Oral diseases associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Part 2: Lichen planus and other diseases

Oral Diseases

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 217-228

  Carrozzo, M ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Hepatitis C virus; Lichen planus; Liver diseases; Oral lichen planus

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; RIBAVIRIN;

EUROPE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENETICS; JAPAN; LICHEN PLANUS; MOUTH DISEASE; MOUTH MUCOSA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC; HUMANS; INTERFERON TYPE I, RECOMBINANT; JAPAN; LICHEN PLANUS, ORAL; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; MOUTH MUCOSA; MOUTH NEOPLASMS; RIBAVIRIN; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 40749112314     PISSN: 1354523X     EISSN: 16010825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01432.x     Document Type: Review

References (192)

1. d'Agay-Abensour L, Benamouzig R, de Belilovsky C, Cordoliani F, Halphen M, Rambaud JC (1992). Lichen planus during chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 16:610 611.
2. Agner T, Fogh H, Weismann K (1992). The relation between lichen planus and hepatitis C: a case report (letter). Acta Derm Venereol 72:380.
3. Aksu K, Kabasakal Y, Sayiner A et al (1999). Prevalences of hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses in Behcet's disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 38:1279 1281.
4. Ali AA, Suresh CS (2007). Oral lichen planus in relation to transaminase levels and hepatitis C virus. J Oral Pathol Med 36:604 608.
5. Amer MA, El-Harras M, Attwa E, Raslam S (2007). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus prevalence and clinical presentation in Egypt. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21:1259 1260.
6. Amichai B, Lazarov A, Halevy S (1994). Hepatitis C virus infection and oral erosive lichen planus. J Dermatol 21:783 784.
7. Areias J, Velho GC, Cerqueira R et al (1996). Lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C: exacerbation of the lichen under interferon-alpha-2a therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:825 828.
8. Arrieta JJ, Rodriguez-Inigo E, Casqueiro M et al (2000). Detection of hepatitis C virus replication by in situ hybridization in epithelial cells of anti-hepatitis C virus-positive patients with and without oral lichen planus. Hepatology 32:97 103.
9. Arup D, Gautam M, Nandita B, Dhrubakumar N, Bihuti S (2006). No association between seropositivity for hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a case-control study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 3:198 200.
10. Asaad T, Samdani AJ (2005). Association of lichen planus with hepatitis C virus infection. Ann Saudi Med 25:243 246.
11. Bagan JV, Ramon C, Gonzales L et al (1998). Preliminary investigation of the association of oral lichen planus and hepatitis C. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod 85:532 536.
12. Barreca T, Corsini G, Franceschini R, Gambini C, Garibaldi A, Rolandi E (1995). Lichen planus induced by interferon-alpha-2a therapy for chronic active hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:367 368.
13. Beaird LM, Kahloon N, Franco J, Fairley JA (2001). Incidence of hepatitis C in lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 44:311 312.
14. Bellman B, Reddy RK, Falanga V (1995). Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C (letter). Lancet 346:1234.
15. Bellman B, Reddy R, Falanga V (1996). Generalized lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus immunoreactivity. J Am Acad Dermatol 35:770 772.
16. Benchikhi H, Nejjam F, Habibeddine S, Jarmouni R, Lakhdar H (1994). Lichen planus and hepatitis C. Ann Dermatol Venereol 121:547 549.
17. Berk DR, Mallory SB, Keeffe EB, Ahmed A (2007). Dermatologic disorders associated with chronic hepatitis C: effect of interferon therapy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:142 151.
18. Bertolusso G, Carrozzo M, Ricchiardi L, Arduino P, Conrotto D, Gandolfo S (2004). HCV infection in 490 OLP patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Proc 7th Biennial Congr Eur Assoc Oral Med, Berlin, Germany, 022 26.
19. Bez C, Carrozzo M, Lodi G et al (2001). Lack of association between transfusion trasmitted virus and oral lichen planus in British and Italian populations. Br J Dermatol 145:990 993.
20. Bokor-Bratic M (2004). Lack of evidence of hepatic disease in patients with oral lichen planus in Serbia. Oral Dis 10:283 286.
21. Bokor-Bratic M (2006). No evidence of hepatitis C virus infection in Serbian patients with oral leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 35:626 629.
