Risk adjusting community-acquired pneumonia hospital outcomes using automated databases

American Journal of Managed Care

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 158-166

  Escobar, Gabriel J ^a,c   Fireman, Bruce H ^a   Palen, Ted E ^a   Gardner, Marla N ^a   Lee, Janelle Y ^a   Clark, Mark P ^a   Kipnis, Patricia ^a,b  

^a KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^b Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc   (United States)

^c KAISER PERMANENTE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABBREVIATED FINE SEVERITY SCORE; ARTICLE; ASSISTED VENTILATION; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MORTALITY; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; PNEUMONIA SEVERITY INDEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROC CURVE; UNITED STATES;

CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; DATABASES, FACTUAL; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEMS, COMPUTERIZED; PNEUMONIA; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 40549117542     PISSN: 10880224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Clinical Classification for Health Policy Research: Hospital Inpatient Statistics. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1999:99-134.
2. Halm EA, Teirstein AS. Clinical practice: management of community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(25):2039-2045.
3. DeFrances CJ, Podgomik MN. 2004 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Adv Data. 2006, May 4;(371):1-19.
4. Meehan TP, Fine MJ, Krumholz HM, et al. Quality of care, process, and outcomes in elderly patients with pneumonia. JAMA. 1997;278(23):2080-2084.
5. Kaplan V, Angus DC, Griffin MF, Clermont G, Scott Watson R, Linde-Zwirble WT. Hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: age- and sex-related patterns of care and outcome in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(6):766-772.
6. Niederman MS, McCombs JS, Unger AN, Kumar A, Popovian R. The cost of treating community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Ther. 1998;20(4):820-837.
7. Lave JR, Lin CC, Fine MJ, Hughes-Cromwick P. The cost of treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;20(3):189-197.
8. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(7):1303-1310.
9. Blumenthal D. The variation phenomenon in 1994. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(15):1017-1018.
10. Blumenthal D. Quality of health care, part 1: quality of care: what is it? N Engl J Med. 1996;335(12):891-894.
11. Blumenthal D. Quality of health care, part 4: the origins of the quality-of-care debate. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(15):1146-1149.
12. Iezzoni LI. Assessing quality using administrative data. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(8, pt 2):666-674.
13. Iezzoni LI. Risks and outcomes. In: Risk Adjustment for Measuring Healthcare Outcomes. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press; 1997:1-41.
14. Pine M, Jordan HS, Elixhauser A, et al. Enhancement of claims data to improve risk adjustment of hospital mortality. JAMA. 2007;297(1):71-76.
15. McMahon LF Jr, Hayward RA, Bernard AM, Rosevear JS, Weissfeld LA. APACHE-L: a new severity of illness adjuster for inpatient medical care. Med Care. 1992;30(5):445-452.
16. Render ML, Kim HM, Welsh DE, et al. Automated intensive care unit risk adjustment: results from a national Veterans Affairs study. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(6):1638-1646.
17. Graham PL, Cook DA. Prediction of risk of death using 30-day outcome: a practical end point for quality auditing in intensive care. Chest. 2004;125(4):1458-1466.
18. Render ML, Kim HM, Deddens J, et al. Variation in outcomes in Veterans Affairs intensive care units with a computerized severity measure. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(5):930-939.
19. Fine MJ, Hanusa BH, Lave JR, et al. Comparison of a disease-specific and a generic severity of illness measure for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J Gen Intern Med. 1995;10(7):359-368.
20. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(4):243-250.
21. Permanente Medical Group I. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Oakland, CA: Permanente Medical Group I; 2003.
22. Selby JV. Linking automated databases for research in managed care settings. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(8, pt 2):719-724.
23. Go AS, Hylek EM, Chang Y, et al. Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice? JAMA. 2003;290(20):2685-2692.
24. Hylek EM, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. Effect of intensity of oral anticoagulation on stroke severity and mortality in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(11):1019-1026.
