Jacobitism in eighteenth-century Ireland: A munster perspective

Eire-Ireland

Volumn 39, Issue 3-4, 2004, Pages

  Dickson, David ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

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EID: 40249097010     PISSN: 00132683     EISSN: 15505162     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/eir.2004.0020     Document Type: Article

References (213)

1. Thomas Cooke, "Memoirs of the Town of Youghal" [c. 1749], 66 (NLI, MS 11,940)
2. Richard Caulfield, ed., The Council Book of the Corporation of Youghal (Guildford, 1878), 430, 445, 474
3. H. Wain, The History of Youghal (Cork, 1965), 65-66
4. Patrick O'Flanagan, "Urban Minorities and Majorities: Catholics and Protestants in Munster towns c. 1659-1850," in W.J. Smyth and Kevin Whelan, eds., Common Ground: Essays on the Historical Geography of Ireland presented to T. Jones Hughes (Cork, 1988), 128-29, 134-35
5. Toby Barnard, "Considering the Inconsiderable: Electors, Patrons, and Irish Elections, 1659-1761," Parliamentary History 19 (2000), 116
6. Bishop George Berkeley [Cloyne] to Isaac Gervais, 24 Nov. 1745
7. On the Cork "True Blues," see F.H. Tuckey, The County and City of Cork Remembrancer: Or Annals (Cork, 1837), 131
8. Christopher Crofts, Cork, to Sir John Perceval, 21 Jan. 1709/10
9. Neal Garnham, The Courts, Crime, and the Criminal Law in Ireland, 1692-1760 (Dublin, 1996), 37, 200
10. [Anthony Edwards], Edwards' Cork Remembrancer (Cork, 1792), 136-37
11. T.C. Croker, Researches in the South of Ireland (London, 1824), 217. Edwards (who misdated the incident) states that three of the mutineers were afterward shot
12. Charles Smith, The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Cork (Dublin, 1750), 2:229
13. William O'Sullivan, The Economic History of Cork from the Earliest Times to the Act of Union (Cork, 1937), 216
14. Séamus Breathnach, "The Buffs and the Blues in Kinsale," Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society 48 (1943), 133-42
15. See Thomas Newenham, A View of the Natural, Political, and Commercial Circumstances of Ireland (London, 1809), appendix, 43
16. S.J. Connolly, Religion, Law, and Power: The Making of Protestant Ireland, 1660-1760 (Oxford, 1992), 249-60
17. Eamonn Ó Ciardha, Ireland and the Jacobite Cause, 1685-1766 (Dublin, 2002), 146-47, 264, 324
18. Vincent Morley, Irish Opinion and the American Revolution, 1760-1783 (Cambridge, 2002), 63
19. Viscount Townshend, Dublin, to [Earl of Weymouth], 16 Oct. 1770 (Calendar of Home Office Papers, 286)
20. Richard Caulfield, The Council Book of the Corporation of Cork (Guildford, 1876), 633
21. P.M. Kerrigan, Castles and Fortifications in Ireland, 1485-1945 (Cork, 1995), 136-37
22. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 146-47, 324
23. Patrick Fagan, ed., Ireland in the Stuart Papers (Dublin, 1995), 1:65n
24. See C.C. Trench, Grace's Card: Irish Catholic Landlords, 1690-1800 (Cork, 1997), 158
25. Richard Hayes, Old Irish Links with France (Dublin, 1937), 31-32
26. G.A. Hayes-McCoy, "Irish Soldiers of the '45," in Etienne Rynne, ed., North Munster Studies: Essays in Commemoration of Monsignor Michael Moloney (Limerick, 1967), 315-16
27. Fagan, Stuart Papers, 1:72
28. Jane Clark, "Lord Burlington Is Here," in Toby Barnard and Jane Clark, eds., Lord Burlington: Architecture, Art, and Life (London, 1995), 278
