Fight or Flight: The Ethics of Emergency Physician Disaster Response

Annals of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 345-353

  Iserson, Kenneth V ^a   Heine, Carlton E ^b   Larkin, Gregory Luke ^c   Moskop, John C ^d   Baruch, Jay ^e   Aswegan, Andrew L ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Skagit Valley Hospital   (United States)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f Union Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; DISASTER PLANNING; EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MORALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

DECISION MAKING; DISASTERS; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; HUMANS; MORALS; PHYSICIANS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 40949119426     PISSN: 01960644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.07.024     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PandemicFlu.gov/AvianFlu.gov. http://answers.pandemicflu.gov Accessed February 21, 2007
2. Sepkowitz K.A. Occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. Ann Intern Med. 125 (1996) 826-834
3. Reilley B., Herp M., Sermand D., et al. SARS and Carlo Urbani. N Engl J Med. 348 (2003) 1951-1952
4. Pellerin C. U.S. tuberculosis case raises questions on global disease issues-50,000 cases of extensively drug-resistant TB pose world health risk. http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y= 2007&m=June&x=20070607155623lcnirellep1.011294e-02 Accessed July 11, 2007
5. Raviglione M., and Smith I. XDR tuberculosis-implications for global public health. N Engl J Med. 356 (2007) 656-659
6. Inglesby T.V., Grossman R., and O'Toole T. A plague on your city: observations from TOPOFF. Clin Infect Dis. 32 (2001) 436-445
7. Lanzilotti S.S., Galanis D., Leoni N., et al. Hawaii medical professionals assessment. Hawaii Med J. 61 (2002) 162-173
8. Qureshi K., Gershon R.R.M., Sherman M.F., et al. Health care workers' ability and willingness to report to duty during catastrophic disasters. J Urban Health 82 (2005) 378-388
9. Walsh J. Refutation of the charges of cowardice against Galen. Ann Med Hist. 3 (1931) 195-208
10. Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. 2.47.4, 431 BCE.
11. Emery E.W. The Black Death of 1348 in Perpignan. Speculum 42 (1967) 511-623
12. Jonsen A. A Short History of Medical Ethics (2000), Oxford University Press, New York, NY. http://www.bioethics.net/journal/j_articles.php?aid=63 Cited in: Huber SJ, Wynia MK. When pestilence prevails ... physician responsibilities in epidemics. Am J Bioethics. 2004;4:W5. Available at: http://www.bioethics.net/journal/j_articles.php?aid=63. Accessed February 3, 2007
13. Huber S.J., and Wynia M.K. When pestilence prevails ... physician responsibilities in epidemics. Am J Bioethics 4 (2004) W5. http://www.bioethics.net/journal/j_articles.php?aid=63 Available at: http://www.bioethics.net/journal/j_articles.php?aid=63. Accessed February 3, 2007
14. Loewy E.H. Duties, fears and physicians. Soc Sci Med. 22 (1986) 1363-1366
15. Prager K.M. What? Physicians won't treat AIDS?. New York Timed (October 23, 1987) A39
16. Brillman J.C., Sklar D.P., Davis K.D., et al. Hantavirus: emergency department response to a disaster from an emerging pathogen. Ann Emerg Med. 24 (1994) 429-436
17. Straus S.E., Wilson K., Rambaldini G., et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and its impact on professionalism: qualitative study of physicians' behaviour during an emerging healthcare crisis. BMJ 329 (2004) 83-87
18. Baker R. The American Medical Ethics Revolution: How the AMA's Code of Ethics Has Transformed Physicians' Relationships to Patients, Professionals and Society (1999), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD 1
19. Zuger A., Miles S.H., Zuger A., et al. Physicians, AIDS, and occupational risk. Historic traditions and ethical obligations. JAMA 258 (1987) 1924-1928
20. Clark C. In harm's way: AMA physicians and the duty to treat. J Med Philosophy 30 (2005) 65-87
21. American Medical Association. Declaration of Professional Responsibility. Adopted by the AMA House of Delegates (December 2001), American Medical Association, Chicago, IL. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7491.html Available at: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7491.html. Accessed February 17, 2007
22. American College of Emergency Physicians. Code of ethics for emergency physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 43 (2004) 686-694
23. American Medical Association. Code of medical ethics, article VI. 2001. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/upload/mm/369/2001_principles.pdf Accessed 17 February 2007
24. Riddick F.J. The code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association. Ochsner J. 5 (2003) 6-10
25. Phua D.H., Tang H.K., and Tham K.Y. Coping responses of emergency physicians and nurses to the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak. Acad Emerg Med. 11 (2004) 452-453
