Syndromes of subacute mountain sickness

High Altitude Medicine and Biology

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 156-170

  Anand, Inder S ^a   Wu, Tianyi ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b High Altitude Med Res Institute   (China)

Author keywords

Brisket disease; Heart failure; Hypoxia; Ladakh; Mountain sickness; Pulmonary hypertension; Tibet

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; CORTISONE; GROWTH HORMONE; NORADRENALIN; RENIN; SODIUM ION; WATER;

ADULT; ALTITUDE; ALTITUDE DISEASE; ARTERIOLE; ARTERY INTIMA PROLIFERATION; ARTICLE; BLOOD VOLUME; CATTLE DISEASE; CHINA; CHINESE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART FAILURE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; INDIA; INFANT; LUNG VASOCONSTRICTION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MIGRATION; MYOCARDIAL DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL EDEMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; SODIUM RETENTION; SOLDIER; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TIME; WATER RETENTION;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADULT; ALTITUDE SICKNESS; BOLIVIA; CARDIOMYOPATHIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COLORADO; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY; INFANT; MALE; PERU; PREVALENCE; SYNDROME; TIBET; WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE;

EID: 4043172854     PISSN: 15270297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/1527029041352135     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Anand I.S. (1994). Hypoxia and the pulmonary circulation. Thorax 49(Suppl):S19-24.
2. Anand I.S., and Chandrashekhar Y. (1992). Subacute mountain sickness syndromes: Role of pulmonary hypertension. In: Hypoxia and Mountain Medicine. J.R. Sutton, G. Coates, and C.S. Houston, eds. Pergamon Press, Oxford: pp. 241-251.
3. Anand I.S., Chandrashekhar Y., Rao S.K., Malhotra R.M., Ferrari R., Chandana J., Ramesh B., Shetty K.J., and Boparai M.S. (1993). Body fluid compartments, renal blood flow, and hormones at 6,000 m in normal subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:1234-1239.
4. Anand I.S., Ferrari R., Kalra G.S., Wahi P.L., Poole-Wilson P.A., and Harris P.C. (1989). Edema of cardiac origin. Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamic indexes, and plasma hormones in untreated congestive cardiac failure. Circulation 80: 299-305.
5. Anand I.S., Harris E., Ferrari R., Pearce P., and Harris P. (1986). Pulmonary hemodynamics of the yak, cattle, and cross breeds at high altitude. Thorax 41:696-700.
6. Anand I., Heath D., Williams D., Deen M., Ferrari R., Bergel D., and Harris P. (1988). The pulmonary circulation of some domestic animals at high altitude. Int. J. Biometeorol. 32:56-64.
7. Anand I.S., Malhotra R.M., Chandrashekhar Y., Bali H.K., Chauhan S.S., Jindal S.K., Bhandari R.K., and Wahi P.L. (1990). Adult subacute mountain sickness - a syndrome of congestive heart failure in man at very high altitude. Lancet 335:561-565.
8. Aparicio Otero O., Romero Gutierrez F., Harris P. and Anand I. (1991). Echocardiography shows persistent thickness of the wall of the right ventricle in infants at high altitude. Cardioscience 2:63-69.
9. Arias-Stella J., and Saldana M. (1963). The terminal portion of the pulmonary arterial tree in people native to high altitudes. Circulation 28:915-925.
10. Barer G.R., Bee D., and Wach R.A. (1983). Contribution of polycythaemia to pulmonary hypertension in simulated high altitude in rats. J. Physiol. 336:27-38.
11. Canepa A., Chavez R., Hurtado A., Rotta A., and Velasquez T. (1956). Pulmonary circulation at sea level and at high altitudes. J. Appl. Physiol. 9:328-336.
12. Dickinson J., Heath D., Gosney J., and Williams D. (1983). Altitude-related deaths in seven trekkers in the Himalayas. Thorax 38:646-656.
13. Fried R., and Reid L.M. (1984). Early recovery from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: A structural and functional study. J. Appl. Physiol. 57:1247-1253.
14. Gosney J., Heath D., Smith P., Harris P. and Yacoub M. (1989). Pulmonary endocrine cells in pulmonary arterial disease. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 113:337-341.
15. Groves B.M., Droma T., Sutton J.R., McCullough R.G., McCullough R.E., Zhuang J., Rapmund G., Sun S., Janes C., and Moore L.G. (1993). Minimal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in normal Tibetans at 3,658 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:312-318.
