Could shelling in the First World War have increased copper concentrations in the soil around Ypres?

European Journal of Soil Science

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 372-379

  Van Meirvenne, M ^a   Meklit, T ^a   Verstraete, S ^a   De Boever, M ^a   Tack, F ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; COPPER; ENRICHMENT; KRIGING; SOIL ANALYSIS; SOIL POLLUTION; TOPSOIL; VARIOGRAM;

BELGIUM; BENELUX; EURASIA; EUROPE; WEST FLANDERS; WESTERN EUROPE; YPRES;

EID: 40349098372     PISSN: 13510754     EISSN: 13652389     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.01014.x     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Bausinger, T. Preuss, J. 2005. Environmental remnants of the First World War: soil contamination of a burning ground for arsenical ammunition. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 74, 1045 1052.
2. Bausinger, T., Bonnaire, E. Preuss, J. 2007. Exposure assessment of a burning ground for chemical ammunition on the Great War battlefields of Verdun. Science of the Total Environment, 382, 259 271.
3. Boucneau, G., Van Meirvenne, M. Hofman, G. 1998a. Comparing pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density in northern Belgium. Pedologie-Themata, 5, 67 70.
4. Boucneau, G., Van Meirvenne, M., Thas, O. Hofman, G. 1998b. Integrating properties of soil map delineations into ordinary kriging. European Journal of Soil Science, 49, 213 229.
5. Dendooven, D. 2006. De wederopbouw. In : De Laatste Getuige (eds P. Chielens, D. Dendooven H. Decoodt pp. 97 110. Lannoo, Tielt.
6. De Smet, J., Hofman, G., Vanderdeelen, J., Van Meirvenne, M. Baert, L. 1996. Phosphate enrichment in the sandy loam soils of West-Flanders, Belgium. Fertilizer Research, 43, 209 215.
7. Deutsch, C.V. Journel, A.G. 1998. GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York.
8. Goovaerts, P. 1997. Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. Oxford University Press, New York.
9. Karg, F. 2005. Consideration of toxic metabolites from explosives and chemical warfare agents on polluted military and armament sites for heath risk assessments. In : Consoil 2005 Proceedings (eds O. Uhlmann, G. Annokkée F. Arendt pp. 710 720. Forschungszentrum, Karlsruhe (distributed as pdf files on CD).
10. Keegan, J. 2000. The First World War. Vintage, New York.
11. OVAM 1992. Compendium voor Monsterneming en Analyse ter uitvoering van het Afvalstoffendecreet en het bodemsaneringsdecreet. Openbare Afvalstoffenmaatschappij voor het Vlaamse Gewest, Mechelen.
12. Pannatier, Y. 1996. Variowin. Springer-Verlag, New York.
13. Pebesma, E.J. de Kwaadsteniet, J.W. 1997. Mapping groundwater quality in the Netherlands. Journal of Hydrology, 200, 364 386.
14. Pirc, S. Budkovič, T. 1996. Remains of World War I geochemical pollution in the landscape. In : Environmental Xenobiotics (ed. M. Richardson pp. 375 418. Taylor & Francis, London.
15. Prentiss, A.M. 1937. Chemicals in War: A Treatise on Chemical Warfare. McGraw-Hill, New York.
16. Rawlins, B.G., Lark, R.M., Webster, R. O'Donnell, K.E. 2006. The use of soil survey data to determine the magnitude and extent of historic metal deposition related to atmospheric smelter emissions across Humberside, UK. Environmental Pollution, 143, 416 426.
17. Salminen, R., Batista, M.J., Bidovec, M., Demetriades, A., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W et al. 2005. Geochemical Atlas of Europe. Part 1: Background Information, Methodology and Maps. Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo WWW document URL http://www.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas [accessed on 22 June 2007].
18. Souvent, P. Pirc, S. 2001. Pollution caused by metallic fragments introduced into soils because of World War I activities. Environmental Geology, 40, 317 323.
19. Tack, F.M.G., Vanhaesebroeck, T., Verloo, M.G., Van Rompaey, K. Van Ranst, E. 2005. Mercury baseline levels in Flemish soils (Belgium). Environmental Pollution, 134, 173 179.
20. Van Meirvenne, M., Pannier, J., Hofman, G. Louwagie, G. 1996. Regional characterization of the long-term change in soil organic carbon under intensive agriculture. Soil Use and Management, 12, 86 94.
21. Vlaamse Gemeenschap 1996. Besluit van de Vlaamse regering houdende vaststelling van het Vlaams reglement betreffende de bodemsanering. Belgisch Staatsblad of 27.03.1996, Brussels.
22. Webster, R. Oliver, M.A. 2001. Geostatistics for Environmental Scientists. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
23. Xue, H., Nhat, P.H., Gachter, R. Hooda, P.S. 2003. The transport of Cu and Zn from agricultural soils to surface water in a small catchment. Advances in Environmental Research, 8, 69 76.
24. Zhang, C., Jordan, C. Higgins, A. 2007. Using neighbourhood statistics and GIS to quantify and visualize spatial variation in geochemical variables: an example using Ni concentrations in the topsoils of Northern Ireland. Geoderma, 137, 466 476.