Measurement bias across gender on the children's depression inventory: Evidence for invariance from two latent variable models

Educational and Psychological Measurement

Volumn 68, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 281-303

  Carle, Adam C ^a   Millsap, Roger E ^b   Cole, David A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Depression; Factor analysis; Measurement bias; Sex differences

Indexed keywords

EID: 40849104946     PISSN: 00131644     EISSN: 15523888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0013164407308471     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Bartholomew, D.J. (1980). Factor analysis for categorical data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 42, 293-321.
2. Bartholomew, D.J. (1984). Scaling binary data using a factor model. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 46, 120-123.
3. Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
4. Blazer, D., Kessler, R., McConagle, K., & Swartz, M. (1994). The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 979-986.
5. Blumberg, S.H. & Izard, C.E. (1986). Discriminating patterns of emotions in 10- and 11-year old childrens anxiety and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 852-857.
6. Bollen, K.A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
7. Brent, D.A., Holder, D., Kolko, D., Birmaher, B., Baugher, M., Roth, C., et al. (1997). A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression comparing cognitive, family, and supportive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 877-885.
8. Byrne, B. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic applications and programs. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9. Byrne, B.M., & Baron, P. (1993). The Beck Depression Inventory: Testing and cross-validating a hierarchical factor structure for nonclinical adolescents. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 26, 164-178.
10. Byrne, B.M., Baron, P., & Baley, J. (1996). The Beck Depression Inventory: Testing for its factorial validity and invariance across gender for Bulgarian non-clinical adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 641-651.
11. Byrne, B.M., Baron, P., & Baley, J. (1998). The Beck Depression Inventory: A cross-validated test of second-order factorial structure for Bulgarian adolescents. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58, 241-251.
12. Byrne, B.M., Baron, P., & Campbell, T.L. (1993). Measuring adolescent depression: Factorial validity and invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory across gender. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, 127-143.
13. Byrne, B.M., Baron, P., & Campbell, T.L. (1994). The Beck Depression Inventory (French version): Testing for gender-invariant factorial structure for nonclinical adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 9, 166-179.
14. Byrne, B.M., & Campbell, T.L. (1999). Cross-cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalent measurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 555-574.
15. Carey, M.P., Faulstich, M.E., Gresham, F.M., Ruggiero, L., & Enyart, P. (1987). Childrens Depression Inventory: Construct and discriminant validity across clinical and nonreferred (control) populations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 755-761.
16. Cheung, G.W. & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
17. Christoffersson, A. (1975). Factor analysis of dichotomized variables. Psychometrika, 40, 5-32.
18. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
19. Cole, D.A., Hoffman, K., Tram, J.M., & Maxwell, S.E. (2000). Structural differences in parent and child reports of childrens symptoms of depression and anxiety. Psychological Assessment, 12, 174-185.
20. Cole, D.A., Martin, J.M., Peeke, L., Henderson, A., & Harwell, J. (1998). Validation of depression and anxiety measures in White and Black youths: Multitrait-multimethod analyses. Psychological Assessment, 10, 261-276.
21. Cole, S.R. (1999). Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale-10. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 53, 319-320.
22. Craighead, E.W., Smucker, M.R., Craighead, L.W., Ilardi, S.S. (1998). Factor analysis of the Childrens Depression Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10, 156-166.
23. Demars, C.E. (2005). Type I error rates for Parscales fit index, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65, 42-50.
24. DeRoos, Y.S. & Allen-Meares, P. (1992). Rasch analysis: Its description and use analyzing the Childrens Depression Inventory. Journal of Social Service Research, 16, 1-17.
25. Drucker, P., & Greco-Vigorito, C. (2002). An exploratory factor analysis of Childrens Depression Inventory in young children of substance abusers. Psychological Reports, 19, 131-141.
26. Embretson, S. & Reise, S.P. (2000). Item response theory for psychologists. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
27. Fristad, M., Emery, B., & Beck, S. (1997). Use and abuse of the Childrens Depression Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 699-702.
28. Gallo, J.J., James, A.C., & Muthn, B.O. (1994). Age differences in the symptoms of depression: A latent trait analysis. Journal of Gerontology, 49, 251-264.
29. Green, S.B., & Babyak, M.A. (1997). Control of Type I errors with multiple tests of constraints in structural equation modeling. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 39-51.
30. Hambleton, R.K. (1985). Item response theory. Boston: Kluwer.
31. Helsel, W.J., & Matson, J.L. (1984). The assessment of depression in children: The internal structure of the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI). Behavioral Research and Therapy, 22, 289-298.
32. Henson, R.K. (2001). Understanding internal consistency reliability estimates: A conceptual primer on coefficient alpha. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 177-189.
33. Hodges, K.K., Siegel, L., Mullins, L., & Griffin, N. (1983). Factor analysis of the Childrens Depression Inventory. Psychological Reports, 53, 759-763.
34. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424-453.
35. Huang, C.D., Church, A.T., & Katigbak, M.S. (1997). Identifying cultural differences in items and traits: Differential item functioning in the NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 192-218.
36. Kazdin, A.E., French, N.H., & Unis, A.A. (1983). Child, mother, and father evaluations of depression in psychiatric inpatient children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 167-180.
