Everything is Dangerous: Some Post-structural Tools for Rethinking the Universal Knowledge Claims of Human Rights Law

Australian Journal of Human Rights

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 17-47

  Otto, Dianne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 40849149453     PISSN: 1323238X     EISSN: 2573573X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1323238X.1999.11911007     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. Henkin L ‘Introduction’ in Henkin L (ed) The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Columbia University Press, New York (1981) 1, 7.
2. Sohn L ‘The New International Law: Protection of the Rights of Individuals Rather Than States’ (1982) 32 Ameiican University Law Review 1, 16;
3. Kaladharan Nayar M G ‘Introduction: Human Rights: The United Nations and United States Foreign Policy’ (1978) 19 Hanmd International Law Journal 813, 816-7;
4. Smart C Law, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism Sage Publications, London (1995) pp 7-9
5. Leary V A ‘The Effect of Western Perspectives on International Human Rights’ in Ahmen An-Naim A and Deng F M(eds) Human Rights in Africa: Cross Cultural Perspectives The Brookings Institution, Washington DC (1990) p 24.
6. Cranston M ‘What are Human Rights?' in Laqueur W and Rubin B (eds) The Human Rights Reader New American Library, New York (1979) pp 17-25;
7. Bailey P Human Rights: Australia in an International Context Butterworths, Sydney (1990) pp 11-17.
8. Marx K ‘On the Jewish Question’ in Christopher Pierson (ed) The Marx Readei Polity Press, Cambridge (1997) pp 42-44;
9. Kolalowski L ‘Marxism and Human Rights’ (1983) 112(4) Daedalus 81;
10. Lafort C ‘Politics and Human Rights’ in The Political Forms of Modern Society: Bureaucracy, Democracy, Totalitarianism Polity Press, Cambridge (1986) 239-72.
11. Williams R A ‘Encounters on the Frontiers of International Human Rights Law: Redefining the Terms of Indigenous Peoples Survival in the World’ (1990) Duke Law Journal 660;
12. Morgan E M ‘The Imagery and Meaning of Self Determination’ (1988) 20 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 355;
13. Williams P and Chrisman L (eds) Colonial Discourse and Postcolonial Theoiy: A Readei Columbia University Press, New York (1994)
14. Torres G and Milun K ‘Translating Yonnondio by Precedent and Evidence: The Mashpee Indian Case’ (1990) Duke Law Journal 625;
15. Guha R and Chakravorty G Spivak (eds) Selected Subaltern Studies Oxford University Press, New York (1988);
16. ‘Interpreting Oriental Cases: The Law of Altemity in the Colonial Courtroom’ (1994) 107 Harvard Law Review 1711;
17. Pannikar R ‘Is the Notion of Human Rights a Western Concept?' (1982) 120 Diogenes 76.
18. Bunch C ‘Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human Rights’ (1990) 12 Human Rights Quarterly 486;
19. V Peterson S ‘Whose Rights? A Critique of the “Givens” in Human Rights Discourse’ (1990) 15 Alternatives 303;
20. Charlesworth H ‘What are “Women’s International Human Rights”' in Cook R J (ed) Human Rights of Women University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia (1994) p 58
21. Cook RJ ‘Women’s International Human Rights Law: The Way Forward’ (1993) 15 Human Rights Quarterly 230;
22. Romany C ‘State Responsibility Goes Private: A Feminist Critique of the Public/Private Distinction in International Human Rights Law’ in Cook R J (ed) Human Rights of Women University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia (1994) p 85;
23. Morgan W and Walker K ‘Tolerance and Homosex: A Policy of Control and Containment’ (1995) 20 Melbourne University Law Review 202
24. Dorf J and Perez C ‘Discrimination and the Tolerance of Difference: International Lesbian Human Rights’ in Peters J and Wolper A (eds) Women’s Rights Human Rights Routledge, New York (1995) p 324.
25. World Commission on the Emnronment and Dezvlopment, Our Common Future Oxford University Press, New York (1987);
26. Marks S ‘Emerging Human Rights: A New Generation for the 1980s?' (1981) 33 Rutgers Law Review 435;
27. Alston P ‘Peace as a Human Right’ (1980) 11 Bulletin of Peace Proposals 319.
28. Alston P ‘Making Space for New Human Rights: The Case of the Right to Development’ (1988) 1 Harimd Human Rights Yearbook 3, 22.