16. Groves B.M., Reeves J.T., Sutton J.R., Wagner P.D., Cymerman A., Malconian M.K., Rock P.B., Young P.M., and Houston C.S. (1987). Operation Everest II: Elevated high-altitude pulmonary resistance unresponsive to oxygen. J. Appl. Physiol. 63:521-530.
17. Gupta M.L., Rao K.S., Anand I.S., Banerjee A.K., and Boparai M.S. (1992). Lack of smooth muscle in the small pulmonary arteries of the native Ladakhi. Is the himalayan highlander adapted? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145:1201-1204.
18. Hackett P., and Rennie D. (1977). Acute mountain sickness. Lancet 1:491-492.
19. Harris P., Heath D., Smith P., Williams D.R., Ramirez A., Kruger H. and Jones D.M. (1982). Pulmonary circulation of the llama at high and low altitudes. Thorax 37:38-45.
20. Hartley L.H., Alexander J.K., Modelski M., and Grover R.F. (1967). Subnormal cardiac output at rest and during exercise in residents at 3,100 m altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 23:839-848.
21. Heath D., Harris P., Sui G.J., Liu Y.H., Gosney J., Harris E., and Anand I.S. (1989). Pulmonary blood vessels and endocrine cells in subacute infantile mountain sickness. Respir. Med. 83:77-81.
22. Heath D., Smith P., Williams D., Harris P., Arias-Stella J., and Kruger H. (1974). The heart and pulmonary vasculature of the llama (Lama glama). Thorax 29:463-471.
23. Hecht H.H., Kuida H., Lange R.L., Horne J.L., and Brown A.M. (1962). Brisket disease. III. Clinical features and hemodynamic observations in altitude-dependent right heart failure of cattle. Am. J. Med. 32:171-183.
24. Herget J., Suggett A.J., Leach E., and Barer G.R. (1978). Resolution of pulmonary hypertension and other features induced by chronic hypoxia in rats during complete and intermittent normoxia. Thorax 33:468-473.
25. Houston C.S., and Dickinson J. (1975). Cerebral form of high-altitude illness. Lancet 2:758-761.
26. Hultgren H.N., Grover R.F., and Hartley L.H. (1971). Abnormal circulatory responses to high altitude in subjects with a previous history of high-altitude pulmonary edema. Circulation 44:759-770.
27. Hurtado G.L., and Calderon R.G. (1965). Hypoxia de altura en la insuficiencia cardiaca del lactante. Belet. Soc. Boliv. Pediatr. IX:11-23.
28. Jiang MX (1977). High altitude heart disease. J. Tibetan Med. 2:160-168.
29. Li J.B., T.Y., W. and H.G., J. (1966). A pathologic observation of infantile altitude illness. Chin. J. Pathol. 10:98-99.
30. Lin C.P., and Wu T.Y. (1974). Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi [clinical analysis of 286 cases of pediatric high altitude heart diseases]. 6:353-356.
31. Lockhart A., and Saiag B. (1981). Altitude and the human pulmonary circulation. Clin. Sci. (London) 60:599-605.
32. Matsuzawa Y., Fujimoto K., Kobayashi T., Namushi N.R., Harada K., Kohno H., Fukushima M., and Kusama S. (1989). Blunted hypoxic ventilatory drive in subjects susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema. J. Appl. Physiol. 66:1152-1157.
33. Menon N.D. (1965). High-altitude pulmonary edema: A clinical study. N. Engl. J. Med. 273:66-73.
34. Meyrick B., and Reid L. (1979). Hypoxia and incorporation of 3h-thymidine by cells of the rat pulmonary arteries and alveolar wall. Am. J. Pathol. 96:51-70.
35. Milledge J.S., Bryson E.I., Catley D.M., Hesp R., Luff N., Minty B.D., Older M.W., Payne N.N., Ward M.P., and Withey W.R. (1982). Sodium balance, fluid homeostasis and the renin-aldosterone system during the prolonged exercise of hill walking. Clin. Sci. (London) 62:595-604.
36. Mo L.F., M.X. J., J.B., L. and H.G., J. (1983). Pediatric high altitude heart disease. High Alt. Med. Biol. 251-259.
37. Monge C.C., Arregui A. and Leon-Velarde F. (1992). Pathophysiology and epidemiology of chronic mountain sickness. Int. J. Sports Med. 13(Suppl 1):S79-81.
38. Monge M.C., and Monge C.C. (1966). High altitude animal physiology. High altitude disease. In: Mechanisms and Management. M.C. Monge and C.C. Monge, eds. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL; p. 70.
39. Niermeyer S., Yang P., Shanmina Drolkar, Zhuang J., and Moore L.G. (1995). Arterial oxygen saturation in Tibetan and Han infants born in Lhasa, Tibet. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1248-1252.
40. Pei S.X., Chen X.J., Si Ren B.Z., Liu Y.H., Cheng X.S., Harris E.M., Anand I.S., and Harris P.C. (1989). Chronic mountain sickness in Tibet. Q. J. Med. 71:555-574.
41. Penaloza D., Gamboa R., Marticorena E., Echevarria M., Dyer J., and Gutierrez E. (1961). The influence of high altitudes on the electrical activity of the heart. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic observations in adolescence and adulthood. Am. Heart J. 61:101-115.