22. Boyd AS, Nanney LB, King LE Jr. (1998). Immunoperoxidase evaluation of lichen planus biopsies for hepatitis C virus. Int J Dermatol 37:260 262.
23. Calista D, Landi G (2001). Lichen planus, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. Cutis 67:454 456.
24. Campisi G, Fedele S, Lo Russo L et al (2004a). HCV infection and oral lichen planus: a weak association when HCV is endemic. J Viral Hepat 11:465 470.
25. Campisi G, Di Fede O, Craxi A, Di Stefano R, Margiotta V (2004b). Oral lichen planus, hepatitis C virus and HIV: no association in a cohort study from an area of high hepatitis C virus endemicity. J Am Acad Dermatol 51:364 370.
26. Carrozzo M (2001). Oral health in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: an underestimated problem? Oral Dis 7:267 270.
27. Carrozzo M (2007). Oral diseases associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Part 1: sialadenitis and salivary gland lymphoma. Oral Dis (in press).
28. Carrozzo M, Gandolfo S (2003). Oral diseases possibly associated with hepatitis C virus. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 14:115 127.
29. Carrozzo M, Gandolfo S, Carbone M et al (1996). Hepatitis C virus infection in Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a prospective case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 25:527 533.
30. Carrozzo M, Carbone M, Gandolfo S, Valente G, Colombatto P, Ghisetti V (1997). An atypical verrucous carcinoma of the tongue arising in a patient with oral lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Oral Oncol 33:220 225.
31. Carrozzo M, Gandolfo S, Lodi G et al (1999). Oral lichen planus in patients infected or non infected with the hepatitis C virus: the role of autoimmunity. J Oral Pathol Med 28:16 19.
32. Carrozzo M, Francia di Celle P, Gandolfo S et al (2001). Increased frequency of HLA-DR6 allele in Italian patients with hepatitis C virus associated oral lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 144:803 808.
33. Carrozzo M, Quadri R, Latorre P et al (2002). Molecular evidence that hepatitis C virus replicates in the oral mucosa. J Hepatol 37:364 369.
34. Carrozzo M, Uboldi de Capei M, Dametto E et al (2004). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to oral lichen planus. J Invest Dermatol 122:87 94.
35. Carrozzo M, Brancatello F, Dametto E et al (2005). Hepatitis C virus-associated oral lichen planus: is the geographical heterogeneity related to HLA-DR6? J Oral Pathol Med 34:204 208.
36. Carrozzo M, Dametto E, Fasano ME et al (2007). Cytokine polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus-related oral lichen planus. Exp Dermatol 16:730 736.
37. Cayla JM, Fischer R, Gouffier E (1993). Lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 17:517 518.
38. Cecchi R, Giomi A, Tuci F, Bartoli L, Seghieri G (1994). Pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen planus, alopecia universalis and vitiligo in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis C. Dermatology 188:239 240.
39. Cervoni E (1998). Hepatitis C. Lancet 351:1209 1210.
40. Chainani-Wu N, Silverman S Jr., Lozada-Nur F, Mayer P, Watson JJ (2001). Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. J Am Dent Assoc 132:901 909.
41. Chuang TY, Stitle L, Brashear R, Lewis C (1999). Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a case-control study of 340 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:787 789.
42. Chung CH, Yang YH, Chang TT, Shieh DB, Liu SY, Shieh TY (2004). Relationship of oral lichen planus to hepatitis C virus in southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 20:151 159.
43. Coates EA, Brennan D, Logan RM et al (2000). Hepatitis C infection and associated oral health problems. Aust Dent J 45:108 114.
44. Cohen Tervaert JW, Van Paassen P, Damoiseaux J (2007). Type II cryoglobulinemia is not associated with hepatitis C infection: the Dutch experience. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1107:251 258.
45. Cribier B, Garnier C, Laustriat D, Heid E (1994). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: an epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:1070 1072.
46. Cunha KS, Manso AC, Cardoso AS, Paixão JB, Coelho HS, Torres SR (2005). Prevalence of oral lichen planus in Brazilian patients with HCV infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 100:330 333.
47. Dal Maso L, Franceschi S (2006). Hepatitis C virus and risk of lymphoma and other lymphoid neoplasms: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:2078 2085.
48. Dalekos GN, Christodoulou D, Kistis KG, Zervou EK, Hatzis J, Tsianos EV (1998). A prospective evaluation of dermatological side-effects during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic viral hepatitis (letter). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:93.