29. Manuel G and Polsins M The Fourth World: An Indian Reality Collier-Macmillan, Ontario, Canada (1974).
30. Ferdinand Teson ‘International Human Rights and Cultural Relativity’ (1985) 25 Virginia Journal of International Law 869, 886-8
31. Pollis A and Schwab P ‘Human Rights: A Western Construct with Limited Applicability’ in Pollis and Schwab (eds) Human Rights: Cultural and Ideological Perspectives Praeger New York (1979) 1;
32. Donnelly J ‘Human Rights and Human Dignity: An Analytic Critique of Non-Western Conceptions of Human Rights’, (1982) 76 American Political Science Reinew 303.
33. Cheah P “Posit(ion)ing Human Rights in the Current Global Conjuncture’, (1997) 9 Public Culture 233, 237.
34. Bayefsky A F ‘Cultural Sovereignty, Relativism, and International Human Rights: New Excuses for Old Strategies’ (1996) 9 Ratio Juris 42, 51;
35. Teson ‘International Human Rights and Cultural Relativity’ (1985) 25 Virginia Journal of Intellectual Law 869, 895.
36. C Davies M C (ed) Human Rights and Chinese Values Oxford University Press, Hong Kong (1995) 205-9.
37. Otto D ‘Holding Up Half The Sky, But For Whose Benefit? A Critical Analysis of the Fourth World Conference on Women’ (1996) 6 Australian Feminist Law Journal 7, 19.
38. Boaventura de Sousa Santos ‘Three Metaphors for a New Conception of Law: The Frontier, the Baroque and the South’ (1995) 29(4) Law and Society Reineiv 569, 574-6.
39. Cornell D Transformations: Kecollective Imagination and Sexual Difference Routledge, New York (1993) p 1.
40. Seidman S Liberalism and the Origins of European Social Theory University of California Press, Berkeley (1983).
41. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) p 221.
42. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) pp 96-97.
43. Kuhn T The Structure of Scientific Revolutions University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2nd ed 1990);
44. O’Hear A Introduction to the Philosophy of Science Clarendon Press, Oxford (1989);
45. Harding S The Science Question in Feminism Cornell University Press, Ithaca (1986).
46. Foucault M ‘Truth and Power’ in Gordon C (ed), Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) 109, 131-2
47. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) 78, 93.
48. Scott J W Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference: or, the Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism’ (1988) 14 Feminist Studies 33, 35.
49. Foucault M ‘Questions of Method’ in Burchell G, Gordon C and Miller P (eds), The Foucault Effect University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1991) pp 73, 79.
50. Smart C Law, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism Sage Publications, London (1995) p 10.
51. Descartes R Mediations on First Philosophy Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis (1993).
52. Teson F ‘The Kantian Theory of International Law’ (1992) 92 Columbia Law Review 53, 54.
53. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) pp 6-7.
54. Weedon C Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory B Blackwell, Oxford UK (1987) p 21.
55. Butler J, Gender Trouble: Feminism an the Subversion of Identity Routledge, New York (1990);
56. Haney Lopez I F ‘The Social Construction of Race’ in Delgardo R (ed) Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge Temple University Press, Philadelphia (1995) p 191.
57. Hartsock N ‘Foucault on Power: A Theory for Women?' in Nicholson L J (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) 133 and 157;
58. Fiss O M ‘The Death of the Law’, (1986) 72 Cornell Law Review 1.
59. Grosz E ‘Philosophy’ in Gunew S (ed) Feminist Knowledge: Critique and Construction Routledge, New York (1990) p 150
60. Irigaray L This Sex Which Is Not One Cornell University Press, Ithaca (1985).
61. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) p 177.
62. de Saussure F Course In General Linguistics McGraw-Hill, New York (1959).
63. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) p 221, 229-240.
64. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) p 234.
65. Derrida J Positions University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1981) p 41.
66. Grosz E Space, Time and Perversion: The Politics of Bodies (1995) p 53.
67. Derrida J Positions University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1981) p 41.
68. Boyle J ‘Ideals and Things: International Legal Scholarship and the Prison-House of Language’ (1985) 26 Harvard International Law Journal 327, 334
69. Edward Said ‘Forward’ in Guha R and Chakravorty Spivak G (eds) Selected Subalteran Studies Oxford University Press, New York (1988) v-x.
70. Guha R ‘The Prose of Counter-Insurgency’ in Guha R and Chakravorty Spivak H (eds) Selected Subalteran Studies Oxford University Press, New York (1988) p 45.
71. Edward Said Orientalism Penguin, London (1978/1995) p 12.
72. Pateman C The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism and Political Theonj Polity Press, Cambridge (1989);
73. Charlesworth H, Chinkin C and Wright S ‘Feminist Approaches to International Law’ (1991) 85 American Journal of Intel national Law 613.
