Ion evaporation from Taylor cones of propylene carbonate mixed with ionic liquids

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Volumn 591, Issue , 2007, Pages 437-459

  Guerrero, I ^a   Bocanegra, R ^a   Higuera, F J ^b   De La Mora, J Fernandez ^a  

^a Yale University   (United States)

^b Technical University of Madrid UPM   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ENERGY; CARBONATION; DIELECTRIC MATERIALS; DROPS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; EVAPORATION; IONIC LIQUIDS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MIXTURES; PROPYLENE; TANTALUM COMPOUNDS;

1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL PERMITTIVITY; ELECTRICAL PROPULSION; ION-CURRENT MEASUREMENT; LEAKY DIELECTRIC MODELS; MAXIMUM ELECTRIC FIELD; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY;

IONS;

AQUEOUS SOLUTION; CARBONATE; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ION; MIXING; MODELING; REACTION KINETICS;

TRIFLUORO;

EID: 40849099200     PISSN: 00221120     EISSN: 14697645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112007008348     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. BARRERO, A., GAÑÁN-CALVO, A. M., DÁVILA, J., PALACIOS, A. & GÓMEZ-GONZÁLEZ, E. 1999 The role of the electrical conductivity and viscosity on the motions inside Taylor cones. J. Electrostatics 47, 13-26.
2. BARRERO, A., LOPEZ-HERRERA, J. M., BOUCARD, A., LOSCERTALES, I. G. & MARQUEZ, M. 2004 Steady cone - jet electrosprays in liquid insulator baths. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 272, 104-108.
3. BOCANEGRA, R., FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. & GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. 2004 Ammonium electrolytes quench ion evaporation in colloidal propulsion. J. Propulsion Power 20, 728-735.
4. CARRETERO, J. A. 2005 Numerical simulation of a single emitter colloid thruster in pure droplet cone - jet mode. PhD Thesis, MIT
5. CHEN, D.-R. & PUI, D. Y. H. 1997 Experimental investigation of scaling laws for electrospraying: Dielectric constant effect. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 27, 367-380.
6. CHERNEY, L. T. 1999 Structure of Taylor cone - jets: Limit of low flow rates. J. Fluid Mech. 378, 167-196.
7. CLOUPEAU, M. & PRUNET-FOCH, B. 1989 Electrostatic spraying of liquids in cone - jet mode. J. Electrostatics 22, 135-159.
8. CLOUPEAU, M. & PRUNET-FOCH, B. 1990 Electrostatic spraying of liquids. Main functioning modes. J. Electrostatics 23, 165-184.
9. CLOUPEAU, M. & PRUNET-FOCH, B. 1994 Electrohydrodynamic spraying functioning modes: A critical review. J. Aerosol Sci. 25, 1021-1036.
10. COOK, K. D. 1986 Electrohydrodynamic mass-spectrometry. Mass Spectrometry Rev. 5, 467-519.
11. ESPINA-TRIGO, M. A. 2004 Proyecto de Fin de Carrera (Senior Thesis). Polytechnical University, Madrid (Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Aeronáuticos).
12. FENN, J. B., MANN, M., MENG, C. K., WONG, S. K. & WHITEHOUSE, C. 1989 Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Science 246, 64-71.
13. FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 2007 The fluid dynamics of Taylor cones. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 39, 217-243.
14. FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. & LOSCERTALES, I. G. 1994 The current emitted by highly conducting Taylor cones. J. Fluid Mech. 260 155-184.
15. FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J., NAVASCUÉS, J., FERNÁNDEZ, F. & ROSELL-LLOMPART, J. 1990 Generation of submicron monodisperse aerosols in electrosprays. J. Aerosol Sci. 21, S673-S676.
16. - clusters. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 16, 717-732.
17. GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. & FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 2000a Direct measurement of ion evaporation kinetics from electrified liquid surfaces. J. Chem. Phys. 113, 815-832.
18. GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. & FERNaNDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 2000b Kinetics of small ion evaporation from the charge and size distributions of multiply charged electrospray clusters. J. Mass Spectrometry 35, 790-803.
19. GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. & HRUBY, V. 2001 Electrospray as a source of nanoparticles for efficient colloid thrusters. J. Propulsion Power 17, 977-987.
20. GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. & HRUBY, V. 2002 Electric measurements of charged sprays emitted by cone - jets. J. Fluid Mech. 459, 245-276.