49. Daoud MS, Gibson LE, Daoud S, el-Azhary RA (1995). Chronic hepatitis C and skin diseases: a review. Mayo Clin Proc 70:559 564.
50. Daramola OO, Fwacp M, George AO et al (2002). Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus in Nigerians: any relationship? Int J Dermatol 41:217 219.
51. Denli YG, Durdu M, Karakas M (2004). Diabetes and hepatitis frequency in 140 lichen planus cases in Cukurova region. J Dermatol 31:293 298.
52. Di Stefano R, Stroffolini T, Ferraro D et al (2002). Endemic hepatitis C virus infection in a Sicilian town: further evidence for iatrogenic transmission. J Med Virol 67:339 344.
53. Divano MC, Parodi A, Rebora A (1992). Lichen planus, liver kidney microsomal (LKM1) antibodies and hepatitis C virus antibodies. Dermatology 185:132 133.
54. Doutre MS, Beylot C, Couzigou P, Long P, Royer P, Beylot J (1992). Lichen planus and virus C hepatitis: disappearance of the lichen under interferon alfa therapy (letter). Dermatology 184:229.
55. Doutre MS, Couzigou P, Beylot-Barry M, Beylot C, Quinton A (1996). Lichen planus and hepatitis C. Heterogeneity in the course of 6 cases treated with interferon alpha. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 20:709 710.
56. Dupin N, Chosidow O, Lunel F, Fretz C, Szpirglas H, Frances C (1997). Oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: a fortuitous association? Arch Dermatol 133:1052 1053.
57. Dupond AS, Lacour JP, Lafont C, Ortonne JP (1998). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in oral erosive lichen. Ann Dermatol Venereol 125:676 678.
58. Egan CA, Zone JJ (1997). Oral erosive lichen planus: its association with hepatitis C virus infection (abstract). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 9:S117 S118.
59. Eisen D (2002). The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus: a study of 723 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 46:207 214.
60. Elder GH, Worwood M (1998). Mutations in the hemochromatosis gene, porphyria cutanea tarda, and iron overload. Hepatology 27:289 291.
61. El-Serag HB, Hampel H, Yeh C, Rabeneck L (2002). Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C among United States male veterans. Hepatology 36:1439 1445.
62. Erkek E, Ayaslioglu E (2005). Hepatitis C virus and Behcet's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:1309.
63. Erkek E, Bozdogan Ö, Olut AI (2001). Hepatitis C virus infection prevalence in lichen planus: examination of lesional and normal skin of hepatitis C virus-infected patients with lichen planus for the presence of hepatitis C virus RNA. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:540 544.
64. Farajzadeh S, Shakibi MR, Moghaddam SD, Rahnama Z (2005). Behcet disease: clinical spectrum and association with hepatitis B and C viruses. East Mediterr Health J 11:68 72.
65. Femiano F, Scully C (2005). Functions of the cytokines in relation oral lichen planus-hepatitis C. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 10 (Suppl 1 E40 E44.
66. Figueiredo LC, Carrilho FJ, de Andrade HF Jr., Migliari DA (2002). Oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. Oral Dis 8:42 46.
67. Fleishmann M, Celerier P, Bernard PH, Dreno B (1996). Long-term interferon-alpha therapy induces autoantibodies against epidermis. Dermatology 192:50 55.
68. Fornaciari G, Albertini G, Maccari S, Spacca C (1995). Lichen planus during lymphoblastoid interferon treatment for chronic active hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol 20:346 347.
69. Gandolfo S, Carbone M, Carrozzo M, Gallo V (1994). Oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: is there a relationship? A report of 10 cases J Oral Pathol Med 23:119 122.
70. Gandolfo S, Richiardi L, Carrozzo M et al (2004). Risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in 402 patients with oral lichen planus: a follow-up study in an Italian population. Oral Oncol 40:77 83.
71. Garg VK, Karki BM, Agrawal S et al (2002). A study from Nepal showing no correlation between lichen planus and hepatitis B and C viruses. J Dermatol 29:411 413.
72. Ghader R, Makhmalbaf Z (2007). The relationship between lichen planus and hepatitis C in Birjand, Iran. Shiraz E-Med J 8:72 79.
73. Ghodsi SZ, Daneshpazhooh M, Shahi M, Nikfarjam A (2004). Lichen planus and hepatitis C: a case-control study. BMC Dermatol 20:4 6.