74. Alexander M J ‘Not Just (Any) Body Can be a Citizen: The Politics of Law, Sexuality and Postcoloniality in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas’ (1994) 48 Feminist Review 5;
75. Robson R Lesbian (Out)Law: Survival Under the Rule of Law Firebrand, Ithaca New York (1992).
76. Morgan, ‘The Imagery and Meaning of Self Determination’ (1990) 20 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 355.
77. Flax J Thinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary West University of California Press, Berkeley (1990) p 8.
78. Nicholson LJ ‘Introduction’ in Nicholson LJ (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) p 4.
79. Butler J ‘Gender Trouble, Feminist Theory, and Psychanalytic Discourse’ in J Nicholson L J (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) p 336.
80. Williams J ‘Deconstructing Gender’, (1989) 87 Michigan Law Review 797.
81. Scott J W ‘Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference: or, the Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism’ (1988) 14 Feminist Studies pp 33, 35.
82. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 93.
83. Grosz E Space, Time and Perversion: The Politics of Bodies (1995) p 43.
84. Foucault M ‘Truth and Power’ in Gordon C (ed), Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) 109, 131-2
85. Smart C Law, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism Sage Publications, London (1995) p 216.
86. Foucault M ‘Truth and Power’ in Gordon C (ed), Powei/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) pp 115-6.
87. Foucault M The History of Sexuality, Volume 1 Penguin, London (1976) p 82.
88. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 88.
89. Evgeny Pashukanis Law and Marxism: A General Theory Ink links, London (1978).
90. Hunt A ‘Foucault’s Expulsion of Law: Towards a Retrieval’ (1992) 17 Law and Social Inquiry 1, 10.
91. Gordon C ‘Afterword’ in Gordon (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) 229, 234.
92. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 98.
93. Foucault M The Histoiy of Sexuality, Volume 1 Penguin, London (1976) pp 92-93.
94. Foucault M The Histoiy of Sexuality, Volume 1 Penguin, London (1976) p 92.
95. Foucault M The Histoiy of Sexuality, Volume 1 Penguin, London (1976) p 99.
96. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 99.
97. Grosz E ‘Philosophy’ in Sneja Gunew (ed) Feminist Knowledge: Critique and Construction Routledge, New York (1990) pp 85-86.
98. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Colin Gordon (ed) Pouvr/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 83.
99. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Colin Gordon (ed) Pouvr/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 81.
100. Foucault M The History of Sexuality, Volume I Penguin, London (1976);
101. Foucault M Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Penguin, London (1975/1979) p 90.
102. Chakrabarty D ‘Marx After Marxism: History, Subalternity and Difference’ (1993) 52 Meanjin 421, 422.
103. Williams P The Alchemy of Race and Rights Harvard University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts (1991).
104. Hunt A ‘Foucault’s Expulsion of Law: Towards a Retrieval’ (1992) 17 Law and Social Inquiiy 1, 8.
105. Foucault M ‘Space, Knowledge and Power’ in Rabinow P (ed) The Foucault Reader Penguin, Harmondsworth, Middlesex (1986) p 245
106. Foucault M The Fiistory of Sexuality, Volume 1 Penguin, London (1976) p 93.
107. Foucault M ‘Truth and Power’ in Gordon C (ed), Powei/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 117.
108. Foucault M ‘Questions on Geography’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester, Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) pp 73-74.
109. Foucault M ‘The Subject and Power’ in Dreyfus H L and Rabinow P (eds) Michel Foucault, Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1982) pp 221-2.
110. Gordon C, ‘Government Rationality: An Introduction’ p 5.
111. Probyn E ‘Travels in the Postmodern: Making Sense of the Local’ in Nicholson L J (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) 176, 181-2.
112. Probyn E ‘Travels in the Postmodern: Making Sense of the Local’ in Nicholson L J (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) p 96.
113. Foucault M ‘Interview With Lucette Finas’ L in Morris and Patten (eds) Michel Foucault: Power, Truth, Strategy Feral Publications, Sydney (1978) p 63.
114. Foucault M The History of Sexuality, Volume I Penguin, London (1976) p 95.
115. Foucault M Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Penguin, London (1975/1979) p 90.
116. Foucault M Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Penguin, London (1975/1979) p 223.
117. Foucault M Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Penguin, London (1975/1979), p 104.
118. Foucault M Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Penguin, London (1975/1979) p 107.
119. Foucault M Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Penguin, London (1975/1979) p 303.
120. Foucault M The History of Sexuality, Volume 1 Penguin, London (1976) p 139.
121. Grosz E ‘Philosophy’ in Gunew S (ed) Feminist Knowledge: Critique and Construction Routledge, New York (1990) p 89.
122. Grosz E ‘Philosophy’ in Gunew S (ed) Feminist Knowledge: Critique and Construction Routledge, New York (1990) p 86.
123. Brown W States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity Princeton University Press, Princeton New Jersey (1991) 27;
124. Smart C Feminism and the Power of Law Routledge, London (1989) 163;
125. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Company, Sydney (1994) p 32.
