메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 720-729

Effects of supplementing fish oil in the drinking water of dairy cows on production performance and milk fatty acid composition

Author keywords

Dairy cow; Drinking water; Fish oil; Milk fatty acid

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID; FISH OIL; WATER;

EID: 40949124389     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0342     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 4243114172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short communication: Docosahexaenoic acid promotes vaccenic acid accumulation in mixed ruminai cultures when incubated with linoleic acid
    • AbuGhazaleh, A. A., and T. C. Jenkins. 2004. Short communication: Docosahexaenoic acid promotes vaccenic acid accumulation in mixed ruminai cultures when incubated with linoleic acid. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1047-1050.
    • (2004) J. Dairy Sci , vol.87 , pp. 1047-1050
    • AbuGhazaleh, A.A.1    Jenkins, T.C.2
  • 2
    • 3142539417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated linoleic acid increases in milk when cows fed fishmeal and extruded soybeans for an extended period of time
    • AbuGhazaleh, A. A., D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, and K. F. Kalscheur. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid increases in milk when cows fed fishmeal and extruded soybeans for an extended period of time. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1758-1766.
    • (2004) J. Dairy Sci , vol.87 , pp. 1758-1766
    • AbuGhazaleh, A.A.1    Schingoethe, D.J.2    Hippen, A.R.3    Kalscheur, K.F.4
  • 3
    • 0004202155 scopus 로고
    • AOAC, 15th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem, Arlington, VA
    • AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA.
    • (1990) Official Methods of Analysis
  • 4
    • 0041864180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis
    • Bauman, D. E., and J. M. Griinari. 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 23:203-227.
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 203-227
    • Bauman, D.E.1    Griinari, J.M.2
  • 5
    • 33845261493 scopus 로고
    • A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification
    • Bligh, E. G., and W. J. Dyer. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37:911-917.
    • (1959) Can. J. Biochem. Physiol , vol.37 , pp. 911-917
    • Bligh, E.G.1    Dyer, W.J.2
  • 6
    • 84971971744 scopus 로고
    • The fate and behaviour of imbibed water in the rumen of cattle
    • Cafe, L. M., and D. P. Poppi. 1994. The fate and behaviour of imbibed water in the rumen of cattle. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 122:139-144.
    • (1994) J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) , vol.122 , pp. 139-144
    • Cafe, L.M.1    Poppi, D.P.2
  • 7
    • 0031508958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fish oil and monensin on milk fat composition in dairy cows
    • Cant, J. P., A. H. Fredeen, T. MacIntyre, J. Gunn, and N. Crowe. 1997. Effect of fish oil and monensin on milk fat composition in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77:125-131.
    • (1997) Can. J. Anim. Sci , vol.77 , pp. 125-131
    • Cant, J.P.1    Fredeen, A.H.2    MacIntyre, T.3    Gunn, J.4    Crowe, N.5
  • 8
    • 0346856113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruminant milk fat plasticity: Nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids
    • Chilliard, Y., A. Ferlay, R. M. Mansbridge, and M. Doreau. 2000. Ruminant milk fat plasticity: Nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Ann. Zootech. 49:181-205.
    • (2000) Ann. Zootech , vol.49 , pp. 181-205
    • Chilliard, Y.1    Ferlay, A.2    Mansbridge, R.M.3    Doreau, M.4
  • 9
    • 0026227733 scopus 로고
    • Supplemental fat in highenergy rations for lactating cows: Effects on intake, digestion, milk yield, and composition
    • Coppock, C. E., and D. L. Wilks. 1991. Supplemental fat in highenergy rations for lactating cows: Effects on intake, digestion, milk yield, and composition. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3826-3837.
