메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 65-84

Consensual hegemony: Theorizing Brazilian foreign policy after the cold war

Author keywords

Antonio Gramsci; Brazil; Fernando Henrique Cardoso; Foreign policy; Hegemony

Indexed keywords


EID: 40649101725     PISSN: 00471178     EISSN: 17412862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0047117807087243     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (124)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 40649089267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The author is grateful to Shaun Breslin, Jean Daudelin, Andrew Hurrell, Isabelle Palad, Nicola Phillips, Matias Spektor and the journal's anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier iterations of this article. Research for this article was partially supported by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
  • 2
    • 84894953470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A more detailed accounting of Brazil's post-Cold War foreign policy can be found in Sean W. Burges
    • (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, forthcoming)
    • A more detailed accounting of Brazil's post-Cold War foreign policy can be found in Sean W. Burges, Brazilian Foreign Policy after the Cold War (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, forthcoming).
    • Brazilian Foreign Policy After the Cold War
  • 3
    • 1642368641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A Política Exterior do Brasil: 1990-2002'
    • Amado Luiz Cervo, 'Relações Internacionais do Brasil: Um Balanço da Era Cardoso', Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 45(1), 2002, pp. 5-35; Thomas Guedes da Costa, Brazil in the New Decade: Searching for a Future (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2000); Thomas Guedes da Costa, 'Strategies for Global Insertion: Brazil and its Regional Partners', in Joseph S. Tulchin and Ralph H. Espach (eds), Latin America in the New International System (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001); Luiz Felipe Lampreia and Ademar Seabra da Cruz Junior, 'Brazil: Coping with Structural Constraints', in Justin L. Robertson and Maurice A. East (eds), Diplomacy and Developing Nations: Post-Cold War Foreign Policy-Making Structures and Processes (London: Routledge, 2005); Henrique Altemani de Oliveira, Política Externa Brasileira (São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2005); Leticia Pinheiro, Política Externa Brasileira (Rio de Janeiro
    • Raúl Bernal-Meza, 'A Política Exterior do Brasil: 1990-2002', Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 45(1), 2002, pp. 36-71; Amado Luiz Cervo, 'Relações Internacionais do Brasil: Um Balanço da Era Cardoso', Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 45(1), 2002, pp. 5-35; Thomas Guedes da Costa, Brazil in the New Decade: Searching for a Future (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2000); Thomas Guedes da Costa, 'Strategies for Global Insertion: Brazil and its Regional Partners', in Joseph S. Tulchin and Ralph H. Espach (eds), Latin America in the New International System (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001); Luiz Felipe Lampreia and Ademar Seabra da Cruz Junior, 'Brazil: Coping with Structural Constraints', in Justin L. Robertson and Maurice A. East (eds), Diplomacy and Developing Nations: Post-Cold War Foreign Policy-Making Structures and Processes (London: Routledge, 2005); Henrique Altemani de Oliveira, Política Externa Brasileira (São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2005); Leticia Pinheiro, Política Externa Brasileira (Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 2004); Paulo Fagundes Vizentini, Relações Internacionais do Brasil: De Vargas a Lula (São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2003).
    • (2002) Revista Brasileira De Política Internacional , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-71
    • Bernal-Meza, R.1
  • 4
    • 40649095370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'US Hegemony and the Reconfiguration of the Caribbean'
    • Arthur A. Stein, 'The Hegemon's Dilemma: Great Britain, the United States, and the International Economic Order', International Organization, 38(2), 1984, p. 356
    • Anthony Payne, 'US Hegemony and the Reconfiguration of the Caribbean', Review of International Studies, 20(2), 1996, pp. 150-4; Arthur A. Stein, 'The Hegemon's Dilemma: Great Britain, the United States, and the International Economic Order', International Organization, 38(2), 1984, p. 356.
    • (1996) Review of International Studies , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 150-154
    • Payne, A.1
  • 8
    • 0001188851 scopus 로고
    • 'Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy: Exploitation, Public Goods, and Free Rides'
    • Charles P. Kindleberger, 'Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy: Exploitation, Public Goods, and Free Rides', International Studies Quarterly, 25(2), 1981, p. 242.