74. Gimenez-Arnau A, Alayon-Lopez C, Camarasa JG (1995). Lichen planus and hepatitis C (abstract). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 5:S84 S85.
75. Gimenez-Garcia R, Perez-Castrillon JL (2002). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:291 295.
76. Gisbert JP, Garcia-Buey L, Pajares JM, Moreno-Otero R (2003). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in porphyria cutanea tarda: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 39:620 627.
77. GISED (Gruppo Italiano Studi Epidemiologiciin Dermatologia) (1990). Lichen planus and liver diseases: a multicentre case-control study. BMJ 300:227 230.
78. Giuliani M, Lajolo C, Miani CM, Lodi G, Minenna P, Mangia A (2007). Hepatitis C virus chronic infection and oral lichen planus: an Italian case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19:647 652.
79. Grote M, Reichart PA, Berg T, Hopf U (1998). Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection and oral lichen planus. J Hepatol 29:1034 1035.
80. Guerriero TD, Machado MM, Proenca de Freitas TH (2005). Association between lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study with 66 patients of the dermatology department of the hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo. An Bras Dermatol 80:475 480.
81. Guijarro Guijarro B, Lopez Sanchez AF, Hernandez Vallejo G (2001). Presence of lichen planus during a course of interferon alpha-2a therapy for a viral chronic C hepatitis. Med Oral 6:358 363.
82. Harden D, Skelton H, Smith KJ (2003). Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus: no viral transcripts are found in the lichen planus, and effective therapy for hepatitis C virus does not clear lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:847 852.
83. Harman M, Akdeniz S, Dursun M, Akpolat N, Atmaca S (2004). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: an epidemiologic study. Int J Clin Pract 58:1118 1119.
84. Heintges T, Frieling T, Goerz G, Niederau C (1994). Exacerbation of lichen planus but not of acute intermittent hepatic porphyria during interferon therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 21:1152 1153.
85. Henderson L, Muir M, Mills PR et al (2001). Oral health of patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a pilot study. Oral Dis 7:271 274.
86. Hildebrand A, Kolde G, Luger TA, Schwarz T (1995). Successful treatment of generalized lichen planus with recombinant interferon alfa-2b. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:880 883.
87. Hunt J, Hagan J, Nobles J et al (2005). Outcome analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and hepatitis C virus. Laryngoscope 115:1882 1886.
88. Hyrailles V, Peyron N, Blanc P et al (1995). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus. Apropos of 5 new cases. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 19:833 836.
89. Ibrahim HA, Baddour MM, Morsi MG, Abdelkader AA (1999). Should we routinely check for hepatitis B and C in patients with lichen planus or cutaneous vasculitis? East Mediterr Health J 5:71 78.
90. Ilter N, Senol E, Gurer MA, Altay O (1998). Lichen planus and hepatitis C-virus infection in Turkish patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 10:192 193.
91. Ilter N, Senol E, Gurer MA, Oztas MO (2000). Behcet's disease and HCV infection. Int J Dermatol 39:396 397.
92. Imhof M, Popal H, Lee JH, Zeuzem S, Milbradt R (1997). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies and evaluation of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with lichen planus. Dermatology 195:1 5.
93. Ingafou M, Porter SR, Scully C, Teo CG (1998). No evidence of HCV infection or liver disease in British patients with oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:65 66.
94. Issa MCA, Gaspar AP, Kalil-Gaspar N (1999). Liquen plano e hepatite C. An Bras Dermatol 74:459 463.
95. Jaber MA, Porter SR, Bain L, Scully C (2003). Lack of association between hepatitis C virus and oral epithelial dysplasia in British patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32:181 183.
96. Jauregui L, Garcia-Patos V, Pedragosa R, Vidal J, Castells A (1996). Lichen planus associated with liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterol Hepatol 19:507 510.
97. Jubert C, Pawlotsky JM, Pouget F et al (1994). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus-related chronic active hepatitis. Arch Dermatol 130:73 76.
98. Karavelioglu D, Koytak ES, Bozkaya H, Uzunalimoglu O, Bozdayi AM, Yurdaydin C. (2004). Lichen planus and HCV infection in Turkish patients. Turk J Gastroenterol 15:133 136.
