Social mobilization and collective violence: Vigilantes and militias in the lowlands of Plateau State, central Nigeria

Africa

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 107-135

  Higazi, Adam ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; NATIONAL IDENTITY; POLITICAL SYSTEM; POWER RELATIONS; RURAL AREA; SECURITY THREAT; VIOLENCE;

AFRICA; NIGERIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 40649108365     PISSN: 00019720     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3366/E0001972008000077     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Agi, J. O. (2004) "The Development and Impact of British Colonial Rule in the Lowland Division of Plateau Province in Central Nigeria, 1902-1948'. PhD thesis, Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
2. Akinyele, R. T. (2001) 'Ethnic militancy and national stability in Nigeria: a case study of the Oodua People's Congress', African Affairs 100 (401): 623-40.
3. Aliyu, A. Y. (1974) 'The Establishment and Development of Emirate Government in Bauchi, 1805-1903'. PhD thesis (2 vols), Institute of Administration, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
4. Ames, C. G. (1972) Gazetteer of the Plateau Province (Nigeria): the highland chieftaincies (compiled 1932) in A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (ed.), Gazetteers of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria. London: Cass.
5. Awogbade, M. O. (1983) Fulani Pastoralism: Jos case study. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.
6. Azarya, V., A. Breedveld, M. de Bruijn and H. van Dijk (eds) (1999) Pastoralists under Pressure? Fule societies confronting change in West Africa. Leiden: Brill.
7. Bach, D. C. (1997) 'Indigeneity, ethnicity, and federalism' in L. Diamond, A. Kirk-Greene and O. Oyediran (eds), Transition Without End: Nigerian politics and civil society under Babangida. Boulder CO and London: Lynne Rienner.
8. Banfa, S. (1982) 'Towards a Yergam history: some explorations' in E. Isichei (ed.), Studies in the History of Plateau State, Nigeria. London: Macmillan.
9. Bawa, I. and V. I. Nwogwu (2002) 'The Jos Crisis' in Hope Betrayed? A report on impunity and state-sponsored violence in Nigeria. Geneva and Lagos: World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) and Centre for Law Enforcement Education (CLEEN).
10. Blench, R. M. (1994) 'The expansion and adaptation of Fule pastoralism to subhumid and humid conditions in Nigeria', Cahiers d'etudes africaines 133-135: 197-212.
11. Blench, R. M. (2001) 'The transformation of conflict between pastoralists and cultivators in Nigeria'. Unpublished paper.
12. Blench, R. M. (2004a) Natural Resource Conflicts in North-Central Nigeria: a handbook and case studies. London: Mandaras Publishing.
13. Blench, R. M. (2004b) 'Improving the knowledge base on small arms in northern and central Nigeria'. Unpublished paper prepared for the UK Department for International Development, Nigeria.
14. Burnham, P. (1999) 'Pastoralism under pressure? - Understanding social change in Fule society' in V. Azarya, A. Breedveld, M. de Bruijn and H. van Dijk (eds), Pastoralists under Pressure? Fule societies confronting change in West Africa. Leiden: Brill.
15. Danfulani, U. and S. Fwatshak (2002) 'Briefing: the September 2001 events in Jos, Nigeria', African Affairs 101: 243-55.
16. Dungum, G. R. (2002) 'The ethno-religious violence in Plateau State as it affects Wase Local Government Area. Vol. 2: The positions of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) and the Khushin Jukun'. Report, Wase, December.
17. Ehrhardt, D. (2007) 'Authoritative Voices: informal authorities and conflict resolution in Kano, Nigeria'. MPhil thesis in Development Studies, University of Oxford.
18. Fremantle, J. M. (ed.) [1919] (1972) Gazetteer of Muri Province (up to December 1919) in A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (ed.), Gazetteers of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria. London: Cass.
