United Nations (2001). Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS-United Nations special session on HIV/AIDS. Resolution A/RES/S-26/2 adopted by the UN General Assembly twenty-sixth special session, June 25-27, 2001. New York: United Nations. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from: http://www.un.org/ga/aids/docs/aress262.pdf.
  • 51
    • 41549095632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations (2006a). Towards universal access: Assessment by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS on scaling up HIV prevention, treatment, care and support UN. Document A/60/737 submitted to UN General Assembly. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from: http://data.unaids.org/pub/InformationNote/2006/20060324_hlm_ga_a60737_e n.pdf.
    • United Nations (2006a). Towards universal access: Assessment by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS on scaling up HIV prevention, treatment, care and support UN. Document A/60/737 submitted to UN General Assembly. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from: http://data.unaids.org/pub/InformationNote/2006/20060324_hlm_ga_a60737_e n.pdf.
  • 52
    • 41549126394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations (2006b). Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS. Resolution 60/262, adopted at United Nations General Assembly, Sixtieth Session, June 2006. New York: United Nations.
    • United Nations (2006b). Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS. Resolution 60/262, adopted at United Nations General Assembly, Sixtieth Session, June 2006. New York: United Nations.
  • 55
    • 33745877267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model projections on the required coverage of syringe distribution to prevent HIV epidemics among injecting drug users
    • Vickerman P., Hickman M., Rhodes T., and Watts C. Model projections on the required coverage of syringe distribution to prevent HIV epidemics among injecting drug users. JAIDS 42 3 (2006) 355-361
    • (2006) JAIDS , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-361
    • Vickerman, P.1    Hickman, M.2    Rhodes, T.3    Watts, C.4
  • 60
    • 41549117738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO) (2005). Health and the millennium development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from: http://www.who.int/hdp/publications/mdg_en.pdf.
    • World Health Organization (WHO) (2005). Health and the millennium development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from: http://www.who.int/hdp/publications/mdg_en.pdf.
  • 62
  • 63
    • 28444445375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, Geneva
    • World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Advocacy guide: HIV/AIDS prevention among injecting drug users (2004), World Health Organization, Geneva
    • (2004) Advocacy guide: HIV/AIDS prevention among injecting drug users
  • 64
    • 41549159976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2004). Evidence for action policy brief: HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use reduction of HIV transmission in prisons. (HIV/2004.02). Geneva: World Health Organization.
    • World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2004). Evidence for action policy brief: HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use reduction of HIV transmission in prisons. (HIV/2004.02). Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • 65
    • 41549118212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2007). Evidence for action technical paper. Comprehensive review of effectiveness of interventions addressing HIV in prisons. Geneva: World Health Organization.
    • World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), & Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2007). Evidence for action technical paper. Comprehensive review of effectiveness of interventions addressing HIV in prisons. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • 67
    • 41549095155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2006a). Clinical protocol on HIV/AIDS treatment and care for injecting drug users. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: http://www.euro.who.int/aids/treatment/20060801_1.
    • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2006a). Clinical protocol on HIV/AIDS treatment and care for injecting drug users. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: http://www.euro.who.int/aids/treatment/20060801_1.
  • 68
    • 41549106438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2006b). HIV/AIDS protocols on treatment and care. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Europe. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: http://www.euro.who.int/aids/treatment/20060801_1.
    • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2006b). HIV/AIDS protocols on treatment and care. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Europe. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: http://www.euro.who.int/aids/treatment/20060801_1.
  • 69
    • 41549157069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wiessing, L.G., Denis, B., Guttormsson, U., Hass, S., Hamouda, O., Hariga, F., et al. (2001). Estimating coverage of harm reduction measures for injection drug users in the European Union. Proceedings of 2000 Global Research Network Meeting on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations. Durban, South Africa, Third Annual Meeting, July 5-7, 2000, National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Institutes of Health-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?fuseaction=public.AttachmentDownload&nN o.
    • Wiessing, L.G., Denis, B., Guttormsson, U., Hass, S., Hamouda, O., Hariga, F., et al. (2001). Estimating coverage of harm reduction measures for injection drug users in the European Union. Proceedings of 2000 Global Research Network Meeting on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations. Durban, South Africa, Third Annual Meeting, July 5-7, 2000, National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Institutes of Health-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?fuseaction=public.AttachmentDownload&nN o.
  • 70
    • 28444448692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of sterile needle and syringe programmes
    • Wodak A., and Cooney A. Effectiveness of sterile needle and syringe programmes. International Journal of Drug Policy 16 1 (2005) S31-S44
    • (2005) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Wodak, A.1    Cooney, A.2
  • 71
    • 33745728263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do needle exchange programmes reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: A comprehensive review of the international evidence
    • Wodak A., and Cooney A. Do needle exchange programmes reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: A comprehensive review of the international evidence. Substance Use Misuse 41 (2006) 777-813
    • (2006) Substance Use Misuse , vol.41 , pp. 777-813
    • Wodak, A.1    Cooney, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.