29. For Richard Cantillon, the other great Paris financier from Southwest Munster, see Anton Murphy, Richard Cantillon: Entrepreneur and Economist (Oxford, 1986), Chaps. 3 and 4
30. Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite Risings in Britain, 1689-1746 (London, 1980), 233
31. P.K. Monod, Jacobitism and the English People, 1688-1788 (Cambridge, 1989), 229, 288
32. Clark, "Lord Burlington," 264, 274, 288
33. Downes Conron, Great Island, to Earl of Egmont, 5 April 1744 (Egmont papers, NLI, Mic. p4679 [Add MS 47,009, 52])
34. Diary of the First Earl of Egmont (Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1879-1923), II, 20 March 1743/4, 7 Apr. 1744
35. Eveline Cruickshanks, Political Untouchables: The Tories and the '45 (London, 1979), 18-20, 55, 59-61, 320-22
36. Daniel Szechi, Jacobitism and Tory Politics, 1710-14 (Edinburgh, 1984), 39-40, 159, 162, 202
37. Romney Sedgwick, ed., History of Parliament: The House of Commons, 1715-1754 (London, 1970), 4:440-43
38. Monod, Jacobitism, 114, 283, 318
39. Clark, "Lord Burlington Is Here," 282
40. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 303-4
41. Coombes, Bishop of Penal Times, 25
42. On Barrymore's role as patron and protector of Catholic gentry, see W.A. Copinger, History of the Copingers or Coppingers (Manchester, 1884), 192-93
43. James O'Donoghue, "Ireland and the Jacobite Threat" (M.A. thesis, University College Cork, 1992), 187
44. Cf. Connolly, Religion, Law, and Power, 234-36
45. Cf. Máirín Nic Eoin, "Secrets and Disguises?" Caitlín Ní Uallacháin and Other Female Personages in Eighteenth-Century Irish Political Poetry," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 11 (1996), 14
46. Richard Purcell, Cork, to Lord Perceval, 16 March 1743/44
47. Cf. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 303
48. Malcomson, Eighteenth-Century Irish Official Papers, 2:226
49. Quoted in Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 92, 100
50. Connolly, Religion, Law, and Power, 252-53
51. Evelyn Bolster, A History of the Diocese of Cork from the Penal Era to the Famine (Cork, 1989), 6-8, 36
52. Patrick Fagan, An Irish Bishop in Penal Times: The Chequered Career of Sylvester Lloyd, OFM, 1680-1747 (Dublin, 1993), Chaps. 4-8
53. J.C. MacErlean, ed., Duanaire Dháibhidh Uí Bhruadair: The Poems of David Ó Bruadair (London, 1917), 3:94-111
54. Brian Ó Cuív, "James Cotter: A Seventeenth-Century Agent of the Crown," Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 5th ser., 89 (1959), 135-39
55. Bolster, Diocese of Cork, 19, 34-35
56. Burke, Irish Priests, 191-92, 371-73
57. Bolster, Diocese of Cork, 22-26, 42-43
58. James Buckley, "The Parish Priests of Counties Cork and Kerry in 1740 [recte 1704]," JCHAS, 2nd ser., 6 (1900), 55-60
59. On the caustic reaction to the parish priest of Killaloe, Co. Clare, who did take the oath, see Ignatius Murphy, The Diocese of Killaloe in the Eighteenth Century (Dublin, 1991), 32-33
60. Hugh Fenning, O.P., "Some Broadsides, Chiefly from Cork, 1709-1821," Collectanea Hibernica 38 (1996), 119-20
61. Burke, Irish Priests, 377-78
62. Patrick Fagan, Divided Loyalties: The Question of the Oath for Irish Catholics in the Eighteenth Century (Dublin, 1995), 36-37, 42-43
63. Fagan, Divided Loyalties, 44-46
64. Burke, Irish Priests, 369, 374-77
65. Rev. P MacSwiney, "The Defeat of the Church in Penal Kinsale," in JCHAS 46 (1941), 105-9