37. Knight, G., Tien, J.Y., Shell, R., & Roosa, M. (1992). The cross-ethnic equivalence of parenting and family interaction measures among Hispanic and Anglo-American families. Child Development, 63, 1392-1403.
38. Knight, G.P., & Hill, N.E. (1998). Measurement equivalence in research involving adolescents. In V. C. McLoyd and L. Steinberg. (Eds.), Studying minority adolescents: Conceptual, methodological, and health issues (pp. 183-210). Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum.
39. Kovacs, M. (1981). Rating scales to assess depression in school aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 46, 305-315.
40. Kovacs, M. (1992). Childrens depression inventory. New York: Multi-Health Systems.
41. Kovacs, M., & Bastiaens, L.J. (1995). The psychotherapeutic management of major depressive and dystymic disorders in childhood and adolescence: Issues and prospects. In I. M. Goodyer (Ed.), The depressed child and adolescent: Developmental and clinical perspectives 325-352. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
42. Lange, R., Thalbourne, M.A.A., Houran, J., & Lester, D. (2002). Depressive symptomatology due to gender and culture based differential item functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 937-954.
43. Lazzoni, A., Debry, M., & Peree, F. (1997). Assessment of child depression: A study of the unidimensionality of the Kovacs Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI). European Review of Applied Psychology, 47, 53-64.
44. Lewinsohn, P.M., Hops, H., Roberts, R.E., Seeley, J.R., & Andrews, J.A. (1993). Adolescent psychopathology. I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 133-144.
45. Lobovits, D.A., & Handel, P.J. (1985). Childhood depression: Prevalence among DSM-III criteria and validity of parent and depression scales. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 10, 45-54.
46. McDonald, R.P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
47. Mellenbergh, G.J. (1989). Item bias and item response theory. International Journal of Educational Research, 13, 127-143.
48. Millsap, R.E. (1997). Invariance in measurement and prediction: Their relationship in the single-factor case. Psychological Methods, 2, 248-260.
49. Millsap, R.E., & Yun-Tein, J. (2004). Assessing factorial invariance in ordered-categorical measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 479-515.
50. Mislevy, R.J. (1986). Recent developments in the factor analysis of categorical variables. Journal of Educational Statistics, 11, 3-31.
51. Muraki, E., & Bock, R.D. (2003). PARSCALE: IRT based test scoring and item analysis. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
52. Muthn, B.O. (1978). Contributions to factor analysis of dichotomized variables. Psychometrika, 43, 551-560.
53. Muthn, B.O. (1984). A general structure equation model with dichotomous, ordered categorical and continuous latent variable indicators. Psychometrika, 49, 115-132.
54. Muthn, B.O. (1998-2004). Mplus technical appendices. Los Angeles: Muthn & Muthn.
55. Muthn, L.K., & Muthn, B.O. (2002). Mplus Users Guide. Los Angeles: Muthn & Muthn.
56. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 259-282.
57. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Sex differences in depression. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
58. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J.S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 11, 424-443.
59. Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
60. Pentz, M.A., & Chou, C.P. (1994). Measurement invariance in longitudinal clinical research assuming change from development and intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 450-462.
61. Prelow, H., Tien, J.Y., Roosa, M.W., & Wood, J. (2000). Do coping styles differ across sociocultural groups? The role of measurement equivalence in making this judgment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 225-244.
62. Reid, R., DuPaul, G.J., Power, T.J., Anastopoulos, A.D., Rogers-Adkinson, D., Noll, M.B., et al. (1998). Assessing culturally different students for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using behavior rating scales. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 187-198.
63. Roberts, R., Roberts, C., & Chen, R. (1997). Ethnocultural differences in prevalence of adolescent depression. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 95-110.
64. Saylor, C.F., Finch, A.J., Jr., Spirito, A., & Bennett, B. (1984). The Childrens Depression Inventory: A systematic evaluation of psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 955-967.
65. Schafer, J., & Caetano, R. (1996). The DSM-IV construct of cocaine dependence in a treatment sample of Black, Mexican American, and White men. Psychological Assessment, 8, 304-311.
66. Smith, L., & Reise, S.P. (1998). Gender differences on negative affectivity: An IRT study of differential item functioning on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Stress Reaction Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1350-1362.
67. Smucker, M., Craighead, W., Craighead, L., & Green, B. (1986). Normative and reliability data for the Childrens Depression Inventory. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 25-39.
68. Steiger, J.H. (1998). A note on multiple sample extensions of the RMSEA fit index. Structural Equation Modeling, 5, 411-419.
69. Thissen, D., Chen, W., & Bock, M. (2003). Multilog 7. In M. Du Toit (Ed.), IRT from SSI. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
70. Thissen, D., Steinberg, L., & Wainer, H. (1993). Detection of differential item functioning using the parameters of item response models. In P. W. Holland & H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 67-113). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
71. Waller, N.G., Thompson, J.S., & Wenk, E. (2000). Using IRT to separate measurement bias from true group differences on homogeneous and heterogeneous scales: An illustration with the MMPI. Psychological Methods, 5, 125-146.
72. Weiss, B., Weisz, J.R., Politano, M., Carey, M., Nelson, W.M., & Finch, A.J. (1991). Developmental differences in the factor structure of the Childrens Depression Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 3, 1-8.
73. Worchel, F.F., Hughes, J.N., Hall, B.M., Stanton, S.B., Stanton, H. & Little, V.Z. (1990). Evaluation of subclinical depression in children using self-, peer-, and teacher-report methods. Journal of Applied Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 271-282.
74. Wright, B.D., & Masters, G.N. (1982). Rating scale analysis. Chicago: MESA Press.