Self-control, social factors, and delinquency: A test of the general theory of crime among adolescents in Hong Kong

Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 412-430

  Cheung, Nicole W T ^a   Cheung, Yuet W ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Chinese adolescents; Delinquency; Differential association; Labeling; Self control; Social bonding; Strain

Indexed keywords

EID: 40449133881     PISSN: 00472891     EISSN: 15736601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-007-9218-y     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47-87.
2. Agnew, R. (2001). Building on the foundation of general strain theory: Specifying the types of strain mostly likely to lead to crime and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 319-361.
3. Arneklev, B. J., Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., & Bursik, R. J. Jr. (1993). Low self-control and imprudent behavior. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9, 225-247.
4. Baron, S. W. (2003). Self-control, social consequences, and criminal behavior: Street youth and the general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 403-425.
5. Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in sociology of deviance. New York: Free Press.
6. Benson, M. L., & Moore, E. (1992). Are white-collar and common offenders the same? Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 251-272.
7. Blackwell, B. S., & Piquero, A. R. (2005). On the relationships between gender, power control, self-control, and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 1-17.
8. Bollen, K. A., & Ting, K. F. (2000). A tetrad test of causal indicators. Psychological Methods, 5, 3-22.
9. Brownfield, D., & Sorenson, A. M. (1993). Self-control and juvenile delinquency: Theoretical issues and an empirical assessment of selected elements of a general theory of crime. Deviant Behavior, 14, 243-264.
10. Burton, V. S. Jr., Cullen, F. T., Evans, T. D., Alarid, L. F., & Dunaway, R. G. (1998). Gender, self-control, and crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, 123-147.
11. Caspi, A., Mottiff, T. E., Silva, P., Stouhamer-Loeber, M., Krueger, R. F., & Schmutte, P. S. (1994). Are some people crime prone? Replications of the personality-crime relationship across countries, genders, races, and methods. Criminology, 32, 163-195.
12. Chan, H. M., & Lee, R. P. L. (1995). Hong Kong families: At the crossroads of modernism and traditionalism. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26, 83-99.
13. Cheung, N. W. T., & Cheung, Y. W. (2006). Is Hong Kong experiencing normalization of adolescent drug use? Some reflections on the normalization thesis. Substance Use & Misuse, 41, 1967-1990.
14. Cheung, Y. W. (1997). Family, school, peer, and media predictors of adolescent deviant behavior in Hong Kong. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 569-596.
15. Cloward, R. A., & Ohlin, L. E. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity. New York: Free Press.
16. Cochran, J. K., Wood, P. B., & Arneklev, B. J. (1994). Is the religiosity-delinquency relationship spurious? A test of arousal and social control theories. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31, 92-123.
17. Evans, T. D., Cullen, F., Burton, V., Dunaway, R. G., & Benson, M. (1997). The social consequences of self-control: Testing the general theory of crime. Criminology, 35, 475-504.
18. Gibbs, J. J., & Giever, D. (1995). Self-control and its manifestations among university students: An empirical test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory. Justice Quarterly, 12, 231-255.
19. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. California: Stanford University Press.
20. Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., Bursik, R. J. Jr., & Arneklev, B. J. (1993). Testing the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 5-29.
21. Hagan, J., & McCarthy, B. (1997). Mean streets: Youth crime and homelessness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22. Hay, C. (2001). Parenting, self-control, and delinquency: A test of self-control theory. Criminology, 39, 707-736.
23. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
24. Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M. R. (1995). Control theory and the life-course perspective. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 4, 131-142.
25. Hoffmann, J. P. (2006). Extracurricular activities, athletic participation, and adolescent alcohol use: Gender-differentiated and school-contextualized effects. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47, 275-290.
26. Hoffmann, J. P., & Cerbone, F. G. (1999). Stressful life events and delinquency escalation in early adolescence. Criminology, 37, 343-374.
27. Hoffmann, J. P., & Xu, J. (2002). School activities, community services, and delinquency. Crime & Delinquency, 48, 568-591.
28. Hwang, S., & Akers, R. L. (2003). Substance use and Korean adolescents: A cross-cultural test of social learning, social bonding, and self-control theories. In R. L. Akers & G. F. Jensen (Eds.), Social learning theory and the explanation of crime (pp. 39-63). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
29. King, A. Y. C. (1985). The individual and group in Confucianism: A relational perspective. In D. J. Munro (Ed.), Individualism and holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist values (pp. 57-70). Ann Arbor: Centre for Chinese Students, University of Michigan.
30. LaGrange, T. C., & Silverman, R. A. (1999). Low self-control and opportunity: Testing the general theory of crime as an explanation for gender differences in delinquency. Criminology, 37, 41-72.
