Petrography and textural development of inorganic and biogenic lithotypes in a relict barite tufa deposit at Flybye Springs, NT, Canada

Sedimentology

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 275-303

  Bonny, Sandy M ^a   Jones, Brian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Barite; Biogenic texture; Flybye Springs; Lithotype; Microfossil; Spring; Travertine; Tufa

Indexed keywords

BARITE; LITHOTYPE; OXIDATION; PETROGRAPHY; PRECIPITATION (CHEMISTRY); RECRYSTALLIZATION; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; SUPERSATURATION; TEXTURE; TRAVERTINE; TUFA;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; NORTHWEST TERRITORIES;

RANGIFER TARANDUS;

EID: 40849119830     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: 13653091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00899.x     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Aharon, P. (2000) Microbial processes and products fueled by hydrocarbons at submarine seeps. In: Microbial Sediments (Eds R.E. Riding and S.M. Awramik), pp. 270-281. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
2. Aloisi, G., Wallmann, K., Bollwerk, S.M., Derkachev, A., Bohrmann, G. and Suess, E. (2004) The effect of dissolved barium on biogeochemical processes at cold seeps. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 1735-1748.
3. Andrews, J.E. (2006) Palaeoclimatic reords from stable isotopes in riverine tufas: Synthesis and review. Earth-Sci. Rev., 75, 85-104.
4. Andrews, J.E. and Brasier, A.T. (2005) Seasonal records of climatic change in annually laminated tufas: Short review and future prospects. J. Quatern. Sci., 20, 411-421.
5. Andrews, J.E., Riding, R. and Dennis, P.F. (1997) The stable isotope record of environmental and climatic signals in modern terrestrial microbial carbonates from Europe. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 129, 171-189.
6. Arenas, C., Gutierrex, F., Osacar, C. and Sancho, C. (2000) Sedimentology and geochemistry of fluvio-lacustrine tufa deposits controlled by evaporite solution subsidence in the central Ebro Depression, NE Spain. Sedimentology, 47, 883-909.
7. Arp, G., Theil, V., Reimer, A., Michaelis, W. and Reitner, J. (1999) Biofilm exopolymers control microbialite formation at thermal springs discharging into the alkaline Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA. Sed. Geol., 126, 159-176.
8. Awramik, S.M., Margulis, L. and Barghoorn, E.S. (1976) Evolutionary processes in the formation of stromatolites. In: Stromatolites (Ed. M.R. Walter), Dev. Sedimentol., 20, 149-162.
9. Banerjee, N.R. and Muehlenbachs, K. (2003) Tuff life: Bioalteration in volcaniclastic rocks from the Ontong Java Plateau. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4, 1037, doi: 10.1029/2002GC000470.
10. Bogoch, R. and Shirav, M. (1978) Petrogenesis of a Senonian barite deposit, Jean Desert, Israel. Mineral. Deposita, 13, 383-390.
11. Bonny, S. and Jones, B. (2003) Relict tufa at Miette Hot Springs, Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci., 40, 1459-1481.
12. 4) biomineralisation at Flybye Springs, a cold sulphur spring system in Canada's Northwest Territories, Canada. J. Earth Sci., 44, 835-856.
13. Bonny, S. and Jones, B. (2007b) Diatom-mediated barite precipitation in microbial mats calcifying at Stinking Springs, a warm sulphur spring system in Northwester Utah, USA. Sed. Geol., 194, 223-244.
14. Bottrell, S.H. and Raiswell, R. (2000) Suphur isotopes and microbial sulphur cycling in sediments. In: Microbial Sediments (Eds R.E. Riding and S.M. Awramik). pp. 96-104. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
15. Bove, D. and Felmlee, J.K. (1982) Mineralogy and autoradiography of selected mineral-spring precipitates in the western United States. US Geol. Surv., Open-file Report 82-792, 74 pp.
16. Brigmon, R.L., Martin, H.W., Morris, T.L., Bitton, G. and Zam, S.G. (1994) Biogeochemical ecology of Thiothrix spp. in underwater limestone caves. Geomicrobiol. J., 12, 141-159.
17. Buick, R., Dunlop, J.S.R. and Grooves, D.I. (1981) Stromatolite recognition in ancient rocks: An appraisal of irregularly laminated structures in an Early Archaean chert-barite unit from North Pole, Western Australia. Alcheringa, 5, 161-181.
