Statistical multipath exposure of a human in a realistic electromagnetic environment

Health Physics

Volumn 94, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 345-354

  Vermeeren, Günter ^a   Joseph, Wout ^b   Olivier, Christof ^b   Martens, Luc ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Absorption; Electromagnetic fields; Exposure, radiofrequency; Statistics

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; ARTICLE; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SIMULATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; VALIDATION STUDY;

DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; HUMANS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION;

EID: 40549123972     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.HP.0000298816.66888.05     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Andersen JB. Statistical distributions in mobile communications using multiple scattering. In: Proceedings of XXVIIth General Assembly of the Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale. Maastricht, The Netherlands: URSI; 2002: 565.
2. Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique. Basic standard for the measurement of specific absorption rate related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz-3 GHz). Brussels: CENELEC; European Standard EN 50 360; 2001.
3. Durney CH, Iskander MF, Massoudi H, Johnson CC. An empirical formula for the broad-band SAR calculations of prolate spheroidal models of humans and animals. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 27:758-763; 1979.
4. Durney CH, Massoudi H, Iskander MF. Radiofrequency radiation dosimetry handbook. Brooks Air Force Base, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine; 1986.
5. Ertel RB, Cardieri P, Sowerby KW, Rappaport TS, Reed JH. Overview of spatial channel models for antenna array communication systems. IEEE Personal Commun Mag 5:10-22; 1998.
6. Ghandi OP, Lam MS. An on-site dosimetry system for safety assessment of wireless base stations using spatial harmonic components. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 51:840-847; 2003.
7. International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields. Health Phys 74:494-522; 1998.
8. International Electrotechnical Commission. Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices - human models, instrumentation, and procedures to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in the close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz To 3 GHz). Geneva: IEC; International Standard 62209; 2005.
9. Joseph W, Verloock L, Martens L. Reconstruction of the polarization ellipse of the EM field of telecommunication and broadcast antennas by a fast and low-cost measurement method. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 48:385-396; 2006.
10. Kalliola K, Sulonen K, Laitinen H, Kiveks O, Krogerus J, Vainikainen P. Angular power distribution and mean effective gain of mobile antenna in different propagation environments. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 51:823-838; 2002.
11. Lazzi G, Ghandi OP. A mixed FDTD-integral equation approach for on-site safety assessment in complex electromagnetic environments. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 51:1830-1836; 2003.
12. Lehmann H, Fritschi P, Eicher B. Indoor measurements of the electrical field close to mobile phone base stations. In: Proceedings of XXVIIth General Assembly of Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale. Maastricht, The Netherlands: URSI; Paper 2112; 2002.
13. Neubauer G, Giczi W, Schmid G. An optimized method to determine exposure due to GSM base stations applied in the city of Salzburg. In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society of Quebec, Canada. Quebec: Bioelectromagnetics Society; 2002: 46-47.
14. Neubauer G, Haider H, Riederer M, Coray R. Measurement methods and legal requirements for exposure assessment next to GSM base stations. In: Proceedings of EMC Zurich symposium 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, and Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Electronics; 2003: 143-148.
15. Olivier C. Characterisation of the electromagnetic radiation close to broadcast and wireless communications antennas. Ghent: Ghent University; 2007. Dissertation.
16. Olivier C, Martens L. Measurements of exposure to electromagnetic radiation around GSM base stations in Belgium. In: 23rd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society. St. Paul: Bioelectromagnetics Society; 2001a: 102-104.
17. Olivier C, Martens L. A practical method for compliance testing of base stations for mobile communications with exposure limits. In: Procedings of the IEEE International AP-S Symposium. Boston: Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers, Inc; 2001b: 64-67.
18. Olivier C, Martens L. Electromagnetic field measurements in multi-path exposure conditions. In: International NIR workshop and symposium. Seville: ICNIRP; WHO; ICOH; URSI; Session 4; 2004.
19. Olivier C, Joseph W, Martens L. Preliminary electromagnetic measurements of the exposure around a UMTS base station. In: The 5th International Congress of the European Bioelectromagnetics Association. Helsinki: European Bioelectronics Association; 2001: 120-121.
20. Saunders SR. Antennas and propagation for wireless communication systems. New York: Wiley; 1999.
21. Vermeeren G, Olivier C, Joseph W, Martens L. Statistical model of the electromagnetic fields in a realistic environment. In: 29th Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society. Kanazawa: Bioelectromagnetics Society; 2007: P-24.
22. Zhao X, Kivinen J, Vainikainen P, Skog K. Propagation characteristics for wideband outdoor mobile communications at 5.3 GHz. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 20:507-514; 2002.