66. Bolster, Diocese of Cork, 36-37
67. Buckley, "Parish Priests of Cork and Kerry," 55-60
68. T.J. Walsh, The Irish Continental College Movement: The Colleges at Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Lille (Dublin, 1973), 105-7, 122-24, 129-39
69. Bolster, Diocese of Cork from Penal Era, 39-40
70. Patrick Conlan, Franciscan Ireland (Dublin, 1988), 105-46
71. Perceval, London, to Berkeley Taylor, 5 Dec. 1723 (Egmont papers, NLI, Mic. p4676 [MS 46,988, 84])
72. Fenning, Irish Dominican Province, 139, 196
73. For Kinsale, see Breathnach, "Buffs and Blues," 133-42
74. For Macroom, see Smith, Cork, 1:160
75. D.J. O'Donoghue, Droichead na Banndan: A History of Bandon (Cork, 1970), 68-69
76. Patrick O'Flanagan, Bandon [Irish Historic Towns Atlas, fascicle 3] (Dublin, 1988), 11
77. Brady, Catholics and Catholicism, 65-66
78. Rev. Michael Manning, "Dr Nicholas Madgett's Constitutio Ecclesiastica," Kerry Historical and Archaeological Society Journal 9 (1976), 80
79. Fenning, Irish Dominican Province, 188-89
80. Murphy, Diocese of Kilhloe, 81-83
81. Manning, "Madgett's Constitutio Ecclesiastica," 82
82. Fagan, Stuart Papers, 2:63, 88
83. Brian Ó Cuív, "Irish Language and Literature, 1691-1845," in T.W. Moody and W.E. Vaughan, eds., A New History of Ireland, IV: Eighteenth-Century Ireland, 1691-1800 (Oxford, 1986), 378
84. See A.M. Brady and Brian Cleeve, eds., A Biographical Dictionary of Irish Writers (Gigginstown, 1985)
85. Ó Ciardha, "A Voice from the Jacobite Underground: Liam Inglis (1709-78)," in Gerard Moran, ed., Radical Irish Priests, 1660-1970 (Dublin, 1996), 16-38. Domhnall Ó Colmáin (fl. 1690), the tutor for Sir James Cotter, was a prose writer in Irish
86. F.M. Jones, "The Congregation of Propaganda and the Publication of Dr. O'Brien's Irish Dictionary, 1768," Irish Ecclesiastical Review 77 (1952), 29-37
87. Proinsias Mac Cana, Collège des Irlandais, Paris, and Irish Studies (Dublin, 2001), 99-100. O'Brien has been identified as the author of an early and very important critique of Macpherson
88. See Diarmaid Ó Catháin, "An Irish Scholar Abroad: Bishop John O'Brien and the Macpherson Controversy," in O'Flanagan and Buttimer, Cork, 499-533
89. Risteárd Ó Foghludha, "Some Literary Worthies of Imokilly," JCHAS 50 (1945), 139-41
90. See Breandán Ó Conchúir, Scríobhaithe Chorcaí, 1700-1850 (Cork, 1982), 1-190
91. Breandán Ó Buachalla, "Poets and Politics in Early Modern Ireland," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 7 (1992), 170-74
92. idem, "Irish Jacobitism and Irish Nationalism: The Literary Evidence," in Michael O'Dea and Kevin Whelan, eds., Nations and Nationalisms: France, Britain, Ireland, and the Eighteenth-Century Context (Oxford, 1995), 103-16
93. P.A. Breathnach, "Oral and Written Transmission of Poetry in the Eighteenth Century," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 2 (1987), 57-66
94. Diarmaid Ó Muirithe, " 'Tho' Not in Full Stile Compleat': Jacobite Songs from Gaelic Manuscript Sources," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 6 (1991), 93-104
95. Nic Eoin, "Secrets and Disguises?" 19-20
96. Daniel Corkery, The Hidden Ireland (Dublin, 1925), passim
97. Cullen, Hidden Ireland, 8-18