19. Guichaoua, Y. (2007) 'Les mutations d'une milice ethnique sous le rég civil d'Olusegun Obasanjo', Politique africaine, special issue, 'Le Nigeria sous Obasanjo: violences et démocratie', 106: 92-109.
20. Higazi, A. (2007) 'Violence urbaine et politique à Jos (Nigeria), de la période colonial aux élections de 2007', translated by Aurélie Roger, Politique africaine 106: 69-91.
21. Hogben, S. J. and A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (1966) The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: a preliminary survey of their historical traditions. London: Oxford University Press.
22. Hogendorn, J. S. and P. E. Lovejoy (1993) Slow Death for Slavery: the course of abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897-1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. Human, Rights Watch (200 1) 'Jos: a city torn apart, Human Rights Watch 13 (9A) (December).
24. Human Rights Watch (2005) 'Revenge in the name of religion: the cycle of violence in Plateau and Kano States', Human Rights Watch 17 (8A) (May).
25. Isichei, E. (ed.) (1982) Studies in the History of Plateau State, Nigeria. London: Macmillan.
26. Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. (1986) 'Maudu laawol pulaaku: survival and symbiosis' in M. Adamu and A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (eds), Pastoralists of the West African Savanna. Manchester: Manchester University Press for the International African Institute.
27. Last, M. (1967) 'A note on attitudes to the supernatural in the Sokoto Jihad', Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 4 (1): 3-13.
28. Leach, E. (2000) 'The nature of war' in S. Hugh-Jones and J. Laidlaw (eds), The Essential Edmund Leach. Volume 1: Anthropology and Society. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
29. Loimeier,R. (1997) Islamic Reform and Political Change in Northern Nigeria. Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press.
30. Longtau, S. R. and R. M. Blench (2007) 'Tarok dictionary: Tarok-English with an English-Tarok finderlist'. Unpublished manuscript.
31. Lovejoy, P. E. (1980) Caravans of Kola: the Hausa kola trade, 1700-1900. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.
32. Meagher, K. (2007) 'Hijacking civil society: the inside story of the Bakassi Boys vigilante group of south-eastern. Nigeria', Journal of Modern African Studies 45 (1): 89-115..
33. Meek, C. K. (1931) A Sudanese Kingdom: an ethnographical study of the Jukun-speaking peoples of Nigeria, with an introduction by H. R. Palmer. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
34. Moritz, M. (2006) 'Changing contexts and dynamics of herder-farmer conflicts across West Africa', Canadian Journal of African Studies 40 (1): 1-28.
35. Netting, R. McC. (1968) Hill Farmers of Nigeria: cultural ecology of the Kofyar of the Jos Plateau. Seattle WA and London: University of Washington Press.
36. Peel, J. D. Y. (1989) 'The cultural work of Yoruba ethnogenesis' in E. Tonkin, M. McDonald and M. Chapman (eds), History and Ethnicity. London: Routledge.
37. Pratten, D. (2007) 'Singing thieves: history and practice in Nigerian popular justice', in D. Pratten and A. Sen (eds), Global Vigilantes: perspectives on justice and violence. London: Hurst and Company.
38. Smith, M. G. and M. F. Smith (1990) 'Kyanship and kinship among the Tarok', Africa, 60 (2): 242-69.
39. Stenning, D. J. (1957) 'Transhumance, migratory drift, migration; patterns of pastoral Fulani nomadism', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 87 (1): 57-73.
40. Stone, G. D. (1996) Settlement Ecology: the social and spatial organisation of Kofyar agriculture. Tucson AZ: University of Arizona Press.
41. Umar, M. S. (1993) 'Changing Islamic identity in Nigeria from the 1960s to the 1980s: from Sufism to anti-Sufism' in L. Brenner (ed.), Muslim Identity and Social Change in Sub-Saharan Africa. Bloomington and Indianapolis IN: Indiana University Press.
42. Vansina, J. (1985) Oral Tradition as History. London and Wisconsin WI: University of Wisconsin Press.