18. Burhan, R.Y.P., Trendel, J.M., Adam, P., Wehrung, P., Albrecht, P. and Nissenbaum, A. (2002) Fossil bacterial ecosystem at methane seeps; origin of organic matter from Be'eri sulfur deposit, Israel. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 4085-4101.
19. Cadigan, R.A. and Felmlee, J.K. (1977) Radioactive springs geochemical data related to uranium exploration. J. Geochem. Exp., 8, 381-395.
20. Canet, C., Prol-Ledesma, R.M., Torres-Alvarado, I., Gilg, H.A., Villanueva, R.E. and Cruz, R.L.-S. (2005) Silica-carbonate stromatolites related to coastal hydrothermal venting in Baia Concepcion, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Sed. Geol., 174, 97-113.
21. Carroue, J.-P. (1996) Une presentation originale de la barytine ou des stromatolithes de poids. Min. Foss., 246, 21-22.
22. Carthew, K.D., Taylor, M.P. and Drysdale, R.N. (2006) An environmental model of fluvial tufas in the monsoonal tropics, Barkly karst, northern Australia. Geomorphology, 73, pp. 78-100.
23. Castanier, S., Le Metayer-Levrel, G. and Perthuisot, J.-P. (2000) Bacterial roles in the precipitation of carbonate minerals. In: Microbial Sediments (Eds R. Riding and S.M. Awramik), pp. 32-39. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
24. Castenholz, R.W. (1976) The effect of sulfide on the blue green algae of hot springs. I. New Zealand and Iceland. J. Phycol., 12, 54-68.
25. Cecile, M.P. (2000) Geology of the Northeastern Niddery Lake Map Area, East-central Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories. Geol. Surv. Can. Bull., 553, 120 pp.
26. Cecile, M.P., Goodfellow, W.D., Jones, L.D., Krouse, H.R. and Shakur, M.A. (1984) Origin of radioactive barite sinter, Flybye Springs, Northwest Territories, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci., 21, 383-395.
27. Chafetz, H.S. and Folk, R.L. (1984) Travertines: Depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constitutents. J. Sed. Petrol., 54, 289-316.
28. Chafetz, H.S. and Meredith, J.C. (1983) Recent travertine pisoliths (pisoids) from Southeastern Idaho, USA. In: Coated Grains (Ed. T.M. Peryt), pp. 450-455. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
29. 3 precipitates: An example from an active travertine system. Sedimentology, 38, 107-126.
30. Clowes, F. (1889) Deposits of barium sulphate from mine-water. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 46, 368-369.
31. Craig, S. and Bloch, R.L. (1981) Radioactive springs in the watershed of a proposed reservoir in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma; origin and environmental effect. Geology, 9, 195-199.
32. Das, S. and Mohanti, M. (1997) Holocene microbial tufas: Orissa state, India. Carbonates Evaporites, 12, 204-219.
33. Douglas, S. and Douglas, D.D. (2001) Structural and geomicrobiological characteristics of a microbial community from a cold sulfide spring. Geomicrobiol. J., 18, 201-422.
34. Drysdale, R.N., Taylor, M.O. and Ihlenfeld, C. (2003) Factors controlling the chemical evolution of travertine-depositing rivers of the Barkly karst, northern Australia. Hydrol. Proc., 16, 2941-2962.
35. Elshahed, M.S., Senko, J.M., Dewers, T.A., Spear, J.R., Najar, F.Z., Kenton, S.M., Roe, B.A. and Krumholz, L.R. (2003) Bacterial diversity and sulfur cycling in a mesophilic sulfide-rich spring. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 5609-5621.
36. Emig, W.H. (1917) Travertine deposits of Oklahoma. Bull. Oklahoma Geol. Surv. Bull., 76 pp.
37. van Everdingen, R.O. (1972) Thermal and Mineral Springs in the Southern Rocky Mountains of Canada. Water Management Service, Department of the Environment, Environment Canada, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 151 pp.
38. Fagel, N., Andre, L. and Debrabant, P. (1997) Multiple seawater-derived geochemical signatures in Indian oceanic pelagic clays. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 989-1008.
