Water and sustainability: A reappraisal

Environment

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 4-17

  Falkenmark, Malin ^a,b,c  

^a Department of Applied and International Hydrology ^*

^b STOCKHOLM RESILIENCE CENTRE   (Sweden)

^c Stockholm International Water Institute   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 41049109870     PISSN: 00139157     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/ENVT.50.2.4-17     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), Our Common Future (Oxford, U.K., and New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 43.
2. International Water Resources Association (IWRA), "Sustainable Development and Water: IWRA Committee on Water Strategies for 21st Century," Water International 14, no. 3 (1989): 151-52.
3. M. Falkenmark, "Dangerous Gap between Engineers and Environmentalists: Outlook through a Freshwater Lens," in Science, Technology and Society, Stockholm Papers in Library and Information (Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, 1998).
4. IWRA, "Statement on Water, Environment, and Development," Water International 16, no. 4 (1991): 243-46.
5. M. Falkenmark and N. B. Ayebotele, "Freshwater Resources," in J. Dooge et al., eds., An Agenda for Science for Environment and Development into the 21st Century (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
6. T. Hägerstrand, "Gränser - en Försummad Dimension i Kritiskt Tänkande" (Boundaries - on the Neglected Dimension of Critical Thinking), in U. Sandström, ed., Det Kritiska Uppdraget (The Critical Mission), Linköping Studies in Arts and Science no. 94 (Linköping, Sweden: University of Linköping, 1993).
7. M. Falkenmark and Z. Mikulski, "The Key Role of Water in the Landscape System: Conceptualisation to Address Growing Human Landscape Pressures," GeoJournal 33, no. 4 (1994): 355-63.
8. M. Falkenmark, "Society's Interaction with the Water Cycle: A Conceptual Framework for a More Holistic Approach," Hydrological Sciences 42, no. 4 (1997): 451-66.
9. Falkenmark, note 3 above.
10. M. Falkenmark, Regional Environmental Management: The Role of Man-Water-Land Interactions, working paper (Washington, DC: World Bank, Environment Department, Policy and Research Division, 1991), 91-121 ;
11. M. Falkenmark, "Environment and Development: Urgent Need for a Water Perspective," paper presented at the Ven Te Chow Memorial Lecture, IWRA Congress, Rabat, Morrocco, May 1991;
12. and M. Falkenmark and R. A. Subrapto, "Population-Landscape Interactions in Development: A Water Perspective to Environmental Sustainability," AMBIO 21, no. 1 (1992): 31.
13. B. Kjellén, "The UNCED Process: Lessons to Be Drawn for the Future," in G. Sjöstedt, U. Svedin, and B. Hägerhäll Aniansson, eds., International Environmental Negotiations: Process, Issues and Context, Report 93: 1 (Stockholm: Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research, 1993): 221-44.
14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), "Land and Water Integration and River Basin Management," proceedings of an FAO informal workshop, 31 January-2 February 1993, Land and Water Bulletin (1995).
15. I. R. Calder, Blue Revolution: Integrated Land and Water Resource Management, 2nd ed. (London: Earthscan, 2005).
16. G. Conway, The Doubly Green Revolution: Food for All in the Twenty-First Century (New York: Penguin Books, 1997), 334.
17. M. Falkenmark and J. Rockström, "Curbing Rural Exodus from Tropical Drylands," AMBIO 22, no. 7 (1993): 427-37;
18. M. Falkenmark and J. Rockström, Balancing Water for Humans and Nature (London: Earthscan, 2004);
19. J. Rockström, "On-farm Agrohydrological Analysis of the Sahelian Yield Crisis: Rainfall Partitioning, Soil Nutrients and Water Use Efficiency of Pearl Millet" (Ph.D. thesis, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden, 2007);
20. and J. Rockström, "Water for Food and Nature in Droughtprone Tropics: Vapour Shift in Rainfed Agriculture," in Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London Series B 358 (2003): 1997-2009.
21. J. Rockström and M. Falkenmark, "Semi-arid Crop Production from a Hydrological Perspective -Gap Between Potential and Actual Yields," Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 19, no. 4 (2000): 319-46;
22. and M. Falkenmark and J. Rockström, "Building Resilience to Cope with Drought and Desertification: Disclosing the Water Perspective," submitted 2007 to Natural Resources Forum.
23. M. Falkenmark and G. Lindh, "Impact of Water Resources on Population," paper contributed by Swedish delegation to the UN World Population Conference, Bucharest, Romania, August 1974.
24. M. Falkenmark and G. Lindh, Water for a Starving World (Boulder, CO: WestView Press, 1976).
25. See also C. G. Widstrand, ed., Water Conflicts and Research Priorities (Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, 1980);
26. M. Falkenmark, "New Ecological Approach to the Water Cycle: Ticket to the Future," AMBIO 13, no. 3 (1984): 152-60;
27. and M. Falkenmark, "Fresh Water-Time for a Modified Approach," AMBIO 15, no. 4 (1986): 192-200.
28. M. Falkenmark. "The Massive Water Scarcity Now Threatening Africa - Why Isn't It Being Addressed?" AMBIO 18, no. 2 (1989): 112-18.
29. M. Falkenmark, "Meeting Water Requirements of an Expanding World Population," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 352, no. 1356: 929-36.
30. S. Postel, "Where Have All The Rivers Gone?" World Watch 8 (1995): 9-19.