99. Khaja MN, Madhavi C, Thippavazzula R et al (2006). High prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution among general population, blood donors and risk groups. Infect Genet Evol 6:198 204.
100. Kirby AC, Lodi GL, Olsen I, Porter SR (1998). Immunohistochemical and serological comparison of idiopathic and hepatitis C virus-associated forms of oral lichen planus. Eur J Oral Sci 106:853 862.
101. Kirtak N, Inaloz HS, Ozgoztasi O, Erbagci Z (2000). The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with lichen planus in Gaziantep region of Turkey. Eur J Epidemiol 16:1159 1161.
102. Kirtschig G, Wakelin SH, Wojnarowska F (2005). Mucosal vulval lichen planus: outcome, clinical and laboratory features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19:301 307.
103. Klanrit P, Thongprasom K, Rojanawatsirivej S et al (2003). Hepatitis C virus infection in Thai patients with oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 9:292 297.
104. Kurokawa M, Hidaka T, Sasaki H, Nishikata I, Morishita K, Setoyama M (2003). Analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the lesions of lichen planus in patients with chronic hepatitis C: detection of anti-genomic- as well as genomic-strand HCV RNAs in lichen planus lesions. J Dermatol Sci 32:65 70.
105. Laeijendecker R, Van Joost TH, Tank B, Neumann HA (2005). Oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Dermatol 141:906 907.
106. Lazaro P, Olalquiaga J, Bartolome J et al (2002). Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA and core protein in keratinocytes from patients with cutaneous lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C. J Invest Dermatol 119:798 803.
107. Lo Muzio L, Mignogna MD, Favia G, Procaccini M, Testa NF, Bucci E (1998). The possible association between oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical evaluation on 14 cases and a review of the literature. Oral Oncol 34:239 246.
108. Lodi G, Olsen I, Piattelli A, D'Amico E, Artese L, Porter SR (1997a). Antibodies to epithelial components in oral lichen planus (OLP) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. J Oral Pathol Med 26:36 39.
109. Lodi G, Carrozzo M, Hallett R et al (1997b). HCV-genotypes in Italian patients with HCV related oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 26:381 384.
110. Lodi G, Carrozzo M, Harris K et al (2000). Hepatitis C virus-associated oral lichen planus: no influence from hepatitis G virus co-infection. J Oral Pathol Med 29:39 42.
111. Lodi G, Giuliani M, Majorana A et al (2004). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: a multicentre study of patients with oral lesions and a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 151:1172 1181.
112. Lodi G, Scully C, Carrozzo M, Griffiths M, Sugerman PB, Thongprasom K (2005). Current controversies in oral lichen planus: report of an international consensus meeting. Part 1. Viral infections and etiopathogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 100:40 51.
113. Luis-Montoya P, Cortes-Franco R, Vega-Memije ME (2005). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus. Is there an association? Gac Med Mex 141:23 25.
114. Mahboob A, Haroon TS, Iqbal Z, Iqbal F, Butt AK (2003). Frequency of anti-HCV antibodies in patients with lichen planus. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 13:248 251.
115. Maio G, D'Argento P, Stroffolini T et al (2000). Hepatitis C virus infection and alanine transaminase levels in the general population: a survey in Southern Italy. J Hepatol 33:116 120.
116. Mangia A, Andriulli A, Zenarola P et al (1999). Lack of hepatitis C virus replication intermediate RNA in diseased skin tissue of chronic hepatitis C patients. J Med Virol 59:277 280.
117. Manjón-Haces JA, Vázquez-López F, Gómez-Díez S et al (2001). Adverse cutaneous reactions to interferon Alfa-2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (letter). Acta Derm Venereol 81:223.
118. Marinho RT, Johnson NW, Fatela NM et al (2001). Oropharyngeal pemphigus in a patient with chronic hepatitis C during interferon alpha-2a therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:869 872.
119. de Mattos Camargo Grossmann S, de Aguiar MC, Teixeira R, do Carmo MA (2007). Oral lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C: a controversial association. Am J Clin Pathol 127:800 804.
120. Mega H, Jiang WW, Takagi M (2001). Immunohistochemical study of oral lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus infection, oral lichenoid contact sensitivity reaction and idiopathic oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 7:296 305.
121. van der Meij EH, van der Waal I (2000). Hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: a report from The Netherlands. J Oral Pathol Med 29:255 258.