26. North Carolina Institute of Medicine, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health. Stockpiling Solutions: North Carolina's Ethical Guidelines for an Influenza Pandemic (2007), North Carolina Task Force on Ethics and Pandemic Influenza Planning, Durham, NC
27. Sokol D.K. Virulent epidemics and scope of healthcare workers' duty of care. Emerg Infect Dis. 12 (2006) 1238-1241
28. Pelligrino E.D. Character, virtue and self interest in the ethics of the professions. J Contemporary Health Law Policy S (1989) 453-473
29. Altman L. Asian medics stay home, imperiling respirator patients. New York Times (March 21, 2003) A6
30. American College of Emergency Physicians. Survey-emergency medicine one year after Katrina August 2006. http://www.acep.org/NR/rdonlyres/ED6CC502-F9AE-4DCE-A318-85F5C9899DFA/0/ KatrinaSurveyFinal.pdf Accessed July 8, 2007
31. Asaeda G. World Trade Center attack. NYFD. http://www.yalenewhavenhealth.org/emergency/2005CONGRESS/Day1Track3/Asae da.pdf Accessed July 13, 2007
32. Hsin D.H., and Macer D.R.J. Heroes of SARS: professional roles and ethics of health care workers. J Infect. 49 (2004) 210-215
33. Gladwell M. Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005), Little, Brown, and Company, New York, NY 11-12
34. Perina D.G., and Chisholm C.D. Physician wellness in an academic career. SAEM. http://www.saem.org/publicat/chap12.html Accessed July 12, 2007
35. Mitchell J.T. When disaster strikes. The critical incident stress debriefing process. J Emerg Med Serv 8 (1983) 36-39
36. Associated Press. New Orleans police fire 51 for desertion-45 officers, 6 civilians fired for abandoning posts before or after Katrina, Oct 31, 2005. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9855340 Accessed July 13, 2007
37. Slovic P. Perception of risk. Science 236 (1987) 280-285
38. McNeil Jr. D.G. When a disease loses its most potent ally, fear. New York Times (March 26, 2006)
39. Public Health Agency of Canada. The Canadian pandemic influenza plan for the health sector: Canada, 2006. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cpip-pclcpi Accessed July 13, 2007
40. UK Department of Health. U.K. Health Departments' influenza pandemic contingency plan: United Kingdom, 2006. http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/10/44/37/04104437.pdf Accessed July 13, 2007
41. US Department of Health and Human Services. HHS pandemic influenza plan: United States, 2006. http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/pandemicplan Accessed July 13, 2007
42. Kempton R.A. How safe is safe?. Communicating risk to decision makers. Proceedings of a symposium of the Edinburgh International Science Festival (7 April 1998). http://www.bioss.sari.ac.uk/topics/howsafe.html Available at: http://www.bioss.sari.ac.uk/topics/howsafe.html. Accessed April 2, 2007
43. Iserson K.V. The most difficult healthcare decisions: part 3: who allocates scarce healthcare resources [video]?. http://www.crestaznm.org Accessed June 2, 2007
44. Gray S.H. Professional experiences-personal dangers. Lecture given at the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, St. Michael's Hospital, IICE 2005; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; June 22 (2005)
45. Balicer R.D., Omer S.B., Barnett D.J., et al. Local public health workers' perceptions toward responding to an influenza pandemic. BMC Public Health 6 (2006) 99. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1459127 Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1459127. Accessed February 1, 2007
46. Covello V.T. Risk perception, risk communication, and EMF exposure: tools and techniques for communicating risk information. In: Matthes R., Bernhardt J.H., and Repacholi M.H. (Eds). Risk Perception, Risk Communication, and Its Application to EMF Exposure: Proceedings of the World Health Organization/ICNRP International Conference (ICNIRP 5/98) (1998), International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Vienna, Austria 179-214
47. Vincent T., Covello V.T., Peters R.G., et al. Risk communication, the West Nile virus epidemic, and bioterrorism: responding to the communication challenges posed by the intentional or unintentional release of a pathogen in an urban setting. J Urban Health Bull N Y Acad Med. 78 (2001) 382-391
48. US Department of Health and Human Services. Communicating in a Crisis: Risk Communication for Public Officials (2002), US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 63. http://www.riskcommunication.samhsa.gov/RiskComm.pdf Available at: http://www.riskcommunication.samhsa.gov/RiskComm.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2007
49. Lambe S., Washington D.L., Fink A., et al. Trends in the use and capacity of California's emergency departments, 1990-1999. Ann Emerg Med. 39 (2002) 389-396