    • (1991) J. Anim. Sci , vol.69 , pp. 3826-3837
    • Coppock, C.E.1    Wilks, D.L.2
  • 10
    • 2542458461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for analysis of conjugated linoleic acids and 18:1 trans-isomers in dairy fats by using a combination of gas chromatography, silver-ion thin-layer chromatography/gas chromatography, and silver-ion liquid chromatography
    • Cruz-Hernandez, C., Z. Deng, J. Zhou, A. R. Hill, M. P. Yurawecz, P. Delmonte, M. M. Mossoba, M. E. R. Dugan, and J. K. G. Kramer. 2004. Methods for analysis of conjugated linoleic acids and 18:1 trans-isomers in dairy fats by using a combination of gas chromatography, silver-ion thin-layer chromatography/gas chromatography, and silver-ion liquid chromatography. J. AOAC Int. 87:545-562.
    • (2004) J. AOAC Int , vol.87 , pp. 545-562
    • Cruz-Hernandez, C.1    Deng, Z.2    Zhou, J.3    Hill, A.R.4    Yurawecz, M.P.5    Delmonte, P.6    Mossoba, M.M.7    Dugan, M.E.R.8    Kramer, J.K.G.9
  • 11
    • 0034332207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary fish oil on conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids in milk fat from lactating dairy cows
    • Donovan, D. C., D. J. Schingoethe, R. J. Baer, J. Ryali, A. R. Hippen, and S. T. Franklin. 2000. Influence of dietary fish oil on conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids in milk fat from lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2620-2628.
    • (2000) J. Dairy Sci , vol.83 , pp. 2620-2628
    • Donovan, D.C.1    Schingoethe, D.J.2    Baer, R.J.3    Ryali, J.4    Hippen, A.R.5    Franklin, S.T.6
  • 12
    • 0342528694 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipids of the cow during pregnancy and lactation
    • Duncan, W. R., and G. A. Garton. 1963. Plasma lipids of the cow during pregnancy and lactation. Biochem. J. 89:414-419.
    • (1963) Biochem. J , vol.89 , pp. 414-419
    • Duncan, W.R.1    Garton, G.A.2
  • 13
    • 34548187873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical note: Estimation of milk fatty acid yield from milk fat data
    • Glasser, F., M. Doreau, A. Ferlay, and Y. Chilliard. 2007. Technical note: estimation of milk fatty acid yield from milk fat data. J. Dairy Sci. 90:2302-2304.
    • (2007) J. Dairy Sci , vol.90 , pp. 2302-2304
    • Glasser, F.1    Doreau, M.2    Ferlay, A.3    Chilliard, Y.4
  • 14
    • 0000769026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in its incorporation into meat and milk ruminants
    • M. P. Yurawecz, M. M. Mossaba, J. K. G. Kramer, M. W. Pariza, and G. J. Nelson, ed. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL
    • Griinari, J. M., and D. E. Bauman. 1999. Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in its incorporation into meat and milk ruminants. Pages 180-200 in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 1. M. P. Yurawecz, M. M. Mossaba, J. K. G. Kramer, M. W. Pariza, and G. J. Nelson, ed. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL.
    • (1999) Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research , vol.1 , pp. 180-200
    • Griinari, J.M.1    Bauman, D.E.2
  • 16
    • 0029363056 scopus 로고
    • Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow
    • Grummer, R. R. 1995. Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2820-2833.
    • (1995) J. Anim. Sci , vol.73 , pp. 2820-2833
    • Grummer, R.R.1
  • 17
    • 40949134961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harfoot, C. G., and G. P. Hazlewood. 1988. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Pages 285-322 in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. P. N. Hobson, ed. Eisevier Applied Science Publishers, London, UK.
    • Harfoot, C. G., and G. P. Hazlewood. 1988. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Pages 285-322 in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. P. N. Hobson, ed. Eisevier Applied Science Publishers, London, UK.
  • 18
    • 33744968244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fatty acid supplements on feed intake, and feeding and chewing behavior of lactating dairy cows
    • Harvatine, K. J., and M. S. Allen. 2006. Effects of fatty acid supplements on feed intake, and feeding and chewing behavior of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:1104-1112.
    • (2006) J. Dairy Sci , vol.89 , pp. 1104-1112
    • Harvatine, K.J.1    Allen, M.S.2
  • 19
    • 0038342092 scopus 로고
    • Water balance and excretion
    • 10th ed. M. J. Swenson, ed. Comstock Publishing Co, New York, NY
    • Houpt, T. R. 1984. Water balance and excretion. Pages 486-506 in Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals. 10th ed. M. J. Swenson, ed. Comstock Publishing Co., New York, NY.