98. Morley has recently suggested that the social group "which maintained a vigorous oral and manuscript-based literature in Irish" was "a middle stratum of comfortable tenant farmers, craftsmen, schoolteachers, publicans, shopkeepers, and priests," but he has characterized "vernacular song" in Irish "as an uncensored source of information on the outlook of the Catholic masses." See Morley, Irish Opinion, 2:237
99. Pádraig Ua Duinnín, Dánta Shéafraidh Ui Dhonnchaddha an Ghleanna (Dublin, 1902)
100. Ó Conchúir, Scríobhaithe Chorcaí, 212-15
101. Ó Cuív, "James Cotter," 135-39
102. Seán Ó Tuama, Repossessions: Selected Essays on the Irish Literary Heritage (Cork, 1995), 101-4, 111-13
103. Michael Hartnett, O Rathaille (Loughcrew, 1998), 69-72
104. Liam Ó Buachalla, "Notes on the History of Conna and Ballynoe" (unpublished typescript), 21-25
105. Ó Cuív, "Irish Language and Literature," 403
106. Breathnach, "Oral and Written Transmission," 61-63
107. Criostóir O'Flynn, The Maigue Poets: Filí na Máighe (Dublin, 1995), 15-18
108. Ó Donnchadha, "Extracts from an Old Census," JCHAS 51 (1946), 74-77
109. Ó Cuív, "Irish Language and Literature," 404-5
110. Buttimer, "Gaelic Literature and Contemporary Life, 1700-1840," in O'Flanagan and Buttimer, Cork, 620
111. Breandán Ó Buachalla, Aisling Ghéar: Na Stíobhartaigh agus an tAos Linn (Dublin, 1996), 399-401
112. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 261, 274-88
113. Morley, Irish Opinion, 7-9
114. For a more jaundiced view of the French in an Irish-language source, see Buttimer, "Gaelic Literature and Contemporary Life," 596
115. T.J. Dunne, "The Gaelic Response to Conquest and Colonization: The Evidence of the Poetry," Studia Hibernica 20 (1980), 25-30
116. Ó Cuív, "Irish Language and Literature," 402, 405-6
117. Joep Leersen, Mere Irish and Fior-Ghael: Studies in the Idea of Irish Nationality . . . (2nd ed., Cork, 1996), 228-41
118. Breathnach, "Oral and Written Transmission," 59
119. Nic Eoin, "Secrets and Disguises?" 27
120. Ó Tuama, Repossessions, 101-18
121. Breandán Ó Madagáin, "Coibhneas na Filíochta Leis an Gceol, 1700-1900," in Ó Coileáin, Saoi na hÉigse, 93-101
122. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 47-48, 277
123. Public Spirit 2 (Dublin, 1745), 3
124. The correspondent was apparently writing about Munster; the "patron" was a reference to a holy-well pilgrimage. On the decline of harping, "the old heavenly music," in eighteenth-century Kerry, see Alf Mac Lochlainn, "Thomas O'Shea: A Kerry Harper," KHASJ 3 (1970), 81
125. And on the intense popularity of piping, see Breandán Breathnach, "The Pipers of Kerry," Éigse Cheoil Tíre: Irish Folk Music Studies 4 (1982-85), 5-13
126. Cullen, Hidden Ireland, 11, 16
127. idem, "Blackwater Catholics," 560-61
128. Ó Buachalla, "Irish Jacobitism and Irish Nationalism," 108
129. Cf. Nic Eoin, "Secrets and Disguises?" 22, 44-45
130. For hostile references to the Brodricks, Dennys, and Mullinses, see Ó Buachalla, "Irish Jacobitism and Irish Nationalism," 112
131. John K'Eogh, A Vindication of the Antiquities of Ireland . . . (Dublin, 1748), preface, 95-96, 98
132. R.R. Ryan, Biographia Hibernica . . . (London, 1821), 1:228
133. W.M. Brady, Clerical and Parochial Records of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross (Dublin, 1864), 2:59-60
134. N.J.A. Williams, "A Note on John K'Eogh's Herbal," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 2 (1987), 198-202
135. Ó Conchúir, "Cuirteanna Éigse," 62-63