    • (1981) International Studies Quarterly , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 242
    • Kindleberger, C.P.1
  • 9
    • 84972091498 scopus 로고
    • 'State Power and the Structure of International Trade'
    • Stephen D. Krasner, 'State Power and the Structure of International Trade', World Politics, 28(3), 1976, p. 322.
    • (1976) World Politics , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 322
    • Krasner, S.D.1
  • 11
    • 84868884288 scopus 로고
    • 'Hegemonic Stability Theory and the 19th Century Tariff Levels in Europe'
    • Timothy J. McKeown, 'Hegemonic Stability Theory and the 19th Century Tariff Levels in Europe', International Organization, 37(1), 1983, p. 74.
    • (1983) International Organization , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 74
    • McKeown, T.J.1
  • 13
    • 34447153779 scopus 로고
    • 'Hegemonic Stability Theory: An Empirical Assessment'
    • Michael C. Webb and Stephen B. Krasner, 'Hegemonic Stability Theory: An Empirical Assessment', Review of International Studies, 15, 1989, p. 183.
    • (1989) Review of International Studies , vol.15 , pp. 183
    • Webb, M.C.1    Krasner, S.B.2
  • 14
    • 84974081599 scopus 로고
    • 'The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory'
    • Duncan Snidal, 'The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory', International Organization, 39(4), 1985, p. 579.
    • (1985) International Organization , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 579
    • Snidal, D.1
  • 15
    • 0003618703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIA, 'Probable Developments in Brazil', National Intelligence Estimate NIE-86 (4 December 1953); CIA, 'Short-Term Prospects for Brazil Under Goulart', Special National Intelligence Estimate 93-2-61 (7 December 1961); 3rd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press); Andrew Nickson, 'Tyranny and Longevity: Stroessner's Paraguay', Third World Quarterly, 10(1), 1988, pp. 237-59
    • CIA, 'Probable Developments in Brazil', National Intelligence Estimate NIE-86 (4 December 1953); CIA, 'Short-Term Prospects for Brazil Under Goulart', Special National Intelligence Estimate 93-2-61 (7 December 1961); Brian Loveman, Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism, 3rd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001); Andrew Nickson, 'Tyranny and Longevity: Stroessner's Paraguay', Third World Quarterly, 10(1), 1988, pp. 237-59.
    • (2001) Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism
    • Loveman, B.1
  • 19
    • 0003500714 scopus 로고
    • Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge)
    • Cardoso and Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America; Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989).
    • (1989) Dependency and Development in Latin America
    • Cardoso, F.H.1    Faletto, E.2
  • 23
    • 0002605727 scopus 로고
    • 'The Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Changes in the International Economic Regimes, 1967-1977'
    • in Ole R. Holsti, Randolph M. Siverson and Alexander L. George (eds) (Boulder, CO: Westview Press)
    • Robert O. Keohane, 'The Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Changes in the International Economic Regimes, 1967-1977', in Ole R. Holsti, Randolph M. Siverson and Alexander L. George (eds), Change in the International System (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1980).
    • (1980) Change in the International System
    • Keohane, R.O.1
  • 27
    • 0345474269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Gramsci, Hegemony, and International Relations: An Essay in Method'
    • in Robert W. Cox with Timothy Sinclair (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
    • Robert W. Cox, 'Gramsci, Hegemony, and International Relations: An Essay in Method', in Robert W. Cox with Timothy Sinclair, Approaches to World Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 127.
    • (1996) Approaches to World Order , pp. 127
    • Cox, R.W.1
  • 29
    • 0003439387 scopus 로고
    • 'The Modern Prince'
    • in Antonio Gramsci trans. Louis Marks (New York: International Publishers)
    • Antonio Gramsci, 'The Modern Prince', in Antonio Gramsci, The Modern Prince and Other Writings, trans. Louis Marks (New York: International Publishers, 1957), pp. 154-5.