25. Newman T, Escobar G, Gonzales V, Armstrong M, Gardner M, Folck B. Frequency of neonatal bilirubin testing and hyperbilirubinemia in a large health maintenance organization. Pediatrics. 1999;104(5, pt 2):1198-1203.
26. Escobar GJ, Joffe S, Gardner MN, Armstrong MA, Folck BF, Carpenter DM. Rehospitalization in the first two weeks after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics. 1999;104(1):e2.
27. Escobar GJ, Gonzales VM, Armstrong MA, Folck BF, Xiong B, Newman TB. Rehospitalization for neonatal dehydration: a nested case-control study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:155-161.
28. Arellano MG, Petersen GR, Petitti DB, Smith RE. The California Automated Mortality Linkage System (CAMLIS). Am J Public Health. 1984;74(12):1324-1330.
29. Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Rosati RA. Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction. Stat Med. 1984;3(2):143-152.
30. Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE, Draper EA. Variations in mortality and length of stay in intensive care units. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(10):753-761.
31. Fine MJ, Singer DE, Hanusa BH, Lave JR, Kapoor WN. Validation of a pneumonia prognostic index using the MedisGroups Comparative Hospital Database. Am J Med. 1993;94(2):153-159.
32. Hasley PB, Albaum MN, Li YH, et al. Do pulmonary radiographic findings at presentation predict mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia? Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(19):2206-2212.
33. Fine MJ, Hough LJ, Medsger AR, et al. The hospital admission decision for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(1):36-44.
34. Fine MJ, Medsger AR, Stone RA, et al. The hospital discharge decision for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(1):47-56.
35. Halm EA, Fine MJ, Kapoor WN, Singer DE, Marrie TJ, Siu AL. Instability on hospital discharge and the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(11):1278-1284.
36. Metlay JP, Fine MJ. Testing strategies in the initial management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(2):109-118.
37. Atlas SJ, Benzer TI, Borowsky LH, et al. Safely increasing the proportion of patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated as outpatients: an interventional trial. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(12):1350-1356.
38. Ewig S, Ruiz M, Mensa J, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: assessment of severity criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(4):1102-1108.
39. Halm EA, Fine MJ, Marrie TJ, et al. Time to clinical stability in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: implications for practice guidelines. JAMA. 1998;279(18):1452-1457
40. Marrie TJ, Lau CY, Wheeler SL, Wong CJ, Vandervoort MK, Feagan BG; CAPITAL Study Investigators. A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin. JAMA. 2000;283(6):749-755.
41. Theerthakarai R, El-Halees W, Ismail M, Solis RA, Khan MA. Nonvalue of the initial microbiological studies in the management of nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2001;119(1):181-184.
42. Waterer GW, Wunderink RG. The influence of the severity of community-acquired pneumonia on the usefulness of blood cultures. Respir Med. 2001;95(1):78-82.
43. Flanders WD, Tucker G, Krishnadasan A, Martin D, Honig E, McClellan WM. Validation of the Pneumonia Severity Index: importance of study-specific recalibration. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14(6):333-340.
44. Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58(5):377-382.
45. Aujesky D, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med. 2005;118(4):384-392.
46. Angus DC, Marrie TJ, Obrosky DS, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: use of intensive care services and evaluation of American and British Thoracic Society Diagnostic criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(5):717-723.
47. Dimick JB, Welch HG, Birkmeyer JD. Surgical mortality as an indicator of hospital quality: the problem with small sample size. JAMA. 2004;292(7):847-851.
48. Hofer TP, Hayward RA. Identifying poor-quality hospitals: can hospital mortality rates detect quality problems for medical diagnoses? Med Care. 1996;34(8):737-753.
49. Marrie TJ, Huang JQ. Low-risk patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med. 2005;118(12):1357-1363.
50. Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Trudeau ME, et al. Multivariate matching and bias reduction in the surgical outcomes study. Med Care. 2001;39(10):1048-1064.