PCB research results derive from a false belief system: You've come the wrong way, baby!

Psychology in the Schools

Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 715-723

  Cicchetti, Domenic V ^a,b   Kaufman, Alan S ^a   Sparrow, Sara S ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Yale Home Office   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4043159278     PISSN: 00333085     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pits.20001     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Abelson, R.P. (1995). Statistics as principled argument. Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Bayley, N. (1993). Bayley Scales of Infant Development (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
3. Borenstein, M. (1998). The shift from significance testing to effect size estimation. In A.S. Bellak & M. Hersen (Series Eds.) & N. Schooler (Vol. Ed.), Research and methods: Comprehensive clinical psychology (vol. 3, pp. 313-349). New York: Pergamon.
4. Cicchetti, D.V. (1985). A critique of Whitehurst's "Interrater agreement for journal manuscript reviews": De omnibus disputandum est. American Psychologist, 40, 563-568.
5. Cicchetti, D.V., Kaufman, A.S., & Sparrow, S.S. (2004). The relationship between prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral deficits: A critical appraisal. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 589-624.
6. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Cook-Cottone, C. (2004). Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 709-714.
8. Coscia, J.M., Ris, M.D., Succop, P.A., & Dietrich, K.N. (2003). Cognitive development of lead exposed children from ages 6 to 15 years: An application of growth curve analysis. Child Neuropsychology, 9, 10-21.
9. Ernhardt, C.B., Morrow-Tlucak, M.M., Wolf, A.W., Super, D., & Drotar, D. (1989). Low-level lead exposure in the prenatal and early preschool periods: Intelligence prior to school entry. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 11, 161-170.
10. Fein, G.G., Jacobson, J.L., Jacobson, S.W., Schwartz, P.M., & Dowler, J.K. (1984). Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: Effects on birth size and gestational age. Journal of Pediatrics, 105, 315-320.
11. Fleiss, J.L., Levin, B., & Paik, M.C. (2003). Statistical methods for rates and proportions (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley.
12. Hebben, N. (2004). Commentary on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxins, and neuropsychological deficits: Good science is the antidote. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 681-685.
13. Jaccard, J., & Becker, M.A. (1990). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Wadsworth.
14. Jacobson, J.L., Fein, G.G., Jacobson, S.W., Schwartz, P.M., & Dowler, J.K. (1985). Factors and clusters for the Brazelton Scale: An investigation of the dimensions of neonatal behavior. Developmental Psychology, 20, 339-353.
15. Jacobson, J.L., & Jacobson, S.W. (2004). Prospective studies of exposure to an environmental contaminant: The challenge of hypothesis testing in a multivariate correlational context. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 625-637.
16. Kaufman, A.S. (2001). How dangerous are low (not moderate or high) doses of lead for children's intellectual development? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 403-431.
17. Kaufman, A.S., & Kaufman, N.L. (1993). Kaufman Survey of Early Academic and Language Skills (K-SEALS). Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
18. Lonky, E., Reihmen, J., Darvill, T., Mather, J., Sr., & Daly, H. (1996). Neonatal behavioral assessment scale performance in humans influenced by maternal consumption of environmentally contaminated Lake Ontario fish. Journal Great Lakes Research, 22, 198-212.
19. Reynolds, C.R. (1999). The inference of causality between smoking and low birth weight: Good science or good politics. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 1, 55-87.
20. Rice, D.C. (2004). Evidence for neuropsychological effects of PCBs in environmental studies: Getting better all the time. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 693-707.
21. Schantz, S.L., Widholm, J.J., & Rice, D.C. (2003). Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children. Environmental Health Perspectives: Children's Health Review, 111, 357-376.
22. Schell, J.D.J., Budinsky, R.A., & Wernke, M.J. (2001). PCBs and neurodevelopmental effects in Michigan children: An evaluation of exposure and dose characterization. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 33, 300-312.
23. SIGN 50. (2001). A guideline developer's handbook: Methodology checklist 3: Cohort studies. Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.
24. Sparrow, S.S., Balla, D.A., & Cicchetti, D.V. (1984). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: A revision of the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
25. Stewart, P., Reihman, J., Lonky, E., Darvill, T., & Pagano, J. (2004). Prenatal PCB exposure and neurobehavioral development in infants and children: Can the Oswego study inform the current debate? Psychology in the Schools, 41, 639-653.
26. Taylor, G.H., Burant, C.J., Holding, P.A., Klein, N., & Hack, M. (2003). Sources of variability in sequelae of very low birthweight. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 163-178.
27. Weisglas-Kuperus, N., Vreugdenhil, H.J.I., & Mulder, P.G.H. (2004). Reply to Cicchetti, Kaufman, and Sparrow. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 665-668.
28. Winneke, G., Bucholski, A., Heinzow, B., Kraemer, U., Schmidt, E., Walkowiak, J., et al. (1998). Developmental neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Cognitive and psychomotor functions in 7-month old children. Toxicology Letters, 102-103, 423-428.
29. Winneke, G., Walkowiak, J., & Kraemer, U. (2004). Strong opinions are no substitute for balanced arguments: Comments on Cicchetti, Kaufman, and Sparrow's critical appraisal of PCB cohort studies. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 655-663.