Platinum-group elements in sulfide minerals and the whole rocks of the J-M Reef (Stillwater Complex): Implication for the formation of the reef

Chemical Geology

Volumn 248, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 272-294

  Godel, Bélinda ^a   Barnes, Sarah Jane ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À CHICOUTIMI   (Canada)

Author keywords

J M Reef parental magma; Laser ablation ICP MS; Palladium redistribution; Platinum group elements; Sulfide

Indexed keywords

BASE METAL; COPPER; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA METHOD; ISOTOPIC RATIO; MAGMA CHAMBER; MAGNETITE; NICKEL; PALLADIUM; PENTLANDITE; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT; REEF; SILICON; SULFIDE GROUP;

EID: 40749151537     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.05.006     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Barnes S.J., and Maier W.D. Platinum-group elements and microstructures of normal Merensky Reef from Impala platinum mines, Bushveld Complex. Journal of Petrology 43 1 (2002) 103-128
2. Barnes S.J., and Lightfoot P.C. Formation of magmatic nickel sulfide deposits and processes affecting their copper and platinum group element contents. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume (2005) 179-213
3. Barnes S.J., Cox R., and Zientek M. Platinum-group element, gold, silver and base metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152 2 (2006) 187-200
4. Barnes S.J., and Naldrett A.J. Geochemistry of the J-M (Howland) Reef of the Stillwater Complex, Minneapolis Adit Area. I. Sulfide chemistry and sulfide-olivine equilibrium. Economic Geology 80 (1985) 627-645
5. Barnes S.J., and Naldrett A.J. Geochemistry of the J-M Reef of the Stillwater Complex, Minneapolis Adit Area II. Silicate mineral chemistry and petrogenesis. Journal of Petrology 27 4 (1986) 791-825
6. Barnes S.J., Makovicky E., Makovicky M., RoseHansen J., and KarupMoller S. Partition coefficients for Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ir between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide liquid and the formation of compositionally zoned Ni-Cu sulfide bodies by fractional crystallization of sulfide liquid. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34 4 (1997) 366-374
7. Bédard L.P., and Barnes S.J. A comparison of the capacity of FA-ICP-MS and FA-INAA. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 254 2 (2002) 319-329
8. Boudreau A.E., and Mc Callum I.S. Concentration of platinum-group elements by magmatic fluids in layered intrusions. Economic Geology 87 7 (1992) 1830-1848
9. Boudreau A.E., and Mc Callum I.S. Infiltration metasomatism in layered intrusions - an example from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 52 1-3 (1992) 171-183
10. Bow C., Wolfgram D., Turner A.R., Barnes S.J., and Evans J. Investigations of the Howland Reef of the Stillwater Complex, Minneapolis Adit area: stratigraphy, structure, and mineralization. Economic Geology 77 (1982) 1481-1492
11. Brügmann G.E., Naldrett A.J., Asif M., Lightfoot P.C., Gorbachev N.S., and Fedorenko V.A. Siderophile and chalcophile metals as tracers of the evolution of the Siberian Trap in the Noril'sk region, Russia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57 9 (1993) 2001-2018
12. Cabri L.J., Blank H., El Goresy A., Laflamme J.H.G., Nobiling R., Sizgoric M.B., and Traxel K. Quantitative trace-element analyses of sulfides from Sudbury and Stillwater by proton microprobe. Canadian Mineralogist 22 (1984) 521-542
13. Campbell I.H., and Naldrett A.J. The influence of silicate:sulfide ratios on the geochemistry of magmatic sulfides. Economic Geology 74 (1979) 1503-1505
14. Campbell I.H., Naldrett A.J., and Barnes S.J. A model for the origin of the platinum-rich sulfide horizons in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes. Journal of Petrology 24 2 (1983) 133-165
15. Crocket J.H. Platinum-group element geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks. In: Cabri L.J. (Ed). Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Benefication of Platinum Group Element. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume vol. 54 (2002) 553-580
16. Czamanske G.K., Zientek, G.K. 1985. The Stillwater Complex, Montana : geology and guide. (ed.) Butte, Montana: Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, Special publication/Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, no. 92, 396.