42. Penaloza D., and Sime F. (1971). Chronic cor pulmonale due to loss of altitude acclimatization (chronic mountain sickness). Am. J. Med. 50:728-743.
43. Penaloza D., Sime F., Banchero N., Gamboa A., Cruz J., and Marticorena E. (1963). Pulmonary hypertension in men born and living at high altitudes. Am. J. Cardiol. 11:150-158.
44. Poduval R.G. (2000). Adult subacute mountain sickness - a syndrome at extremes of high altitude. J. Assoc. Physicians India 48:511-513.
45. Pugh L.G. (1962). Physiological and medical aspects of the Himalayan scientific and mountaineering expedition, 1960-61. Br. Med. J. 5305:621-627.
46. Reeves J.T., Groves B.M., Sutton J.R., Wagner P.D., Cymerman A., Malconian M.K., Rock P.B., Young P.M., and Houston C.S. (1987). Operation Everest II: Preservation of cardiac function at extreme altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 63:531-539.
47. Ross J., Jr. (1976). Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: A conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 18:255-264.
48. Sartori C., Allermann Y., Trueb L., Delabays A., Nicod P., and Scherrer U. (1999). Augmented vasoreactivity in adult life associated with perinatal vascular insult. Lancet 353:2205-2207.
49. Sime F., Banchero N., Penaloza D., Gamboa R., Cruz J., and Marticorena E. (1963). Pulmonary hypertension in children born and living at high altitudes. Am. J. Cardiol. 11:143-149.
50. Sime F., Penaloza D., and Ruiz L. (1971). Bradycardia, increased cardiac output, and reversal of pulmonary hypertension in altitude natives living at sea level. Br. Heart. J. 33:647-657.
51. Singh I., Khanna P.K., Lal M., Hoon R.S., and Rao B.D. (1965). High-altitude pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 19:146-150.
52. Stenmark K.R., Fasules J., Hyde D.M., Voelkel N.F., Henson J., Tucker A., Wilson H., and Reeves J.T. (1987). Severe pulmonary hypertension and arterial adventitial changes in newborn calves at 4,300 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 62:821-830.
53. Suarez J., Alexander J.K., and Houston C.S. (1987). Enhanced left ventricular systolic performance at high altitude during Operation Everest II. Am. J. Cardiol. 60:137-142.
54. Sui G.J., Liu Y.H., Cheng X.S., Anand I.S., Harris E., Harris P., and Heath D. (1988). Subacute infantile mountain sickness. J. Pathol. 155:161-170.
55. Sun S.F., Sui G.Z., Liu Y.H., Cheng X.S., Anand I.S., Harris E., Harris P., and Heath D. (1988). The pulmonary circulation of the Tibetan snow pig (marmota himalayan hodgson). J. Zoology. 217:85-91.
56. Tucker C.E., James W.E., Berry M.A., Johnstone C.J., and Grover R.F. (1976). Depressed myocardial function in the goat at high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 41:356-361.
57. Tyson K.R., Sciarrotta N., Fender H.R., and McNeel L.A. (1971). Effect of blood viscosity on pulmonary vascular resistance. J. Pediatr. Surg. 6:559-564.
58. Vogel J.H.K., Weaver W.F., Rose R.L., Blount S.G., and Grover R.F. (1963). Pulmonary hypertension on exertion in normal man living at 10,150 feet (Leadville, Colorado). In: Normal and Abnormal Pulmonary Circulation. R.F. Grover, ed. S. Karger, Basel; p. 269.
59. Weir E.K., Tucker A., Reeves J.T., Will D.H., and Grover R.F. (1974). The genetic factor influencing pulmonary hypertension in cattle at high altitude. Cardiovasc. Res. 8:745-749.
60. West J.B. (1982). Man at extreme altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 52:1393-1399.
61. Will D.H., McMurtry I.F., Reeves J.T., and Grover R.F. (1978). Cold-induced pulmonary hypertension in cattle. J. Appl. Physiol. 45:469-473.
62. Williams E.S., Ward M.P., Milledge J.S., Withey W.R., Older M.W., and Forsling M.L. (1979). Effect of the exercise of seven consecutive days hill-walking on fluid homeostasis. Clin. Sci. (London) 56:305-316.
63. Wu D.C., and Liu Y.R. (1955). Pediatric high altitude heart disease. Chin. J. Pediatr. 6:348-350.
64. Wu T., and Miao C. (2002). High altitude heart disease in children in Tibet. High Alt. Med. Biol. 3:323-325.
65. Wu T.Y., Ge R.L., Die T.F., Ren X.M., Liu H., and Wang X.Z. (1983). An investigation of high altitude heart disease. Natl. Med. J. China 63:90-93.
66. Wu T.Y., and Lin C.P. (1978). High altitude heart disease: An observation in Tibet. Chin. J. Cardiovasc. 6:186-196.
67. Zhou H.S., L.F., M. and D.G., W. (1964). Clinical observations of 238 cases of pediatric high altitude heart disease. Chin. J. Pediatr. 13:364-366.