39. Folk, R.L. and Chafetz, H.S. (1983) Pisoliths (pisoids) in Quaternary travertines of Tivoli, Italy. In: Coated Grains (Ed. T.M. Peryt), pp. 474-487. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
40. Folk, R.L. and Lynch, F.L. (2001) Organic matter, putative nannobacteria and the formation of ooids and hardgrounds. Sedimentology, 48, 215-229.
41. Folk, R.L., Chafetz, H.S. and Tiezzi, P.A. (1985) Bizarre forms of depositional and diagenetic calcite in hot-spring travertines, central Italy. In: Carbonate Cements (Eds N. Schneidermann and P.M. Harris), SEPM Spec. Publ., 36, 349-369.
42. Ford, T.D. and Pedley, H.M. (1996) A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world. Earth-Sci. Rev., 41, 117-175.
43. Freytet, P. and Verrecchia, E.P. (1999) Calcitic radial palisadic fabric in freshwater stromatolites: Diagenetic and recrystallized feature or physicochemical sinter crust? Sed. Geol., 126, 97-102.
44. Fu, B., Aharon, P., Byerly, G.R. and Roberts, H.H. (1994) Barite chimneys on the Gulf of Mexico slope; initial report of their petrography and geochemistry. Geo-Mar. Lett., 14, 81-87.
45. Fuji, J. and Kano, A. (2000) Origin of the gross morphology and internal texture of tufas of Shirokawa Town, Ehime Prefecture, southwest Japan. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn, 106, 397-412.
46. Gaoudie, A.S. and Viles, H.A. (1990) Tufas, travertines, and allied carbonate deposits. Prog. Phys. Geogr., 14, 19-41.
47. Glamoclija, M., Garrel, L., Berthon, J. and Lopez-Garcia, P. (2004) Biosignatures and bacteria diversity in hydrothermal deposits of Solfatara Crater, Italy. Geomicrobiol. J., 21, 529-541.
48. Guo, L. and Riding, R. (1998) Hot-spring travertine facies and sequences, Late Pleistocene, Rapolan Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 45, 163-180.
49. Guo, L. and Riding, R. (2002) Rapid facies changes in Holocene fissure ridge hot spring travertines, Rapolano Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 46, 1145-1158.
50. Hannington, M.S. and Scott, S.D. (1988) Mineralogy and geochemistry of a hydrothermal silica sulfide sulfate spire in the Caldera of axial seamount, Juan-de-Fuca Ridge. Can. Mineral., 26, 603-625.
51. Hanor, J.S. (2000) Barite-celestine geochemistry and environments of formation. Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 40, 193-275.
52. Huston, D.L. and Logan, G.A. (2004) Barite, BIFs and bugs: Evidence for the evolution of the Earth's early hydrosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 220, 41-55.
53. Irion, G. and Muller, G. (1968) Mineralogy, petrology and chemical composition of some calcareous tufa from Schwabische Alb, Germany. In: Recent Developments in Carbonate Sedimentology in Central Europe (Eds G. Muller and G.M. Friedman), pp. 157-171. Springer-Verlag, New York.
54. Janssen, A., Swennen, R., Podoor, N. and Keppens, E. (1999) Biological and diagenetic influence in recent and fossil tufa deposits from Belgium. Sed. Geol., 126, 75-95.
55. Jewell, P.W. (2000) Bedded barite in the geologic record. SEPM Spec. Publ., 66, 147-161.
56. Jiang, G.Q., Kennedy, M.J., Christie-Blick, N., Wu, H.C. and Zhang, S.H. (2006) Stratigraphy, sedimentary structures, and textures of the late neoproterozoic doushantuo cap carbonate in south Chian. J. Sed. Res., 76, 978-995.
57. Jones, B. (1989) Calcite rafts, peloids, and micrite in cave deposits from Cayman Brac, British West Indies. Can. J. Earth Sci., 26, 654-664.
58. Jones, B. and Renaut, R.W. (1996) Morphology and growth of aragonite crystals in hot spring travertines at Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley. Sedimentology, 43, 323-340.
59. Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. and Rosen, M.R. (1998) Microbial biofacies in hot-spring sinters: A model based on Ohaaki Pool, North Island, New Zealand. J. Sed. Res., 68, 413-434.
60. Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. and Rosen, M.R. (2001) Microbial construction of siliceous stalactites at geysers and hot springs: Examples from the Whakarewarewa Geothermal area, North Island, New Zealand. Palaios, 14, 73-94.
61. Kam, S.I. and Rosen, W.R. (1999) Anomalous capillary pressure, stress, and stability of solids-coated bubbles. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 213, 329-339.
62. Kano, A., Matsuoka, J., Kojo, T. and Fujii, H. (2004) Origin of annual laminations in tufa deposits, southwest Japan. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 91, 243-262.
63. Karnachuk, O.V., Kurochkina, S.Y. and Tuovinen, O.H. (2002) Growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria with solid-phase electron acceptors. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 58, 482-486.
64. Konhauser, K.O. (1997) Bacterial iron biomineralisation in nature. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 20, 315-326.
65. Konhauser, K.O., Jones, B., Reysenbach, A.-L. and Renaut, R.W. (2003) Hot spring sinters; keys to understanding Earth's earliest life forms. Can. J. Earth Sci., 40, 1713-1724.
66. Larkin, J.M. and Henk, M.C. (1996) Filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria at hydrocarbon seeps of the Gulf of Mexico. Microsc. Res. Tech., 33, 23-31.
67. Lindgren, W. (1933) Mineral deposits, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill Publishers, New York, 930 pp.
68. Love, K.M. and Chafetz, H.S. (1988) Diagenesis of laminated travertine crusts, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. J. Sed. Petrol., 58, 441-445.
69. 4 system in relation to barite formation. Geochem. Int., 20, 70-80.
70. Matsuoka, J., Kano, A., Oba, T., Watanabe, T., Sakai, S. and Seto, K. (2001) Seasonal variation of stable isotopic compositions recorded in a laminated tufa, SW Japan. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 192, 31-44.
71. Maynard, J.B. and Okita, P.M. (1991) Bedded barite deposits of the U.S., Canada, Germany, and China: Two major types based on tectonic setting. Econ. Geol., 86, 364-376.
72. Nelson, D.C. (1987) Physiology and biochemistry of filamentous sulfur bacteria. In: Autotrophic Bacteria (Eds H.G. Schlegel and B. Bowein), pp. 219-238. Science Tech Publishers, Madison, WI.
73. Orberger, B., Gallien, J.-P., Pinti, D.L., Fialin, M., Daudin, L., Grocke, D.R. and Pasava, J. (2005) Nitrogen and carbon partitioning in diagenetic and hydrothermal minerals from Palaeozoic Black Shales, (Selwyn Basin, Yukon Territories, Canada). Chem. Geol., 218, 249-264.
74. Ozerova, N.A., Naboko, S.I. and Vinogradov, V.I. (1971) Sulphides of mercury, antimony, and arsenic, forming from the active thermal spring of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands. J. Soc. Min. Geol. Jpn, Spec. Iss., 2, 164-171.
75. Ozkul, M., Varol, B. and Alcicek, M.C. (2002) Depositional environments and petrography of Denizli travertines. Bull. Min. Res. Explor. Inst. Turkey, 125, 13-29.
76. Palinkas, L.A., Pezdeic, J. and Sinkovec, B. (1993) The Lokve Barite Deposit, Croatia: An example of early diagenetic sedimentary ore deposits. Geol. Croat., 46, 97-106.
77. Pentecost, A. (1981) The tufa deposits of the Malham District, North Yorkshire. Field Stud., 5, 365-387.
78. Pentecost, A. (2005) Travertine. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 429 pp.
79. Pentecost, A. and Riding, R. (1986) Calcification in cyanobacteria. In Biomineralisation in Lower Plants and Animals (Eds B.S.C. Leadbeater and R. Riding), Syst. Assoc. Spec., 20, 73-90.
80. Radanovic-Guzvica, B. (1999) The average structural density of barite crystals of different habit types. Geol. Croat., 52, 59-65.
81. Renaut, R.W., Jones, B. and Le Turdu, C. (1999) Calcite lilypads and ledges at Lorusio Hot Springs, Kenya Rift Valley: Travertine precipitation at the air-water interface. Can. J. Earth Sci., 36, 649-666.
