Predictors and outcome of renal flares after successful cyclophosphamide treatment for diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis

Arthritis and Rheumatism

Volumn 50, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 2559-2568

  Mok, Chi Chiu ^a   Ying, King Yee ^b   Tang, Sydney ^c   Leung, Chung Ying ^c   Lee, Ka Wing ^d   Ng, Woon Leung ^c   Wong, Raymond Woon Sing ^e   Lau, Chak Sing ^e  

^a TUEN MUN HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^b PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^c UNITED CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^d PAMELA YOUDE NETHERSOLE EASTERN HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^e QUEEN MARY HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CREATININE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; PREDNISONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DIFFUSE PROLIFERATIVE LUPUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY FLARE; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RELAPSE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SURVIVAL RATE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; AZATHIOPRINE; BIOPSY; COMPLEMENT C3; CREATININE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; FEMALE; HUMANS; KIDNEY; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; LUPUS NEPHRITIS; MALE; PREDNISONE; RECURRENCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 4043168554     PISSN: 00043591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/art.20364     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Mok CC, Wong RW, Lau CS. Lupus nephritis in southern Chinese patients: clinicopathological findings and long term outcome. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:315-23.
2. Appel GB, Valeri A. The course and treatment of lupus nephritis. Ann Rev Med 1994;45:525-37.
3. Yang LY, Chen WP, Lin CY. Lupus nephritis in children-a review of 167 patients. Pediatrics 1994;94:335-40.
4. Bakir AA, Levy PS, Dunea G. The prognosis of lupus nephritis in African-Americans: a retrospective analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1994;24:159-71.
5. Austin HA III, Klippel JH, Balow JE, le Riche NG, Steinberg AD, Plotz PH, et al. Therapy of lupus nephritis: controlled trial of prednisone and cytotoxic drugs. New Engl J Med 1986;314:614-9.
6. Steinberg AD, Steinberg SC. Long-term preservation of renal functions in patients with lupus nephritis receiving treatment that includes cyclophosphamide versus those treated with prednisone only. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:945-50.
7. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughn EM, Klippel JH, Steinberg AD, Yarboro CH, et al. Controlled trial of pulse methylprednisolone versus two regimens of pulse CYC in severe lupus nephritis, Lancet 1992;340:741-5.
8. Gourley MF, Austin HA III, Scott D, Yarboro CH, Vaughan EM, Muir J, et al. Methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination, in patients with lupus nephritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:549-57.
9. Illei GG, Austin HA, Crane M, Collins L, Gourley MF, Yarboro CH, et al. Combination therapy with pulse cyclophosphamide plus pulse methylprednisolone improves long-term renal outcome without adding toxicity in patients with lupus nephritis. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:248-57.
10. Grande JP. Mechanisms of progression of renal damage in lupus nephritis: pathogenesis of renal scarring, Lupus 1999;7:604-10.
11. Donadio JV Jr, Holley KE, Ferguson RH, Ilstrup DM. Treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis with prednisone and combined prednisone and cyclophosphamide. N Engl J Med 1978;299:1151-5.
12. Ciruelo E, de la Cruz J, Lopez I, Gomez-Reino JJ. Cumulative rate of relapse of lupus nephritis after successful treatment with cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:2028-34.
13. Moroni G, Quaglini S, Maccario M, Banfi G, Ponticelli C. "Nephritic flares" are predictors of bad long-term renal outcome in lupus nephritis, Kidney Int 1996;50:2047-53.
14. Ioannidis JP, Boki KA, Katsorida ME, Drosos AA, Skopouli FN, Boletis JN, et al. Remission, relapse, and re-remission of proliferative lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide. Kidney Int 2000;57:258-64.
15. Mok CC, Ho CT, Chan KW, Lau CS, Wong RW. Outcome and prognostic indicators of diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis treated with sequential oral cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1003-13.
16. Illei GG, Takada K, Parkin D, Austin HA, Crane M, Yarboro CH, et al. Renal flares are common in patients with severe proliferative lupus nephritis treated with pulse immunosuppressive therapy: long-term followup of a cohort of 145 patients participating in randomized controlled studies. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:995-1002.
17. Mosca M, Bencivelli W, Neri R, Pasquariello A, Batini V, Puccini R, et al. Renal flares in 91 SLE patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2002;61:1502-9.
18. El Hachmi M, Jadoul M, Lefebvre C, Depresseux G, Houssiau FA. Relapses of lupus nephritis: incidence, risk factors, serology and impact on outcome. Lupus 2003;12:692-6.
19. Dooley MA, Hogan S, Jennette C, Falk R, and the Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network. Cyclophosphamide therapy for lupus nephritis: poor renal survival in black Americans. Kidney Int 1997;51:1188-95.
20. Alarcon GS, McGwin G Jr, Bartolucci AA, Roseman J, Lisse J, Fessler BJ, et al, for the LUMINA Study Group. Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. IX. Differences in damage accrual. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2797-806.
21. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271-7.
22. Boumpas DT, Balow JE. Outcome criteria for lupus nephritis trials: a critical overview. Lupus 1998;7:622-9.
23. Austin HA III, Muenz LR, Joyce KM, Antonovych TA, Kullick ME, Klippel JH, et al. Prognostic factors in lupus nephritis: contribution of renal histologic data. Am J Med 1983;75:382-91.
24. Schwartz MM, Lan SP, Bernstein J, Hill GS, Holley KE, Lewis EJ, and the Lupus Nephritis Collaborative Study Group. Role of pathology indices in the management of severe lupus glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 1992;42:743-8.
25. Leaker B, Fairley KF, Dowling J, Kincaid-Smith P. Lupus nephritis: clinical and pathological correlation. Q J Med 1987;62:163-79.
26. Ho A, Barr SG, Magder LS, Petri M. A decrease in complement is associated with increased renal and hematologic activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2350-7.
27. Boletis JN, Ioannidis JP, Boki KA, Moutsopoulos HM. Intravenous immunoglobulin compared with cyclophosphamide for proliferative lupus nephritis. Lancet 1999;354:569-70.
28. Contreras G, Pardo V, Leclercq B, Lenz O, Tozman E, O'Nan P, et al. Sequential therapies for proliferative lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 2004;350:971-80.
29. Alarcon-Segovia D, Tumlin JA, Furie RA, McKay JD, Cardiel MH, Strand V, et al, and the LJP 394 Investigator Consortium. LJP 394 for the prevention of renal flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:442-54.