    • (1957) The Modern Prince and Other Writings , pp. 154-155
    • Gramsci, A.1
  • 30
    • 0040689671 scopus 로고
    • 'The Three Hegemonies of Historical Capitalism'
    • in Stephen Gill (ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
    • Giovanni Arrighi, 'The Three Hegemonies of Historical Capitalism', in Stephen Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 149-50.
    • (1993) Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations , pp. 149-150
    • Arrighi, G.1
  • 35
    • 0004309472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Femia, Gramsci's Political Thought, pp. 37-9; Cox, 'Gramsci, Hegemony, and International Relations', pp. 127-9
    • Gramsci, 'The Modern Prince', pp. 154-5; Femia, Gramsci's Political Thought, pp. 37-9; Cox, 'Gramsci, Hegemony, and International Relations', pp. 127-9.
    • 'The Modern Prince' , pp. 154-155
    • Gramsci, A.1
  • 36
    • 0036801332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Cooperative Hegemony: Power, Ideas, and Institutions in Regional Integration'
    • Thomas Pedersen, 'Cooperative Hegemony: Power, Ideas, and Institutions in Regional Integration', Review of International Studies, 28, 2002, pp. 684-5.
    • (2002) Review of International Studies , vol.28 , pp. 684-685
    • Pedersen, T.1
  • 38
    • 84972442822 scopus 로고
    • 'Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics'
    • Alexander Wendt, 'Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics', International Organization, 46(2), 1992, pp. 391-425.
    • (1992) International Organization , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 391-425
    • Wendt, A.1
  • 41
    • 0002896981 scopus 로고
    • ed. and trans. Quentin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith (London: Lawrence and Wishart)
    • Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, ed. and trans. Quentin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1971), pp. 349-50.
    • (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks , pp. 349-350
    • Gramsci, A.1
  • 43
    • 40649091719 scopus 로고
    • 'Brazil'. Itamaraty, Subsecretaria-Geral de Planejamento Político e Econömico
    • (Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão/ Instituto de Pesquisas de Relações Internacionais), unpublished working document
    • Lampreia and Cruz, 'Brazil'. Itamaraty, Subsecretaria-Geral de Planejamento Político e Econömico, Reflexões sobre a Política Externa Brasileira (Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão/Instituto de Pesquisas de Relações Internacionais), unpublished working document, 1993.
    • (1993) Reflexões Sobre a Política Externa Brasileira
    • Lampreia, L.F.1    da Cruz, A.S.2
  • 44
    • 40649090266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (depoimento) (Rio de Janeiro: CPDOC, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2003); Celso Lafer, 'Brazilian International Identity and Foreign Policy: Past, Present, and Future', Daedalus, 129(2), 2000, pp. 207-38; Celso Lafer, A Identidade Internacional do Brasil e a Política Externa Brasileira: Passado, Presente e Futuro (São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2001)
    • Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim, Celso Amorim (depoimento, 1997) (Rio de Janeiro: CPDOC, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2003); Celso Lafer, 'Brazilian International Identity and Foreign Policy: Past, Present, and Future', Daedalus, 129(2), 2000, pp. 207-38; Celso Lafer, A Identidade Internacional do Brasil e a Política Externa Brasileira: Passado, Presente e Futuro (São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2001).
    • (1997) Celso Amorim
    • Amorim, C.L.N.1
  • 45
    • 0003326155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Regions, Regionalism and the South'
    • in Jean Grugel and Wil Hout (eds) (London: Routledge); Samir Amin, 'Regionalization in Response to Polarizing Globalization', in Björn Hettne, András Inotai and Osvaldo Sunkel (eds), Globalism and the New Regionalism (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); Marjan Svetlicic, 'Challenges of Globalisation and Regionalisation in the World Economy', Global Society, 10(2), 1996, pp. 107-23; Edward D. Mansfi eld and Helen V. Milner, 'The New Wave of Regionalism', International Organization, 53(3), 1999, pp. 589-627
    • Jean Grugel and Wil Hout, 'Regions, Regionalism and the South', in Jean Grugel and Wil Hout (eds), Regionalism across the North-South Divide: State Strategies in the Semi-periphery (London: Routledge, 1999); Samir Amin, 'Regionalization in Response to Polarizing Globalization', in Björn Hettne, András Inotai and Osvaldo Sunkel (eds), Globalism and the New Regionalism (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); Marjan Svetlicic, 'Challenges of Globalisation and Regionalisation in the World Economy', Global Society, 10(2), 1996, pp. 107-23; Edward D. Mansfi eld and Helen V. Milner, 'The New Wave of Regionalism', International Organization, 53(3), 1999, pp. 589-627.