31. Lee, R. P. L. (1992). Formulation of relevant concepts and propositions for sociological research in Chinese society. In C. Nakane & C. Chiao (Eds.), Home bound: Studies in East Asian society (pp. 81-98). Hong Kong: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies.
32. Lemert, E. M. (1951). Social pathology: A systematic approach to the theory of sociopathic behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: McGraw-Hill.
33. Leung, K., & Fan, R. M. T. (1996). Adolescent delinquent behavior in Chinese societies. In S. Lau (Ed.), Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development (pp. 237-264). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
34. Longshore, D., Turner, S., & Stein, J. A. (1996). Self-control in a criminal sample: An examination of construct validity. Criminology, 34, 209-228.
35. Mason, W. A., & Windle, M. (2002). Gender, self-control, and informal social control in adolescence: A test of three models of the continuity of delinquent behavior. Youth and Society, 33, 497-514.
36. Matsueda, R. L. (1992). Reflected appraisals, parental labeling, and delinquency: Specifying a symbolic interactionist theory. American Journal of Sociology, 97, 1577-1611.
37. McKnight, P. E., McKnight, K. M., Sidani, S., & Figueredo, A. J. (2007). Missing data: A gentle introduction. London: The Guilford Press.
38. Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3, 672-682.
39. Nakhaie, M. R., Silverman, R. A., & LaGrange, T. C. (2000). Self-control and social control: An examination of gender, ethnicity, class and delinquency. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 25, 35-59.
40. Nye, F. I. (1958). Family relationships and delinquent behavior. New York: Wiley.
41. Piquero, A. R., MacInosh, F., & Hickman, M. (2000). Does self-control affect survey response? Applying exploratory, confirmatory, and item response theory analysis to Grasmick et al.'s self-control scale. Criminology, 38, 897-929.
42. Polakowski, M. (1994). Linking self- and social control with deviance: Illuminating the structure underlying a general theory of crime and its relation to deviant activity. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, 41-78.
43. Pratt, T. C., & Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38, 931-964.
44. Reckless, W. (1967). The crime problem. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts.
45. Reed, G. E., & Yeager, P. C. (1996). Organizational offending and neoclassical criminology: Challenging the reach of a general theory of crime. Criminology, 34, 357-382.
46. Romero, E., Gomez-Fraguela, A. J., Luengo, M. A., & Sobral, J. (2003). The self-control construct in the general theory of crime: An investigation in terms of personality psychology. Psychology Crime & Law, 9, 61-86.
47. Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
48. Sellers, C. S. (1999). Self-control and intimate violence: An examination of the scope and specification of the general theory of crime. Criminology, 37, 375-404.
49. Song, W. (1995). A preliminary study of the character traits of the Chinese. In W. S. Tseng & D. Y. H. Wu (Eds.), Chinese culture and mental health (pp. 47-55). New York: Academic Press, Inc.
50. Stewart, E. A., Elifson, K. W., & Sterk, C. E. (2004). Integrating the general theory of crime into the explanation of violent victimization among female offenders. Justice Quarterly, 21, 159-181.
51. Sutherland, E. H., & Cressey, D. R. (1978). Criminology (9th ed.). Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
52. Tittle, C. R., & Botchkovar, E. V. (2005). Self-control, criminal motivation and deterrence: An investigation using Russian respondents. Criminology, 43, 307-353.
53. Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2003a). Gender, age, and crime/deviance: A challenge to self-control theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 426-453.
54. Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2003b). Self-control and crime/deviance: Cognitive vs behavioral measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, 333-365.
55. Vazsonyi, A. T., Clifford Wittekind, J. E., Belliston, L. M., & Van Loh, T. D. (2004). Extending the general theory of crime to "The East": Low self-control in Japanese late adolescents. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20, 189-216.
56. Vazsonyi, A. T., Pickering, L. E., Junger, M., & Hessing, D. (2001). An empirical test of a general theory of crime: A four-nation comparative study of self-control and the prediction of deviance. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 91-131.
57. Wang, G. T., Qiao, H., Hong, S., & Zhang, J. (2002). Adolescent social bond, self-control, and deviant behavior in China. International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, 39, 52-68.
58. Winfree, L. T., & Bernat, F. P. (1998). Social learning, self-control, and substance abuse by eighth grade students: A tale of two cities. Journal of Drug Issues, 28, 539-558.
59. Wood, P. B., Pfefferbaum, B., & Arneklev, B. J. (1993). Risk-taking and self-control: Social psychological correlates of delinquency. Journal of Crime and Justice, 16, 111-130.
60. Wright, B. R. E., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1999). Low self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social selection, or both? Criminology, 37, 479-514.
61. Yang, K. S. (1995). Chinese social orientation: An integrative analysis. In T. Y. Lin, W. S. Tseng, & E. K. Yeh (Eds.), Chinese societies and mental health (pp. 19-39). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.