    • (1984) Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals , pp. 486-506
    • Houpt, T.R.1
  • 20
    • 0034277682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short communication: Influence of dietary tallow and fish oil on milk fat composition
    • Jones, D. F., W. P. Weiss, and D. L. Palmquist. 2000. Short communication: Influence of dietary tallow and fish oil on milk fat composition. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2024-2026.
    • (2000) J. Dairy Sci , vol.83 , pp. 2024-2026
    • Jones, D.F.1    Weiss, W.P.2    Palmquist, D.L.3
  • 21
    • 40949143928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jones, D. F., W. P. Weiss, D. L. Palmquist, and T. C. Jenkins. 1998. Dietary fish oil for dairy cows: 1. Effects on milk fatty acid production and composition. Pages 101-104 in Research and Reviews. The Ohio State Univ., Dep. Anim. Sci., Wooster, OH.
    • Jones, D. F., W. P. Weiss, D. L. Palmquist, and T. C. Jenkins. 1998. Dietary fish oil for dairy cows: 1. Effects on milk fatty acid production and composition. Pages 101-104 in Research and Reviews. The Ohio State Univ., Dep. Anim. Sci., Wooster, OH.
  • 22
    • 0031227535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fat source on duodenal flow of trans-C18:1 fatty acids and milk fat production in dairy cows
    • Kalscheur, K. F., B. B. Teter, L. S. Piperova, and R. A. Erdman. 1997. Effect of fat source on duodenal flow of trans-C18:1 fatty acids and milk fat production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:2115-2126.
    • (1997) J. Dairy Sci , vol.80 , pp. 2115-2126
    • Kalscheur, K.F.1    Teter, B.B.2    Piperova, L.S.3    Erdman, R.A.4
  • 23
    • 0036695887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kramer, J. K. G., C. B. Blackadar, and J. Zhou. 2002. Evaluation of two GC columns (60-m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100-m CP Sil 88) for analysis of milk fat with emphasis on CLA, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 isomers, and short- and long-chain fatty acids. Lipids 37:823-835.
    • Kramer, J. K. G., C. B. Blackadar, and J. Zhou. 2002. Evaluation of two GC columns (60-m SUPELCOWAX 10 and 100-m CP Sil 88) for analysis of milk fat with emphasis on CLA, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 isomers, and short- and long-chain fatty acids. Lipids 37:823-835.
  • 24
    • 0035538661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated linoleic acids and octadecenoic acids: Analysis by GC
    • Kramer, J. K. G., C. Cruz-Hernandez, and J. Zhou. 2001. Conjugated linoleic acids and octadecenoic acids: Analysis by GC. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103:600-609.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol , vol.103 , pp. 600-609
    • Kramer, J.K.G.1    Cruz-Hernandez, C.2    Zhou, J.3
  • 25
    • 21744455207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fish oil supplementation on rumen metabolism and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in beef steers given diets containing sunflower oil
    • Lee, M. R. F., J. K. S. Tweed, A. P. Moloney, and N. D. Scollan. 2005. The effects of fish oil supplementation on rumen metabolism and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in beef steers given diets containing sunflower oil. Anim. Sci. 80:361-367.
    • (2005) Anim. Sci , vol.80 , pp. 361-367
    • Lee, M.R.F.1    Tweed, J.K.S.2    Moloney, A.P.3    Scollan, N.D.4
  • 27
    • 4243097099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biohydrogenation, duodenal flow, and intestinal digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in response to dietary forage:concentrate ratio and linseed oil in dairy cows
    • Loor, J. J., K. Ueda, A. Ferlay, Y. Chilliard, and M. Doreau. 2004. Biohydrogenation, duodenal flow, and intestinal digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in response to dietary forage:concentrate ratio and linseed oil in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2472-2485.