    • (1999) Regionalism Across the North-South Divide: State Strategies in the Semi-periphery
    • Grugel, J.1    Hout, W.2
  • 47
    • 0025599011 scopus 로고
    • 'Argentine-Brazilian Economic Integration: An Early Appraisal'
    • Renato Baumann and Juan Carlos Lerda (eds), Brasil-Argentina-Uruguai: A Integração em Debate (Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 1987)
    • Luigi Manzetti, 'Argentine-Brazilian Economic Integration: An Early Appraisal', Latin American Research Review, 25(3), 1990, pp. 109-40; Renato Baumann and Juan Carlos Lerda (eds), Brasil-Argentina-Uruguai: A Integração em Debate (Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 1987).
    • (1990) Latin American Research Review , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 109-140
    • Manzetti, L.1
  • 48
    • 85050788653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Brasília: Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais); Nicola Phillips, 'Regionalist Governance in the New Political Economy of Development: "Relaunching" the Mercosur', Third World Quarterly, 22(4), 2001, pp. 565-83; Jeffrey Cason, 'On the Road to Southern Cone Economic Integration', Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 42(1), 2002, pp. 23-42; Sean W. Burges, 'Bounded by the Reality of Trade: Practical Limits to a South American Region', Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 18(3), 2005, pp. 437-54
    • Alcides Costa Va, Cooperação, Integração e Processo Negociador: A Construcção do Mercosul (Brasília: Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais, 2002); Nicola Phillips, 'Regionalist Governance in the New Political Economy of Development: "Relaunching" the Mercosur', Third World Quarterly, 22(4), 2001, pp. 565-83; Jeffrey Cason, 'On the Road to Southern Cone Economic Integration', Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 42(1), 2002, pp. 23-42; Sean W. Burges, 'Bounded by the Reality of Trade: Practical Limits to a South American Region', Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 18(3), 2005, pp. 437-54.
    • (2002) Cooperação, Integração E Processo Negociador: A Construcção Do Mercosul
    • Va Costa, A.1
  • 50
    • 40649105135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'US Hegemony and the Reconfiguration of the Caribbean'
    • Payne, 'US Hegemony and the Reconfiguration of the Caribbean'; Strange, States and Markets.
    • Strange States and Markets
    • Payne, A.1
  • 51
    • 40649116287 scopus 로고
    • 'Política Externa e Desenvolvimento'
    • Roberto Abdenur, 'Política Externa e Desenvolvimento', Política Externa, 3(3), 1994, p. 51.
    • (1994) Política Externa , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 51
    • Abdenur, R.1
  • 52
    • 40649108685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'O Brasil e um novo America do Sul'
    • 30 August 2000; José Antonio Ocampo and Juan Martin, Globalization and Development: A Latin American and Caribbean Perspective (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press)
    • Fernando Henrique Cardoso, 'O Brasil e um novo America do Sul', Valor Econômico, 30 August 2000; José Antonio Ocampo and Juan Martin, Globalization and Development: A Latin American and Caribbean Perspective (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).
    • (2003) Valor Econômico
    • Cardoso, F.H.1
  • 53
    • 32944462059 scopus 로고
    • 'O Brasil e Suas Opções Internacionais: A Articulação Entre o Universal e o Regional'
    • Rubens Antonio Barbosa, 'O Brasil e Suas Opções Internacionais: A Articulação Entre o Universal e o Regional', Política Externa, 3(3), 1994, pp. 101-16.
