Estimating heroin epidemics with data of patients in methadone maintenance treatment, collected during a single treatment day

Addiction

Volumn 103, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 591-597

  Nordt, Carlos ^a   Stohler, Rudolf ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PSYCHIATRY   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Heroin; Incidence; Methadone maintenance treatment; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

DIAMORPHINE; METHADONE;

ARTICLE; DRUG OVERDOSE; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; REGISTER; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUBSTITUTION THERAPY;

DATA COLLECTION; HEALTH POLICY; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMANS; METHADONE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NARCOTICS; PREVALENCE; REGISTRIES; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 40749090404     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: 13600443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02055.x     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Pearson H. A hard habit to break. Nature 2004 430 : 394 5.
2. Nordt C., Stohler R. Incidence of heroin use in Zurich, Switzerland: a treatment case register analysis. Lancet 2006 367 : 1830 4.
3. De Angelis D., Hickman M., Yang S. Estimating long-term trends in the incidence and prevalence of opiate use/injecting drug use and number of former users: back-calculation methods and opiate overdose deaths. Am J Epidemiol 2004 160 : 994 1004.
4. Law M. G., Lynskey M., Ross J., Hall W. Back-projection estimates of the number of dependent heroin users in Australia. Addiction 2001 96 : 433 43.
5. Ravà L., Calvani M. G., Heisterkamp S., Wiessing L., Rossi C. Incidence indicators for policy-making: models, estimation and implications. In : Bulletin on Narcotics, vol. LIII, nos 1 and 2. New York : United Nations 2001, p. 135 55. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_2001- 01-01_1_page012.html (accessed 13 September 2007).
6. Hickman M., Macleod J., De Angelis D. Harm-reduction interventions in injection drug use. Lancet 2006 367 : 1797 8.
7. Kraus L., Augustin R., Frischer M., Kümmler P., Uhl A., Wiessing L. Estimating prevalence of problem drug use at national level in countries of the European Union and Norway. Addiction 2003 98 : 471 85.
8. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Global Assessment Programme on Drug Abuse (GAP). Estimating Prevalence: Indirect Methods for Estimating the Size of the Drug Problem. Vienna : United Nations 2003. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/pdf/gap_toolkit_module2.pdf (accessed 13 September 2007).
9. Hickman M., Seaman S., de Angelis D. Estimating the relative incidence of heroin use: application of a method for adjusting observed reports of first visits to specialized drug treatment agencies. Am J Epidemiol 2001 153 : 632 41.
10. Nordt C., Stohler R. Versorgung der Heroinabhängigen im Kanton Zürich, 1991 bis 2004 [Treatment Provision for Heroin Users in the Canton of Zurich, 1991-2004]. 2006. Zurich : Forschungsgruppe Substanzstörungen der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik. Available at: http://www.puk-west. unizh.ch/de/pdf/MethiInfo13.pdf (accessed 13 September 2007).
11. Statistics Agency of the Canton of Zurich [in German]. Im Fokus: Todesfälle durch Drogen im Kanton Zurich 1978-2004 (In Focus: Overdose deaths in the canton of Zurich 1978-2004). Available at: http://www.statistik. zh.ch/themen/themen.php?tid=14&p=2 (accessed 13 September 2007).
12. Gossop M., Stewart D., Treacy S., Marsden J. A prospective study of mortality among drug misusers during a 4-year period after seeking treatment. Addiction 2002 97 : 39 47.
13. Zador D., Sunjic S. Deaths in methadone maintenance treatment in New South Wales, Australia 1990-1995. Addiction 2000 95 : 77 84.
14. Buster M. C. A., van Brussel G. H. A., van den Brink W. An increase in overdose mortality during the first 2 weeks after entering or re-entering methadone treatment in Amsterdam. Addiction 2002 97 : 993 1001.
15. Hickman M., Madden P., Henry J., Baker A., Wallace C., Wakefield J. et al. Trends in drug overdose deaths in England and Wales 1993-98: methadone does not kill more people than heroin. Addiction 2003 98 : 419 25.
16. Shah N., Lathrop S. L., Landen M. G. Unintentional methadone-related overdose death in New Mexico (USA) and implications for surveillance, 1998-2002. Addiction 2005 100 : 176 88.