126. Smart C ‘Law’s Power, the Sexed Body, and Feminist Discourse’ (1990) 17 Journal of Law and Society 194, 197.
127. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Co, Sydney (1994) p 104-110.
128. Posner R Economic Analysis of Law Little, Brown, Boston (1986);
129. Easterbrook F, ‘The Inevitability of Law and Economics’ (1989) 1 Legal Education Review 3.
130. Mossman M J ‘Feminism and Legal Method: The Difference it Makes’ (1986) 3 Australian Journal of Law and Society 9.
131. Smart C Feminism and the Power of Law Routledge, London (1989) p 11.
132. Kennedy D ‘Primitive Legal Scholarship’ (1986) 27 Harvard International Law Journal 1.
133. Anghie A ‘Francis de Vitoria and the Colonial Origins of International Law’ (1996) 5 Social and Legal Studies 321.
134. Anghie A ‘Francis de Vitoria and the Colonial Origins of International Law’ (1996) 5 Social and Legal Studies 333.
135. Otto D ‘Subaltemity and International Law: The Problems of Global Community and the Incommensurability of Difference’ (1996) 5 Social and Legal Studies 337, 341-2.
136. Henkin L ‘Introduction’ in Henkin L (ed) The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Columbia University Press, New York (1981);
137. Oscar Schachter ‘Human Dignity as a Normative Concept’ (1983) 77 American Journal of International Law 848.
138. Finnis J Natural Law and Natural Rights Claredon Press, Oxford (1980) 290.
139. Kennedy D ‘Sources of International Law’ (1987) 2 American University Journal of International Law and Policy 1.
140. Weil P ‘Towards Relative Normativity in International Law’ (1983) 77 American Journal of International Law 413.
141. Davies M C (ed) Human Rights and Chinese Values Oxford University Press, Hong Kong (1995).
142. Tasioulas J ‘In Defence of Relative Normativity: Communitarian Values and the Nicaragua Case’ (1996) 16 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 85;
143. R St Macdonald J and M Johnston D M (eds) The Structure and Process of International Law: Essays in Legal Philosphy Doctrine and Theory Nijhoff M, Boston (1983) p 17.
144. Boyle J ‘Ideals and Things: International Legal Scholarship and the Prison-House of Language’ (1985) 26 Hanmrd International Law Journal 358.
145. Boyle J ‘Ideals and Things: International Legal Scholarship and the Prison-House of Language’ (1985) 26 Hanmrd International Law Journal 332.
146. Gordon C, ‘Government Rationality: An Introduction’ in Burchell G, Gordon C and Miller P (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality Harvester, Wheatsheaf London (1991) p 7.
147. Foucault M, ‘Truth and Power’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Sussex (1990) p 108
148. Smart C ‘Feminism and Law: Some Problems of Analysis and Strategy’ (1986) 14 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 116.
149. Davies M Asking the Law Question Law Book Co, Sydney (1994) p 120.
150. Derrida J ‘Force of Law: The “Mystical Foundations of Authority’" (1990) 11 Cardozo Law Review 921, 941.
151. Foucault M ‘Governmentality’ in Burchell G, Gordon C and Miller P (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (1991) p 87.
152. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 95.
153. Foucault M The History of Sexuality, Volume I Penguin, London (1976) p 89.
154. Smart C Lazo, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism Sage Publications, London (1995) pp 15-18.
155. Smart C Lazo, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism Sage Publications, London (1995) p 17.
156. Smart C Lazo, Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism Sage Publications, London (1995) p 162.
157. Butler J ‘Gender Trouble, Feminist Theory, and Psychanalytic Discourse’ in Nicholson L J (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) p 336;
158. Williams J ‘Deconstructing Gender’, (1989) 87 Michigan Law Review 797.
159. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 96.
160. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 108.
161. Foucault M ‘On Popular Justice: A Discussion with Maoists’ in Gordon C (ed) Power/Knowledge Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1972/1980) p 1.
162. Gordon C, ‘Government Rationality: An Introduction’ in Burchell G, Gordon C and Miller P (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Covernmentality Harvester, Wheatsheaf London (1991) p 46.
163. Foucault M ‘Two Lectures’ in Colin Gordon (ed) Pmvei/Knmvledge The Harvester Press, Brighton Sussex (1980) p 81.
164. Yeatman A ‘A Feminist Theory of Social Differentiation’ in Nicholson LJ (ed) Feminism/Postmodernism Routledge, New York (1990) p 290.