21. GAÑÁN-CALVO, A. 1997 cone - jet analytical extension of Taylor's electrostatic solution and the asymptotic universal scaling laws in electrospraying. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 217-220.
22. GAÑÁN-CALVO, A. M. 1999 The surface charge in electrostatic spraying: Its nature and its universal scaling laws. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, 863-872.
23. GAÑÁN-CALVO, A. M. 2004 On the general scaling theory for electrospraying. J. Fluid Mech. 507, 203-212.
24. GAÑÁN-CALVO, A. M., DÁVILA, J. & BARRERO, A. 1997 Current and droplet size in the electrospraying of liquids. Scaling laws. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, 249-275.
25. HIGUERA, F. J. 2003a Flow rate and electric current emitted by a Taylor cone. J. Fluid Mech. 484, 303-327.
26. HIGUERA, F. J. 2003b Ion evaporation from the surface of a Taylor cone. Phys. Rev. E 68, 016304.
27. HIGUERA, F. J. 2004 Liquid flow induced by ion evaporation in an electrified meniscus. Phys. Rev. E 69, 066301.
28. HUBERMAN, M. N. 1970 Measurement of the energy dissipated in the electrostatic spraying process. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 578-584.
29. HUBERMAN, M. N. & ROSEN, S. G. 1974 Advanced high-thrust colloid sources. J. Spacecraft 11, 475-480.
30. IRIBARNE, J. V. & THOMSON, B. A. 1976 On the evaporation of small ions from charged droplets. J. Chem. Phys. 64, 2287-2294.
31. KU, B. K. & FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 2004 Ion evaporation kinetics of tetra-alkylammonium salts in formamide solution. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 14915-14923.
32. LANDAU, L. D. & LIFSHITZ, E. M. 1960 Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, Chap. 2. Pergamon.
33. LOSCERTALES, I. G. & FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 1995 Experiments on the kinetics of field-evaporation of small ions from droplets. J. Chem. Phys. 103, 5041-5060.
34. LOZANO, P. 2003 Studies on the ion-droplet mixed regime in colloid thrusters. PhD Thesis, MIT.
35. LOZANO, P. & MARTINEZ-SANCHEZ, M. 2005 Ionic liquid ion sources: characterization of externally wetted emitters. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 282, 415-421.
36. MARTINEZ-SANCHEZ, M., FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J., HRUBY, V, GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. & KHAYMS, V. 1999 Research on colloid thrusters. 26th Intl Electric Propulsion Conference, Kitakyushu, Japan, pp. 93-100. Electric Rocket Propulsion Society.
37. MCEWEN, A. B., NGO, H. L., LECOMPTE, K. & GOLDMAN, J. L. 1999 Nonaqueous electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: Imidazolium cations and inorganic fluorides with organic carbonates. J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 1687-1995.
38. NOTZ, P. K. & BASARAN, O. A. 1999 Dynamics of drop formation in an electric field. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 213, 218-237.
39. PEREL, J., MAHONEY, J. F., MOORE, R. D. & YAHIKU, A. Y. 1969 Research and development of a charged-particle bipolar thruster. AIAA J. 7, 507-511.
40. PREWETT, P. D. & MAIR, G. L. R. 1991 Focused Ion Beams from LMIS. Wiley.
41. REZNIK, S. N., YARIN, A. L., THERON, A. & ZUSSMAN, E. 2004 Transient and steady shapes of droplets attached to a surface in a strong electric field. J. Fluid Mech. 516, 349-377.
42. RIDDICK, J. A., BUNGER, W. B. & SAKANO, T. K. 1986 Organic Solvents, Vol. 11, 4th Edn, Wiley.
43. ROMERO-SANZ, I., AGUIRRE-DE-CARCER, I. & FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 2005 Ionic propulsion based on heated Taylor cones of ionic liquids. J. Prop. Power 21, 239-242.
44. ROMERO-SANZ, I., BOCANEGRA, R., FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. & GAMERO-CASTAÑO, M. 2003 Source of heavy molecular ions based on Taylor cones of ionic liquids operating in the pure ion evaporation regime. J. Appl. Phys. 94, 3599-3605.
45. ROMERO-SANZ, I. & FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA. J. 2004 Spatial structure and energy distribution of electrosprays of ionic liquids in vacuo. J. Appl. Phys. 95, 2123-2129.
46. ROSELL-LLOMPART, J. & FERNANDEZ DE LA MORA, J. 1994 Generation of monodisperse droplets 0.3 to 4 μm in diameter from electrified cone - jets of highly conducting and viscous liquids. J. Aerosol Sci. 25, 1093-1119.
47. SAVILLE, D. A. 1997 Electrohydrodynamics: The Taylor-Melcher leaky dielectric model. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 29, 27-64.
48. TAYLOR, G. I. 1964 Disintegration of water drops in an electric field. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 280, 383-397.
49. ZELENY, J. 1917 Instability of electrified liquid surfaces. Phys. Rev. 10, 1-6.