    • (2004) J. Dairy Sci , vol.87 , pp. 2472-2485
    • Loor, J.J.1    Ueda, K.2    Ferlay, A.3    Chilliard, Y.4    Doreau, M.5
  • 28
    • 0030861116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk
    • Mansbridge, R. J., and J. S. Blake. 1997. Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk. Br. J. Nutr. 78(Suppl. 1):S37-S47.
    • (1997) Br. J. Nutr , vol.78 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Mansbridge, R.J.1    Blake, J.S.2
  • 30
    • 0026449703 scopus 로고
    • Water metabolism of dairy cattle
    • Murphy, M. R. 1992. Water metabolism of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 75:326-333.
    • (1992) J. Dairy Sci , vol.75 , pp. 326-333
    • Murphy, M.R.1
  • 31
    • 40949113073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRC, 7th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
    • NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
    • (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle
  • 32
    • 0033475536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary fat supplementation on levels of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans acids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk
    • Offer, N. W., M. Marsden, J. Dixon, B. K. Speake, and F. E. Thacker. 1999. Effect of dietary fat supplementation on levels of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans acids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk. Anim. Sci. 69:613-625.
    • (1999) Anim. Sci , vol.69 , pp. 613-625
    • Offer, N.W.1    Marsden, M.2    Dixon, J.3    Speake, B.K.4    Thacker, F.E.5
  • 33
    • 0036760511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of supplementing glucose in drinking water on the energy and nitrogen status of the transition dairy cow
    • Osborne, V. R., L. E. Leslie, and B. W. McBride. 2002. Effect of supplementing glucose in drinking water on the energy and nitrogen status of the transition dairy cow. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82:427-433.
    • (2002) Can. J. Anim. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 427-433
    • Osborne, V.R.1    Leslie, L.E.2    McBride, B.W.3
  • 34
    • 0027616367 scopus 로고
    • Feed and animal factors influencing milk fat composition
    • Palmquist, D. L., A. D. Beaulieu, and D. M. Barbano. 1993. Feed and animal factors influencing milk fat composition. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1753-1771.
    • (1993) J. Dairy Sci , vol.76 , pp. 1753-1771
    • Palmquist, D.L.1    Beaulieu, A.D.2    Barbano, D.M.3
  • 35
    • 33750625116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk fatty acid composition in response to reciprocal combinations of sunflower and fish oils in the diet
    • Palmquist, D. L., and J. M. Griinari. 2006. Milk fatty acid composition in response to reciprocal combinations of sunflower and fish oils in the diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131:358-369.
    • (2006) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol , vol.131 , pp. 358-369
    • Palmquist, D.L.1    Griinari, J.M.2
  • 36
    • 0016418266 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intraruminal and intra-abomasal additions of cod-liver oil on milk fat production in the cow
    • Pennington, J. A., and C. L. Davis. 1975. Effects of intraruminal and intra-abomasal additions of cod-liver oil on milk fat production in the cow. J. Dairy Sci. 58:49-55.
    • (1975) J. Dairy Sci , vol.58 , pp. 49-55
    • Pennington, J.A.1    Davis, C.L.2
  • 38
    • 0036652030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short communication: Milk fat response to low doses of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
    • Peterson, D. G., L. H. Baumgard, and D. E. Bauman. 2002. Short communication: Milk fat response to low doses of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). J. Dairy Sci. 85:1764-1766.
    • (2002) J. Dairy Sci , vol.85 , pp. 1764-1766
    • Peterson, D.G.1    Baumgard, L.H.2    Bauman, D.E.3
  • 40
    • 0026847264 scopus 로고
    • Composition and flavor of milk and butter from cows fed unsaturated dietary fat and receiving bovine somatotropin
    • Stegeman, G. A., R. J. Baer, D. J. Schingoethe, and D. P. Casper. 1992. Composition and flavor of milk and butter from cows fed unsaturated dietary fat and receiving bovine somatotropin. J. Dairy Sci. 75:962-970.
    • (1992) J. Dairy Sci , vol.75 , pp. 962-970
    • Stegeman, G.A.1    Baer, R.J.2    Schingoethe, D.J.3    Casper, D.P.4
  • 41
    • 0001176577 scopus 로고
    • Altering milk composition by feeding
    • Sutton, J. D. 1989. Altering milk composition by feeding. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2801-2814.