122. Mico-Llorens JM, Delgado-Molina E, Baliellas-Comellas C, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. (2004). Association between B and/or C chronic viral hepatitis and oral lichen planus. Med Oral 9:183 190.
123. Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L, Favia G, Mignogna RE, Carbone R, Bucci E (1998). Oral lichen planus and HCV infection: a clinical evaluation of 263 cases. Int J Dermatol 37:575 578.
124. Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L, Lo Russo L, Fedele S, Ruoppo E, Bucci E (2000). Oral lichen planus: different clinical features in HCV-positive and HCV-negative patients. Int J Dermatol 39:134 139.
125. Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Ruoppo E, Lo Muzio L (2001). Unexpected low incidence of oral lichen planus in an HCV hyperendemic area of southern Italy. Gastroenterology 121:1528 1529.
126. Mokni M, Rybojad M, Puppin D Jr. et al (1991). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus (letter). J Am Acad Dermatol 24:792.
127. Mouly F, Pawlotsky JM, Schaeffer A, Benkhraba F, Roujeau JC, Revuz J (1995). Association of porphyria cutanea tarda and lichen planus in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Br J Dermatol 132:158 159.
128. Munke H, Stockmann F, Ramadori G (1995). Possible association between Behcet's syndrome and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 332:400 401.
129. Nagao Y, Sata M, Tanikawa K, Itoh K, Kameyama T (1995a). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus in the Northern Kyushu region of Japan. Eur J Clin Invest 25:910 914.
130. Nagao Y, Sata M, Tanikawa K, Itoh K, Kameyama T (1995b). High prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody and RNA in patients with oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 24:354 360.
131. Nagao Y, Sata M, Itoh K, Tanikawa K, Kameyama T (1996a). Quantitative analysis of HCV RNA and genotype in patients with chronic hepatitis C accompanied by oral lichen planus. Eur J Clin Invest 26:495 498.
132. Nagao Y, Sata M, Ide T et al (1996b). Development and exacerbation of oral lichen planus during and after interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Eur J Clin Invest 26:1171 1174.
133. Nagao Y, Sata M, Fukuizumi K, Harada H, Kameyama T (1996c). Oral cancer and hepatitis C virus (HCV): can HCV alone cause oral cancer? - a case report. Kurume Med J 43:97 100.
134. Nagao Y, Sata M, Noguchi S et al (1997a). GB virus infection in patients with oral cancer and oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 26:138 134.
135. Nagao Y, Sata M, Fukuizumi K, Tanikawa K, Kameyama T (1997c). High incidence of oral precancerous lesions in a hyperendemic area of hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 8:173 177.
136. Nagao Y, Sata M, Suzuki H, Kameyama T, Ueno T (1999). Histological improvement of oral Lichen planus in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Gastroenterology 117:283 284.
137. Nagao Y, Sata M, Fukuizumi K, Ryu F, Ueno T (2000a). High incidence of oral lichen planus in an HCV hyperendemic area. Gastroenterology 119:882 883.
138. Nagao Y, Sata M, Kage M, Kameyama T, Ueno T (2000b). Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of oral lichen planus-associated HCV infection. Eur J Intern Med 11:277 282.
139. Nagao Y, Sata M, Noguchi S, Kinoshita M, Kameyama T, Ueno T (2000c). Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in oral lichen planus and oral cancer tissues. J Oral Pathol Med 29:259 266.
140. Nagao Y, Tanaka J, Nakanishi T et al (2002). High incidence of extrahepatic manifestations in an HCV hyperendemic area. Hepatol Res 22:27 36.
141. Nagao Y, Kawaguchi T, Ide T, Kumashiro R, Sata M (2005). Exacerbation of oral erosive lichen planus by combination of interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Int J Mol Med 15:237 241.
142. Nagao Y, Myoken Y, Katayama K, Tanaka J, Yoshizawa H, Sata M (2007). Epidemiological survey of oral lichen planus among HCV-infected inhabitants in a town in Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan from 2000 to 2003. Oncol Rep 18:1177 1181.
143. Nanda M, Nanda A, Al-Sabah H, Dvorak R, Alsaleh QA (2007). Paraneoplastic pemphigus in association with B-cell lymphocytic leukemia and hepatitis C: favorable response to intravenous immunoglobulins and prednisolone. Int J Dermatol 46:767 769.
