Detecting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with intellectual disability. The use of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)

Research in Developmental Disabilities

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 158-164

  La Malfa, G ^a,b   Lassi, S ^a,b   Bertelli, M ^a,b   Pallanti, S ^a   Albertini, G ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b SIRM Italian Society for the Study of Mental Retardation   (Italy)

^c IRCCS SAN RAFFAELE PISANA   (Italy)

Author keywords

ADHD; Intellectual disability; Screening

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONNERS ADULT ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER RATING SCALE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; MALE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PREVALENCE; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; RATING SCALE; SCREENING TEST;

ADULT; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MENTAL RETARDATION; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 40649123044     PISSN: 08914222     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Adler L.A., Spencer T., Faraone S.V., Reimherr F.W., Kelsey D., Michelson D., et al. Training raters to assess adult ADHD: Reliability of ratings. Journal of Attention Disorders 8 (2005) 121-126
2. Adler L.A., Spencer T.J., and Milton D.R. Long-term, open-label study of the safety and efficacy of atomoxetine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an interim analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 66 (2005) 294-299
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
4. Biederman J., Newcorn J., and Sprich S. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 148 (1991) 564-577
5. Burack J.A., Evans D.W., Klaiman C., and Iarocci G. The mysterious myth of attention deficits and other defect stories: Contemporary issues in the developmental approach to mental retardation. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation 24 (2001) 299-320
6. Cleland C., Magura S., Foote J., Rosenblum A., and Kosanke N. Factor structure of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) for substance users. Addictive Behaviors (2005) [Epub ahead of print]
7. Conners C.K., Erhardt D., Epstein J.N., Parker J.D.A., Sitarenios G., and Sparrow E. Self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in Adults: I. Factor structure and normative data. Journal of Attention Disorders 3 (1999) 141-151
8. Conners C., Erhardt D., and Sparrow E. The Conners adult ADHD rating scale (CAARS) (1998), Multi-Health Systems Inc., Toronto
9. Davids E., and Gastpar M. Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie 72 (2004) 586-591
10. Dekker M.C., and Koot H.M. DSM-IV disorders in children with borderline to moderate intellectual disability: I. Prevalence and impact. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 42 (2003) 915-922
11. Emerson E. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 47 (2003) 51-58
12. Epstein M.H., Cullinan D., and Gadow K. Teacher's rating of hyperactivity in learning disabled, emotional disturbed and mentally retarded children. Journal of Special Education 22 (1986) 219-229
13. Erhardt D., Epstein J.N., Conners C.K., Parker J.D.A., and Sitarenios G. Self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in Adults: II. Reliability, validity, and diagnostic sensitivity. Journal of Attention Disorders 3 (1999) 153-158
14. Faraone S.V., and Biederman J. What is the prevalence of adult ADHD? Results of a population screen of 966 adults. Journal of Attention Disorders 9 (2005) 384-391
15. Fee V.E., Matson J.L., Moore L.A., and Benavidez D. The validity of hyperactivity, attention deficits and conduct problems among mentally retarded children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 21 (1993) 1-11
16. Fox R.A., and Wade E.J. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities 19 (1998) 275-280
17. Hastings R.P., Beck A., Daley D., and Hill C. Symptoms of ADHD and their correlates in children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities 26 (2005) 456-468
18. Jacobson J.W. Problem behaviour and psychiatric impairment within a developmentally disabled population. Behaviour frequency. Applied Research in Mental Retardation 3 (1982) 121-139
19. Jou R., Handen B., and Hardan A. Psychostimulant treatment of adults with mental retardation and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australasian Psychiatry 12 (2004) 376-379
20. Kessler R.C., Adler L.A., Barkley R., Biederman J., Conners C.K., Faraone S.V., et al. Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Biological Psychiatry 57 (2005) 1442-1451
21. Kratochvil C.J., Vaughan B.S., Harrington M.J., and Burke W.J. Atomoxetine: A selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 4 (2003) 1165-1174
22. Landis J.R., and Koch G.G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33 (1977) 159-174
23. Lassi, S., La Malfa, G. P., Mencaroni, M., Andreini, M., Mazzoni, M., Franchini, S., et al. (2005). Prevalence of ADHD in adults with intellectual disability: A preliminary report. In Proceedings of the Vth European Congress Mental Health in Mental Retardation Acts (p. 113). Barcelona: EAMHMR.
24. Mayes S.D., Calhoun S.L., and Crowell E.W. Learning disabilities and ADHD: Overlapping spectrum disorders. Journal of Learning Disability 33 (2000) 417-424
25. McCann B.S., and Roy-Byrne P. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in adults. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry 5 (2000) 191-197
26. Montano B. Diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in primary care. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65 (2004) 18-21
27. Murphy K.R., and Adler L.A. Assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in adults: Focus on rating scales. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65 (2004) 12-17
28. Pliszka S.R. Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: An overview. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 59 (1998) 50-58
29. Pliszka S.R., Carlson C.L., and Swanson J.M. ADHD with comorbid disorders: Clinical assessment and management (1999), Guilford Press, New York
30. Reimherr F.W., Marchant B.K., and Strong R.E. Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD and response to atomoxetine. Biological Psychiatry 58 (2005) 125-131
31. Seri Y., Kofman O., and Shay L. Time estimation could be impaired in male, but not female adults with attention deficits. Brain and Cognition 48 (2002) 553-558
32. Simpson D., and Plosker G.L. Atomoxetine: A review of its use in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Drugs 64 (2004) 205-222
33. Simpson D., and Plosker G.L. Spotlight on atomoxetine in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs 18 (2004) 397-401
34. Steer R.A., Ranieri W.F., Kumar G., and Beck A.T. Beck Depression Inventory-II items associated with self-reported symptoms of ADHD in adult psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment 80 (2003) 58-63
35. Sturmey P. DSM-III-R and persons with dual diagnosis: Conceptual issues and strategies for future research. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 39 (1995) 357-364
36. Swanson J.M., Sergeant J.A., Taylor E., Sonuga-Barke E.J., Jensen P.S., and Cantwell D.P. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. Lancet 351 (1998) 429-433
37. The Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2001). Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation (DC-LD). London: Gaskell.