82. Richardson, J.R., Evans, J.E. and Yacobucci, M.M. (2004) Assessing the preservation potential of biogenic features in pre-Quaternary tufas and travertines - applications to exobiology. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstracts with Programs, 36, 474.
83. Riding, R.E. and Awramik, S.M. (2000) Microbial Sediments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 331 pp.
84. Riedinger, N., Kasten, S., Groger, J., Franke, C. and Pfeifer, K. (2006) Active and buried authigenic barite fronts in sediments from the Eastern Cape Basin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 876-887.
85. Sanchez-Moral, S., Luque, L. and Canaveras, J.C. (2004) Bioinduced barium precipitation in St. Callixtus and Domitilla catacombs. Ann. Microbiol., 54, 1-12.
86. Sanders, W.E. (1998) Rate and Mechanism of Barite Mineralisation at Zodletone Mountain, Southwestern Oklahoma. MSc Thesis. University of Oklhoma, Norman, 150 pp.
87. Sant'Anna, L.G., Riccomini, C., Rodriques-Francisco, B.H., Sial, A.N., Carvalho, M.D. and Moura, C.A.V. (2004) The Palaeocene travertine system of the Itaborai basin, Southeastern Brazil. J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 18, 11-25.
88. Sasaki, N. and Minato, H. (1982) Relationship between lattice constants and strontium and calcium contents of hokutolite. Mineral. J., 11, 62-71.
89. Sawlowicz, Z. (2000) Framboids: From their origin to application. Pr. Mineral., 88, 1-80.
90. Schultze-Lam, S. and Beveridge, T.J. (1993) Nucleation of celestite and strontianite on a cyanobacterial S-layer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., February, 447-453.
91. Senko, J.M., Campbell, B.S., Henriksen, J.R., Elshahed, M.S., Dewers, T.A. and Krumholz, L.R. (2004) Barite deposition resulting from phototrophic sulfide-oxidizing bacterial activity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 773-780.
92. Seong-Joo, L., Browne, K.M. and Golubic, S. (2000) On stromatolite lamination. In: Microbial Sediments (Eds R.E. Riding and S.M. Awramik), pp. 16-24. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
93. Shikazono, N. (1994) Precipitation mechanisms of barite in sulfate-sulfide deposits in back-arc basins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 2203-2213.
94. Smith, E., Hamilton-Taylor, J., Davison, W., Fullwood, N.J. and McGrath, M. (2004) The effect of humic substances on barite precipitation-dissolution behaviour in natural and synthetic lake waters. Chem. Geol., 207, 81-89.
95. Suganuma, I. (1928) On the constituents and genesis of a few minerals produced from hot springs and their vicinities in Japan. I. The Akita Hokutolite. J. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 3, 69-73.
96. Takashima, C. and Kano, A. (2005) Depositional processes of travertine developed Shionoha hot spring, Nara Prefecture, Japan. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn, 111, 751-764.
97. Taylor, M.O., Drysdale, R.N. and Carthew, K.D. (2004) The formation and environmental significance of calcite rafts in tropical tufa-depositing rivers of northern Australia. Sedimentology, 51, 1089-1101.
98. Tazaki, K. and Watanabe, H. (2004) Biomineralisation of radioactive sulfide minerals in strong acidic Tamagawa Hot Springs. Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., 49, 1-24.
99. Tazaki, K., Webster, J. and Fyfe, W.S. (1997) Transformation processes of microbial barite to sediments in Antarctica. Jpn. J. Geol., 26, 63-68.
100. 4 solid-solution series from the Bahaceciktepe Celestine deposit, Sivas, east-central Anatolia, Turkey. Can. Mineral., 40, 895-908.
101. Torres, M.E., Bohrmann, G., Dube, T.E. and Poole, F.G. (2003) Formation of modern and Palaeozoic stratiform barite at cold methane seeps on continental margins. Geology, 31, 897-900.
102. Walter, W.R., Des Marais, D.J. (1993) Preservation of biological information in thermal spring deposits; developing a strategy for the search for fossil life on Mars. Icarus, 101, 129-143.
103. Weed, W.H. (1889) Formation of travertine and siliceous sinter by the vegetation of hot springs. US Geol. Surv. Ann. Rep., 9, 613-676.
104. Younger, P. (1986) Barite travertine from southwestern Oklahoma and west-central Colorado. MSc Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 163 pp.