17. Czamanske G.K., and Loferski P.J. Cryptic trace-element alteration of anorthosite, Stillwater Complex, Montana. Canadian Mineralogist 34 (1996) 559-579
18. Gervilla F., Cabri L.J., Kojonen K., Oberthür T., Weiser T.W., Johanson B., Sie S.H., Campbell J.L., Teesdale W.J., and Laflamme J.H.G. Platinum-group element distribution in some ore deposits: results of EPMA and Micro-PIXE analyses. Microchimica Acta 147 3 (2004) 167-173
19. Godel B., Barnes S.J., and Maier W.D. 3-D distribution of sulfide minerals in the Merensky Reef (Bushveld Complex, South Africa) and the J-M Reef (Stillwater Complex, USA) and their relationship to microstructures using X-ray computed tomography. Journal of Petrology 47 (2006) 1853-1872
20. Godel, B., Barnes, S.-J., Maier, W. D., in press. Platinum-group elements in sulfide minerals, platinum-group minerals and the whole rock of the Merensky Reef (Bushveld Complex, South Africa): implication for the formation of the reef. Journal of Petrology.
21. Hanley J.J., Mungall J.E., and Spooner E.T.C. Fluid and melt inclusion evidence for platinum-group element transport by high salinity fluids and halide melts below the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana, U.S.A. 10th International Platinum Symposium "Platinum-Group Elements - from Genesis to Beneficiation and Environmental Impact", Törmänen, T. O. & Alapieti, T. T., Oulu, Finland, Geological Survey of Finland, Extended Abstract (2005) 94-97
22. Hanley J.J., Pettke T., Mungall J.E., and Spooner E.T.C. The solubility of platinum and gold in NaCl brines at 1.5 kbar, 600 to 800[deg]C: a laser ablation ICP-MS pilot study of synthetic fluid inclusions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 10 (2005) 2593-2611
23. Kinloch E.D. Regional trends in the platinum-group mineralogy of the critical zone of the Bushveld Complex, South-Africa. Economic Geology 77 6 (1982) 1328-1347
24. Kullerud G., Yund R.A., and Moh G.H. Phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S, Cu-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-S systems. Economic Geology Monographs 4 (1969) 323-343
25. Lechler P.J., Arehart G.B., and Knight M. Multielement and isotopic geochemistry of the J-M Reef, Stillwater Intrusion, Montana. 9th International Platinum symposium, Billings, Abstract Programm (2002) 245-248
26. Li C., and Ripley E.M. Formation of Pt-Fe alloy by desulfurization of Pt-Pd sulfide in the J-M Reef of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. Canadian Mineralogist 44 (2006) 895-903
27. Li C., Ripley E.M., Merino E., and Maier W.D. Replacement of base metal sulfides by actinolite, epidote, calcite, and magnetite in the UG2 and Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Economic Geology 99 1 (2004) 173-184
28. Li C., Barnes S.J., Makovicky E., Rose-Hansen J., and Makovicky M. Partitioning of Ni, Cu, Ir, Rh, Pt, and Pd between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide liquid: effects of composition and temperature. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60 7 (1996) 1231-1238
29. Lorand J.P., Alard O., Luguet A., and Keays R.R. Sulfur and selenium systematics of the subcontinental lithosperic mantle: inferences from the Massif Central xenolith suite (France). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67 21 (2003) 4137-4151
30. Mason P.R.D., and Kraan W.J. Attenuation of spectral interferences during laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) using an rf only collision and reaction. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 17 8 (2002) 858-867
31. Mc Callum I.S., Raedeke L.D., and Mathez E.A. Investigations of the Stillwater Complex: part I. Stratigraphy and structure of the banded zone. American Journal of Science 280-A (1980) 59-87
32. McCallum I.S., Thurber M.W., O'Brien H.E., and Nelson B.K. Lead isotopes in sulfides from the Stillwater Complex, Montana: evidence for subsolidus remobilization. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137 3 (1999) 206-219
33. McDonough W.F., and Sun S.S. The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120 (1995) 223-253