    • (1994) Política Externa , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 101-116
    • Barbosa, R.A.1
  • 54
    • 40649096480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'O Impacto da Globalização nos Países em Desenvolvimento: Riscos e Oportunidades'
    • speech given at the Mexico City, 20 February Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Mário Soares, O Mundo em Português: Um Diálogo (São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1998), pp. 257-63; Celso Lafer, 'Comércio Internacional, Multilateralismo e Regionalismo: Temas Emergentes e Novas Direções', Política Externa, 5(3), 1996, pp. 50-64
    • Fernando Henrique Cardoso, 'O Impacto da Globalização nos Países em Desenvolvimento: Riscos e Oportunidades', speech given at the Colegio de México, Mexico City, 20 February 1996; Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Mário Soares, O Mundo em Português: Um Diálogo (São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1998), pp. 257-63; Celso Lafer, 'Comércio Internacional, Multilateralismo e Regionalismo: Temas Emergentes e Novas Direções', Política Externa, 5(3), 1996, pp. 50-64.
    • (1996) Colegio De México
    • Cardoso, F.H.1
  • 56
    • 40649112484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Speech by the President of the Republic, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, at the Rio Palace Hotel - Rio de Janeiro', 2000; Gilson Schwartz, 'The Privatization Process and Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil: Results and Perspectives', International Spectator
    • Fernando Henrique Cardoso, 'Speech by the President of the Republic, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, at the Opening Ceremony of the Sixth Economic Summit of Mercosur, Rio Palace Hotel - Rio de Janeiro', 2000; Gilson Schwartz, 'The Privatization Process and Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil: Results and Perspectives', International Spectator, 33(3), 1998, pp. 69-84.
    • (1998) Opening Ceremony of the Sixth Economic Summit of Mercosur , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 69-84
    • Cardoso, F.H.1
  • 57
    • 0343106537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Made in Brazil: Cardoso's Critical Path from Dependency via Neoliberal Options and the Third Way in the 1990s'
    • Nicola Phillips, The Southern Cone Model: The Political Economy of Regional Capitalist Development (London: Routledge, 2004)
    • Susan M. Cunningham, 'Made in Brazil: Cardoso's Critical Path from Dependency via Neoliberal Options and the Third Way in the 1990s', European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 67, 1999, pp. 75-86; Nicola Phillips, The Southern Cone Model: The Political Economy of Regional Capitalist Development (London: Routledge, 2004).
    • (1999) European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies , vol.67 , pp. 75-86
    • Cunningham, S.M.1
  • 58
    • 33644871860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Without Sticks or Carrots: Brazilian Leadership in South America during the Cardoso Era, 1992-2002'
    • Sean W. Burges, 'Without Sticks or Carrots: Brazilian Leadership in South America during the Cardoso Era, 1992-2002', Bulletin of Latin American Research, 25(1), 2006, pp. 23-42.
    • (2006) Bulletin of Latin American Research , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-42
    • Burges, S.W.1
  • 59
    • 3943075713 scopus 로고
    • 'The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO'
    • author interviews with WTO trade negotiators from various countries, Geneva, 17-20 April 2007
    • Amrita Narlikar and Diana Tussie, 'The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO', The World Economy, 27(7), 1994, pp. 947-66; author interviews with WTO trade negotiators from various countries, Geneva, 17-20 April 2007.
    • (1994) The World Economy , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 947-966
    • Narlikar, A.1    Tussie, D.2
  • 60
    • 40649095780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Role of Mercosur in Regional Trade Growth'
    • M. Anaam Hashmi, 'Role of Mercosur in Regional Trade Growth', Managerial Finance, 26(1), 2000, pp. 41-52.
    • (2000) Managerial Finance , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-52
    • Hashmi, M.A.1
  • 61
    • 40649093432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Regionalist Governance in the New Political Economy of Development'
    • 4 February
    • Phillips, 'Regionalist Governance in the New Political Economy of Development'; O Estado de São Paulo, 4 February 1999.