    • (1989) J. Dairy Sci , vol.72 , pp. 2801-2814
    • Sutton, J.D.1
  • 42
    • 0026232176 scopus 로고
    • Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition
    • Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
    • (1991) J. Dairy Sci , vol.74 , pp. 3583-3597
    • Van Soest, P.J.1    Robertson, J.B.2    Lewis, B.A.3
  • 43
    • 0035639921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary influence on a desirable fatty acid composition in milk from dairy cattle
    • Voigt, J., and H. Hagemeister. 2001. Dietary influence on a desirable fatty acid composition in milk from dairy cattle. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10:87-103.
    • (2001) J. Anim. Feed Sci , vol.10 , pp. 87-103
    • Voigt, J.1    Hagemeister, H.2
  • 44
    • 40949110861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid metabolism in dairy cows
    • Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Accessed February 14, 2007
    • Wattiaux, M. A., and R. R. Grummer. 2004. Lipid metabolism in dairy cows. In: Dairy Essentials, Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://babcock.cals.wisc.edu/ downloads/de/04.en.pdf Accessed February 14, 2007.
    • (2004) Dairy Essentials
    • Wattiaux, M.A.1    Grummer, R.R.2
  • 45
    • 0036372254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish oil and extruded soybeans fed in combination increase conjugated linoleic acids in milk of dairy cows more than when fed separately
    • Whitlock, L. A., D. J. Schingoethe, A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, R. J. Baer, N. Ramaswamy, and K. M. Kasperson. 2002. Fish oil and extruded soybeans fed in combination increase conjugated linoleic acids in milk of dairy cows more than when fed separately. J. Dairy Sci. 85:234-243.
    • (2002) J. Dairy Sci , vol.85 , pp. 234-243
    • Whitlock, L.A.1    Schingoethe, D.J.2    Hippen, A.R.3    Kalscheur, K.F.4    Baer, R.J.5    Ramaswamy, N.6    Kasperson, K.M.7
  • 46
    • 0028300281 scopus 로고
    • Dietary and ruminally derived trans-18:1 fatty acids alter bovine milk lipids
    • Wonsil, B. J., J. H. Herbein, and B. A. Watkins. 1994. Dietary and ruminally derived trans-18:1 fatty acids alter bovine milk lipids. J. Nutr. 124:556-565.
    • (1994) J. Nutr , vol.124 , pp. 556-565
    • Wonsil, B.J.1    Herbein, J.H.2    Watkins, B.A.3
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0033236163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows
    • Wright, T. C., B. J. Holub, and B. W. McBride. 1999. Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79:565-568.
    • (1999) Can. J. Anim. Sci , vol.79 , pp. 565-568
    • Wright, T.C.1    Holub, B.J.2    McBride, B.W.3
  • 49
    • 40949096801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional manipulation of functional foods derived from herbivores for human nutritional benefits
    • Herbivores. Q. X. Meng, J. X. Liu, and W.Y. Zhu, ed. China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, China
    • Wright, T. C., N. E. Odongo, N. D. Scollan, and B. W. McBride. 2007. Nutritional manipulation of functional foods derived from herbivores for human nutritional benefits. Pages 357-396 in Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Nutr. Herbivores. Q. X. Meng, J. X. Liu, and W.Y. Zhu, ed. China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, China.
    • (2007) Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Nutr , pp. 357-396
    • Wright, T.C.1    Odongo, N.E.2    Scollan, N.D.3    McBride, B.W.4
  • 50
    • 40949094731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zorrilla-Rios, J., J. D. Garza, and F. N. Owens. 1990. Fate of drinking water in ruminants: Simultaneous comparison of two methods to estimate ruminai evasion. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta, Res. Rep. MP-129:167-169. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
    • Zorrilla-Rios, J., J. D. Garza, and F. N. Owens. 1990. Fate of drinking water in ruminants: Simultaneous comparison of two methods to estimate ruminai evasion. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta, Res. Rep. MP-129:167-169. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.