34. Mungall J.E., Andrews D.R.A., Cabri L.J., Sylvester P.J., and Tubrett M. Partitioning of Cu, Ni, Au, and platinum-group elements between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide melt under controlled oxygen and sulfur fugacities. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 17 (2005) 4349-4360
35. Naldrett, A.J. 1989. Magmatic sulfide deposits. (ed.) Oxford University Press, 189.
36. Naldrett A.J., Gasparrini E.C., Barnes S.J., Von Gruenewaldt G., and Sharpe M.R. The upper critical zone of the Bushveld Complex and the origin of Merensky-type ores. Economic Geology 81 5 (1986) 1105-1117
37. Nunes P.D., and Tilton G.R. Uranium-lead ages of minerals from the Stillwater Complex and associated rocks, Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin 82 (1971) 2231-2250
38. Page N.J. Serpentinization and alteration in an olivine cumulate from the Stillwater Complex, southwestern Montana. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 54 (1976) 127-137
39. Page N.J. Stillwater Complex, Montana: rock succession, metamorphism and structure of the complex and adjacent rocks. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper vol. 999 (1977)
40. Page N.J., and Zientek M.L. Geologic and structural setting of the Stillwater Complex. In: Czamanske G.K., and Zientek M.L. (Eds). The Stillwater Complex, Montana : Geology and Guide. Butte, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication vol. 92 (1985) 1-8
41. Pan P., and Scott S.A. Solubility of Pt and Pd sulfides and Au metal in aqueous bisulfide solutions. Mineralium Deposita 29 5 (1994) 373-390
42. Polovina J.S., Hudson D.M., and Jones R.E. Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of postmagmatic hydrothermal alteration and mineralization in the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana. Canadian Mineralogist 42 (2004) 261-277
43. Premo W.R., Helz R.T., Zientek M.L., and Langston R.B. U-Pb and Sm-Nd ages for the Stillwater Complex and its associated sills and dikes, Beartooth Mountains, Montana: identification of a parent magma?. Geology 18 (1990) 1065-1068
44. Prichard H.M., Barnes S.J., Maier W.D., and Fisher P.C. Variations in the nature of the platinum-group minerals in a cross-section through the Merensky Reef at Impala Platinum: implications for the mode of formation of the reef. Canadian Mineralogist 42 (2004) 423-437
45. Steele T.W., Levin J., and Copelowitz I. Preparation and certification of a reference sample of a precious metal ore. National Institute for Metallurgy Report (1975) 1696-1975
46. Turner A.R., Wolfgram D., and Barnes S.J. Geology of the Stillwater County sector of the J-M Reef, including the Minneapolis Adit. In: Czamanske G.K., and Zientek M.L. (Eds). The Stillwater Complex, Montana : Geology and Guide. Butte, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication vol. 92 (1985) 210-230
47. Willmore C.C., Boudreau A.E., and Kruger F.J. The halogen geochemistry of the Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa: implications for chalcophile element distribution in the lower and critical zones. Journal of Petrology 41 10 (2000) 1517-1539
48. Wood S.A. The aqueous geochemistry of the platinum-group elements with applications to ore deposits. In: Cabri L.J. (Ed). Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Benefication of Platinum Group Element. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume vol. 54 (2002) 211-249
49. Zientek M.L., and Oscarson R.L. Textural association of platinum-group minerals from the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 995 (1986) 75-76
50. Zientek M.L., Czamanske G.K., and Irvine T.N. Stratigraphy and nomenclature for the Stillwater Complex. In: Czamanske G.K., and Zientek M.L. (Eds). The Stillwater Complex, Montana : Geology and Guide. Butte, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication vol. 92 (1985) 21-32
51. Zientek M.L., Foose M.P., and Mei L. Palladium, platinum, and rhodium contents of rocks near the lower margin of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. Economic Geology 81 (1986) 1169-1178
52. Zientek M.L., Cooper R.W., Corson S.R., and Geraghty E.P. Platinum-group element mineralization in the Stillwater Complex, Montana. In: Cabri L.J. (Ed). Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Benefication of Platinum Group Element. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume vol. 54 (2002) 459-481