136. T.F. Sherry, "The Present Horrid Conspiracy: Dublin Press Coverage of Two Political Trials in the Early 1720s," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 4 (1989), 151-52
137. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 197-98, 200, 203-4
138. Cf. Hector McDonnell, "Some Documents Relating to the Involvement of the Irish Brigade in the Rebellion of 1745," Ir. Sword 16 (1984), 4
139. Vincent Morley, "Aodh Buí Mac Cruitin: File Gaeilge in Arm na Fraince," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 8 (1993), 38-44
140. William Taylor, Burton, to Sir John Perceval, 27 Nov. 1713
141. Viscount Perceval, Charlton, to Berkeley Taylor, 2 June 1722
142. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 251-52, 254
143. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 195, 253
144. A.J. Fetherstonhaugh, "The True Story of the Two Chiefs of Dunboy," JRSAI 5th ser., 4 (1894), 41-42
145. L.M. Cullen, "Catholics under the Penal Laws," Eighteenth-Century Ireland I (1986), 28-29
146. Fetherstonhaugh, "Two Chiefs," 41-42
147. Josias Bateman, A True and Just Relation of Josias Bateman's Concern under the R[igh]t Hon[orable] Richard, Earl of Burlington, Ever since the Year 1713 (n.p., n.d. [c. 1734]), 35
148. O'Donoghue, "Jacobite Threat," 151-52
149. Connolly, Religion, Law, and Power, 223, 238
150. T.J. Walsh, Nano Nagle and the Presentation Sisters (Dublin, 1959), 28-31
151. Murphy, Diocese of Killaloe, 63-64
152. Croker, Researches in South of Ireland, 176-79
153. Alan Brodrick, Dublin, to Thomas Brodrick, 20 Feb. 1713/14 (Midleton papers, SHC, MS 1248/3/164-65)
154. O'Donoghue, "Jacobite threat," 151-52
155. Ó Ciardha, Ireland and Jacobite Cause, 204. Individual Cork merchants suspected of being too involved were harried in 1714, in the early 1720s, and around 1740
156. Ó Buachalla, "Cork Jacobite," 475-77, 484-89
157. St. Leger, Doneraile, to Londonderry, 8 April, 27 June 1720
158. Much of the oral tradition focused on Brodrick's supposed enmity toward Cotter, on the contrary opinions of his wife, on his early and sudden death, and on their childlessness. See Ó Buachalla, "Cork Jacobite," 479-81
159. See Power, Tipperary, 228
160. Johnston-Liik, History of Irish Parliament, 3:520
161. Cf. Garnham, Courts, Crime, and Criminal Law, 251, 262-63
162. Patrick McNally, Parties, Patriots, and Undertakers: Parliamentary Politics in Early Hanoverian Ireland (Dublin, 1997), 123
163. J.A. Froude, The English in Ireland (London, 1882), 1:480-82
164. Angry handbills were pasted up near Squibb's uncle's house in the city threatening vengeance for Cotter's death and invoking James III as future enforcer. See Froude, English in Ireland, 1:481n
165. Walsh, Nano Nagle, 28-31
166. Cullen, "Blackwater Catholics," 540
167. Cf. Garnham, Courts, Crime, and Criminal Law, 253n., 263-64
168. For the general argument, see Sir James Caldwell, A Brief Examination of the Question Whether It Is Expedient . . . to Pass an Act to Enable Papists to Take Real Securities for Money Which They May Lend (Dublin, 1764), 13
169. Lunham, "Early Quakers in Cork," 107
170. The county data survive only in the Kinsale corporation papers; details of levies that were exclusively raised on particular baronies are not extant, but these do not appear to have been common. See Edward MacLysaght, "Manuscripts of the Old Corporation of Kinsale," Analecta Hibernica 15 (1943), 185-89