144. Narayan S, Sharma RC, Sinha BK, Khanna V (1998). Relationship between lichen planus and hepatitis C virus. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 64:281 282.
145. Nobles J, Wold C, Fazekas-May M, Gilbert J, Friedlander PL (2004). Prevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 114:2119 2122.
146. Nunez M, Miralles ES, de las Heras ME, Ledo A (1995). Appearance of oral erosive lichen planus during interferon alfa-2a therapy for chronic active hepatitis C. J Dermatol 22:461 462.
147. Oguz A, Sametoglu F, Erdogan S (1995). More on hepatitis C and Behcet's syndrome. N Engl J Med 333:322.
148. del Olmo JA, Almenar E, Bagan JV et al (1990). Liver abnormalities in patients with lichen planus of the oral cavity. Eur J Gastrol Hepatol 2:479 481.
149. del Olmo JA, Pascual I, Bagan JV et al (2000). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in patients with lichen planus of the oral cavity and chronic liver disease. Eur J Oral Sci 108:378 382.
150. Paoletti V, Parlapiano C, Labbadia G et al (2002). Skin diseases as extrahepatic manifestations of HCV. Review of some clinical cases. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 48:277 283.
151. Papini M, Bruni PL, Bettacchi A, Liberati F (1994). Sudden onset of oral ulcerative lichen in a patient with chronic hepatitis C on treatment with alfa-interferon. Int J Dermatol 33:221 222.
152. Pawlotsky JM, Ben Yahia M, Andre C et al (1994). Immunological disorders in C virus chronic active hepatitis: a prospective case-control study. Hepatology 19:841 848.
153. Pawlotsky JM, Dhumeaux D, Bagot M (1995a). Hepatitis C virus in dermatology. A review. Arch Dermatol 131:1185 1193.
154. Pawlotsky JM, Benchiki H, Pellet C et al (1995b). Lichen planus and HCV genotypes. Br J Dermatol 133:666 667.
155. Pedersen A (1996). Abnormal EBV immune status in oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2:125 128.
156. Pedersen A (1998). IFN-alpha cream in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 4:155 156.
157. Pellicano R, Palmas F, Leone N et al (2000). Previous tuberculosis, hepatitis c virus and lichen planus. A report of 10 cases. A causal or casual link? Panminerva Med 42:77 81.
158. Perreard M, Constant T, Monges D, Djaghri N, Angeli-Besson C, Gerolami A (1994). Mucocutaneous lichen planus induced by a second treatment with high-dose interferon-alpha in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis C (letter). Gastroenterol Clin Biol 18:1051.
159. Pilli M, Penna A, Zerbini A et al (2002). Oral lichen planus pathogenesis: a role for the HCV-specific cellular immune response. Hepatology 36:1446 1452.
160. Porter SR, Lodi G, Chandler K, Kumar N (1997). Development of squamous cell carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-associated lichen planus. Oral Oncol 33:58 59.
161. Prabhu S, Pavithran K, Sobhanadevi G (2002). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-Is there an association? A serological study of 65 cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 68:273 274.
162. Protzer U, Ochsendorf FR, Leopolder-Ochsendorf A, Holtermuller KH (1993). Exacerbation of lichen planus during interferon alfa-2a therapy for chronic active hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 104:903 905.
163. Rahnama Z, Esfandiarpour I, Farajzadeh S (2005). The relationship between lichen planus and hepatitis C in dermatology outpatients in Kerman, Iran. Int J Dermatol 44:746 748.
164. Rebora A (1994). Hepatitis viruses and lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 130:1328 1329.
165. Rebora A, Rongioletti F, Drago F, Parodi A (1999). Lichen planus as a side effect of HBV vaccination. Dermatology 198:1 2.
166. Rodriguez-Inigo E, Arrieta JJ, Casqueiro M et al (2001). TT virus detection in oral lichen planus lesions. J Med Virol 64:183 189.
167. Romero MA, Seoane J, Varela-Centelles P, Diz-Dios P, Otero XL (2002). Clinical and pathological characteristics of oral lichen planus in hepatitis C-positive and -negative patients. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 27:22 26.
168. Rossi L, Colasanto S (2000). Clinical considerations and statistical analysis on 100 patients with oral lichen planus. Minerva Stomatol 49:393 398.