31. V. Smakhtin, C. Revenga, and P. Döll, Taking Into Account Environmental Water Requirements in Global-Scale Water Resources Assessments, Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Research Report 2 (Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, 2004).
32. D. Seckler, The New Era of Water Resources Management: From "Dry" to "Wet" Water Savings, HMI Research Report 1 (Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute, 1996);
33. D. Molden, R. Sakthivadivel, M. Samad, and M. Burton, "Phases of River Basin Development: The Need for Adaptive Institutions," in M. Svendsen, ed., Irrigation and River Basin Management: Options for Governance and Institutions (Wallingford, U.K., and Colombo, Sri Lanka: CABI and IWMI, 2005): 19-29;
34. and M. Falkenmark and D. Molden, "Wake Up to Realities of River Basin Closure," International Journal of Water Resources Development, in press.
35. Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), On the Verge of a New Water Scarcity: A Call for Governance and Human Ingenuity (Stockholm: SIWI, 2007.)
36. D. Molden, ed., Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (London, U.K, and Colombo, Sri Lanka: Earthscan and rWMI, 2007).
37. S. Postel, Pillars of Sand: Can the Irrigation Miracle Last? (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999).
38. T. Shah, A. D. Roy, A. S. Qureshi, and J. Wang, "Sustaining Asia's Groundwater Boom: An Overview of Issues and Evidence," Natural Resources Forum 27 (2003): 130-41.
39. Suhas Wani, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, personal communication.
40. M. Falkenmark, "Water Usability Degradation: Economist Wisdom or Societal Madness?" Water International 30 (2005): 136-46.
41. Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA), Challenges to International Waters: Regional Assessments in a Global Perspective, final report (Kalmar, Sweden: GIWA, 2007), 39.
42. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: A Framework for Assessment (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2005).
43. D. Melnick et al., Environment and Human Wellbeing: A Practical Strategy (London: UN Millennium Project, Earthscan, 2005).
44. A. Biswas and C. Tortajada, eds., Appraising Sustainable Development: Water Management and Environmental Challenges (London: Oxford University Press, 2005).
45. Ibid.
46. R. Prescott-Allen, The Wellbeing of Nations: A Country-by-Country Index of Quality of Life and the Environment (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001).
47. W Steffen, "Surviving the Anthropocene: The Great Challenges of the 21st Century," lecture invitation, http://albaeco.com/htm/pdf/steffen1030- 07.pdf (accessed 9 January 2008).
48. FAO, note 12 above; and M. Falkenmark and J. Rockström, "The New Blue and Green Water Paradigm: Breaking New Ground for Water Resources Planning and Management," Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 132, no. 3 (2006): 129-32.
49. J. Rockström, M. Lannerstad, and M. Falkenmark, "Assessing the Water Challenge of a New Green Revolution in Developing Countries," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 15 (2007): 6253-60.
50. J. Lundqvist et al., "Water Pressures and Increases in Food & Bioenergy Demand Implications of Economic Growth and Options for Decoupling," in Scenarios on Economic Growth and Resource Demand, background report to the Swedish Environmental Advisory Council memorandum 2007: 1 (Stockholm: Swedish Environmental Advisory Council, 2007).
51. G. Berndes, "Bioenergy and Water: The Implications of Large-scale Bioenergy Production for Water Use and Supply," Global Environmental Change 12, no. 4 (2002): 253-71.
52. Lundqvist, et al., note 36 above; and O. Varis, "Water Demands for Bioenergy Production," International Journal of Water Resources Development 23 (2007): 519-35.
53. Berndes, note 37 above.
54. Rockström and Falkenmark, note 16 above; Falkenmark and Rockström, note 16 above.
55. Falkenmark and Rockström, note 16 above.
56. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts: Adaptation and Vulnerability (New York: United Nations, 2007).
57. For more on this issue, see R. L. Naylor et al., "The Ripple Effect: Biofuels, Food Security, and the Environment," Environment 49, no. 9 (November 2007): 30-43.
58. M. Falkenmark, "Freshwater as Shared between Society and Ecosystems: From Divided Approaches to Integrated Challenges," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 358, no. 1440 (2003): 2037-50.
59. M. Falkenmark, Water Management and Ecosystems: Living with Change, TEC Report 9 (Stockholm: Global Water Partnership, 2003).
60. Falkenmark and Mikulski, note 7 above.
61. M. Falkenmark and H. Tropp, "Ecosystem Approach and Governance: Contrasting Interpretations," WaterFront 2005, no. 4. (December 2005): 4-5, http://www.siwi.org/downloads/WF%20Magazine/ WaterFront_December_2005.pdf.
62. Falkenmark and Rockström (2004), note 15 above.
63. B. Scan Ion, I. Jolly, M. Sophocleous, and L. Zhang, "Global Impacts of Conversions from Natural to Agricultural Ecosystems on Water Resources: Quantity versus Quality," Water Resources Research 43, no. 3 (2007): W03437.
64. M. Falkenmark, "Good Ecosystem Governance: Balancing Ecosystems and Social Needs," in A. R. Turton et al., eds., Governance as a Trialogue: Government-Society-Science in Transition (Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York: Springer Verlag, 2007).