    • (1999) O Estado De São Paulo
    • Phillips, N.1
  • 62
    • 40649084698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BNDES (Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, October); Francisco Mauro Brasil de Holanda, O Gás no Mercosul: Uma Perspectiva Brasileira (Brasília: Instituto Rio Branco/FUNAG/Centro de Estudos Estratégicos, 2001)
    • BNDES, Petrobrás. Cadernos de Infra-Estrutura: Fatos - Estratégias, no. 9 (Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, October 1998); Francisco Mauro Brasil de Holanda, O Gás no Mercosul: Uma Perspectiva Brasileira (Brasília: Instituto Rio Branco/FUNAG/ Centro de Estudos Estratégicos, 2001).
    • (1998) Petrobrás. Cadernos De Infra-Estrutura: Fatos - Estratégias , Issue.9
  • 67
    • 40649092449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • John Luke Gallup, Alejandro Gaviria and Eduardo Lora (eds), Is Geography Destiny? Lessons from Latin America (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press)
    • Burges, 'Bounded by the Realities of Trade'; John Luke Gallup, Alejandro Gaviria and Eduardo Lora (eds), Is Geography Destiny? Lessons from Latin America (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).
    • (2003) 'Bounded By the Realities of Trade'
    • Burges, S.W.1
  • 68
    • 84863994015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Brazil: How Realists Defend Democracy'
    • in Thomas Legler, Sharon F. Lean and Dexter S. Boniface (eds) (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press)
    • Jean Daudelin and Sean W. Burges, 'Brazil: How Realists Defend Democracy', in Thomas Legler, Sharon F. Lean and Dexter S. Boniface (eds), Promoting Democracy in the Americas (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007).
    • (2007) Promoting Democracy in the Americas
    • Daudelin, J.1    Burges, S.W.2
  • 69
    • 34447254439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2002); Luiz Felipe Lampreia, personal interview, Rio de Janeiro, 23 September
    • Monica Herz and João Pontes Nogueira, Ecuador vs. Peru: Peacemaking Amid Rivalry, International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2002); Luiz Felipe Lampreia, personal interview, Rio de Janeiro, 23 September 2002.
    • (2002) Ecuador Vs. Peru: Peacemaking Amid Rivalry
    • Herz, M.1    Nogueira, J.P.2
  • 70
    • 16744368814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Paraguay: The Coup That Didn't Happen'
    • Arturo Valenzuela, 'Paraguay: The Coup That Didn't Happen', Journal of Democracy, 8(1), 1997, pp. 43-55.
    • (1997) Journal of Democracy , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-55
    • Valenzuela, A.1
  • 71
    • 31144465838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17 May 8 June 2005; Mercopress, 2 December 2005
    • O Estado de São Paulo, 17 May 2005, 8 June 2005; Mercopress, 2 December 2005.
    • (2005) O Estado De São Paulo
  • 72
    • 0038842507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The OAS in Peru: Room for Improvement'
    • Cynthia McClintock, 'The OAS in Peru: Room for Improvement', Journal of Democracy, 12(4), 2001, pp. 137-40.
    • (2001) Journal of Democracy , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 137-140
    • McClintock, C.1
  • 73
    • 84909582063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remarks by Lino Gutierrez, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs, to the North-South Center Roundtable Washington, DC, 17 April 2002, available at: (accessed 25 November 2007)
    • Remarks by Lino Gutierrez, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs, to the North-South Center Roundtable, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, 17 April 2002, available at: www.state.gov/p/wha/rls/rm/9573.htm (accessed 25 November 2007).
    • Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
  • 74
    • 40649104455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Speech on the Occasion of the Official Visit to the Republic of Costa Rica'
    • San José, Costa Rica, 4 April
    • Fernando Henrique Cardoso, 'Speech on the Occasion of the Official Visit to the Republic of Costa Rica', San José, Costa Rica, 4 April 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Cardoso, F.H.1
  • 75
    • 40649087493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Audiência Pública do Ministro da Defesa na Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional do Senado Federal'
    • 22 November
    • Geraldo Magela da Cruz Qunitão, 'Audiência Pública do Ministro da Defesa na Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional do Senado Federal', 22 November 2000.
    • (2000)
    • da Cruz Qunitão, G.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.