171. Cf. Garnham, Courts, Crime, and Criminal Law, 187-89. The operative clause was 9 Will. III, c. 9
172. Owen-Madden, Revelations of Ireland, 177-78
173. Mark Bence-Jones, Burke's Guide to Country Houses: Ireland (London, 1978), 1:182
174. O'Byrne, Convert Rolls, passim
175. John Creagh, Doneraile (1749)
176. Joseph Barry, Mallow (1763)
177. and John Haly, Cork (1771)
178. Philip Ryan, Ardmore (1761)
179. Laurence Arundell, Cork (1762)
180. and John Power, Tallow (1763)
181. See Byrne, Convert Rolls, 299-300
182. Buttimer, "Gaelic Literature and Contemporary Life," 633
183. Johnston-Liik, History of Irish Parliament, 2:42-45
184. Manning, "Madgett's Constitutio Ecclesiastica," 70, 72, 87
185. Fagan, Irish Bishop in Penal Times, 11-16
186. Arch. Hib. 2 (1913), 131
187. P.J. Corish, The Catholic Community in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Dublin, 1981), 102
188. Cf. M.P. Magray, The Transforming Power of the Nuns: Women, Religion, and Cultural Change in Ireland, 1750-1900 (New York, 1998), 96
189. Cf. Kevin Whelan, The Tree of Liberty: Radicalism, Catholicism, and the Construction of Irish Identity, 1760-1830 (Cork, 1996), 19-21
190. William Pearde, Castlelyons, to Francis Price, 31 Jan. 1743/44, 18 Dec. 1744
191. Art Ó Maolfabhail, Camán: Two Thousand Years of Hurling in Ireland (Dundalk, 1973), 29
192. Ó Buachualla, "Irish Jacobitism in Official Documents," 134
193. Peter Somerville Large, The Irish Country House (London, 1997), 153, 158, 178, 204-5
194. On the Townshends of Castletownshend, see T.A. Lunham, "Bishop Downes' Visitation," JCHAS 14 (1908), 143m
195. On the fostering of hounds, see ["An Old Inhabitant"], "Shawn Ru, the Rapparee: A Tradition of Macroom," JCHAS 11 (1904), 73
196. Cf. Croker, Researches in South of Ireland, 172, 174-75
197. Monod, Jacobitism and English People, 295-301
198. Sean Murphy, "Irish Jacobitism and Freemasonry," Eighteenth-Century Ireland 9 (1994), 79-82
199. Trench, Grace's Card, 152, 170, 175
200. Johnston-Liik, History of Irish Parliament, 5:370-71, 378-79
201. Cullen, "Blackwater Catholics," 559
202. See Hugh Fenning, O.P., "The Catholic Press in Munster in the Eighteenth Century," in Gerard Long, ed., Books beyond the Pale: Aspects of the Provincial Book Trade in Ireland before 1850 (Dublin, 1996), 20, 22
203. On the emergence of the press, see Maire Kennedy, "Eighteenth- Century Newspaper Publishing in Munster and South Leinster." JCHAS 103 (1998), 89-104
204. Fenning, "Catholic Press in Munster," 20-22
205. Swiney had openly identified himself in the imprint. For O'Conor's relations with Cork and specifically with Arthur O'Connor's father, see J.H. Hames, Arthur O'Connor: United Irishman (Cork, 2001), 28-29
206. Thomas Bartlett, "A Whiteboy Document," in Tipperary Historical Journal (1991), 145
207. Dublin Gazette, 15-17 Nov. 1759
208. Caulfield, Cork, 717-18
209. Maureen Wall, "The Catholics of the Towns and the Quarterage Dispute in Eighteenth-Century Ireland," in Gerard O'Brien, ed., Catholic Ireland in the Eighteenth Century: Collected Essays of Maureen Wall (Dublin, 1989), 65-71
210. Trench, Grace's Card, 160, 165
211. Lecky, Ireland, 2:31n
212. Basil O'Connell, "The Nagles of Ballygriffin and Nano Nagle," Irish Genealogist 3 (1957), 67-74
213. Cullen, "Blackwater Catholics," 555-56, 565-75