169. Roy K, Dickson EM, Konrad SS, Bagg J (2000). Hepatitis C virus and oral lichen planus/lichenoid reactions: lack of evidence for an association. Clin Lab 46:251 254.
170. Sanchez-Perez J, De Castro M, Buezo GF, Fernandez-Herrera J, Borque MJ, Garcia-Diez A (1996). Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: prevalence and clinical presentation of patients with lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. Br J Dermatol 134:715 719.
171. Sansonno D, Cornacchiulo V, Iacobelli AR, Di Stefano R, Lospalluti M, Dammacco F (1995). Localization of hepatitis C virus antigens in liver and skin tissues of chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Hepatology 21:305 312.
172. Santander C, De Castro M, Garcia-Monzon C et al (1994). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and liver damage in patients with lichen planus (LP). Hepatology 20:565.
173. Santoro A, Majorana A, Roversi L et al (2005). Recruitment of dendritic cells in oral lichen planus. J Pathol 205:426 434.
174. Sassigneux P, Michel P, Joly P, Colin R (1993). Eruptive mucocutaneous lichen planus during treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alpha (letter). Gastroenterol Clin Biol 17:764.
175. Schissel DJ, Elston DM (1998). Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C. Cutis 61:90 92.
176. Schlesinger TE, Camisa C, Gay JD, Bergfeld WF (1997). Oral erosive lichen planus with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis during interferon alfa-2b therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 36:1023 1025.
177. Schmitt EC, Mozzanica N, Finzi AF et al (1995). Hepatitis C viremia in erosive and classic lichen planus (abstract). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 5:S84.
178. Serpico R, Busciolano M, Femiano F (1997). A statistical epidemiological study of a possible correlation between serum transaminase levels and viral hepatic pathology markers and lichen planus orale. Minerva Stomatol 46:97 102.
179. Siavoshian S, Abraham JD, Kieny MP, Schuster C (2004). HCV core, NS3, NS5A and NS5B proteins modulate cell proliferation independently from p53 expression in hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Arch Virol 149:323 336.
180. Sonmezoglu M, Dervis E, Badur S, Yenen OS (2004). Examination of the relationship between the hepatitis C virus and Behcet's disease. J Dermatol 31:442 443.
181. Sookoian S, Neglia V, Castano V, Frider B, Kien MC, Chohela E (1999). High prevalence of cutaneous reactions to interferon alfa plus ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic epatitis C virus. Arch Dermatol 135:1000 1001.
182. Sorensen HT, Friis S, Olsen JH et al (1998). Risk of liver and other types of cancer in patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Hepatology 28:921 925.
183. Strumia R, Venturini D, Boccia S, Gamberini S, Gullini S (1993). UVA and interferon-alfa therapy in a patient with lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C (letter). Int J Dermatol 32:386.
184. Sulka A, Simon K, Piszko P, Kalecinska E, Dominiak M (2006). Oral mucosa alterations in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis due to HBV or HCV infection. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 47:6 10.
185. Takata Y, Takahashi T, Fukuda J (2002). Prevalence of hepatitis virus infection in association with oral diseases requiring surgery. Oral Dis 8:95 99.
186. Tanei R, Watanabe K, Nishiyama S (1995). Clinical and histopathological analysis of the relationship between lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C. J Dermatol 22:316 323.
187. Tanei R, Ohta Y, Katsuoka K (1997). Lichen planus and Sjögren-type sicca syndrome in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J Dermatol 24:20 27.
188. Toure G, Levy JD, Huault M, Arrouasse C, Laxenaire A, Scheffer P (1998). Lichen and hepatitis C. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 99:49 51.
189. Tucker SC, Coulson ICH (1999). Lichen planus is not associated with hepatitis C virus infection in patients from north west England. Acta Derm Venereol 79:378 379.
190. Varela P, Areias J, Mota F, Canelhas A, Sanches M (2000). Oral lichen planus induced by interferon-alpha-N1 in a patient with hepatitis C (letter). Int J Dermatol 39:239 240.
191. de Vries HJ, Teunissen MB, Zorgdrager F, Picavet D, Cornelissen M (2007). Lichen planus remission is associated with a decrease of human herpes virus type 7 protein expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arch Dermatol Res 299:213 219.
192. Yarom N, Dagon N, Shinar E, Gorsky M (2007). Association between Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Oral Lichen Planus in Israeli Patients. Isr Med Assoc J 9:370 372.