The effect of positive lens defocus on ocular growth and emmetropization in the tree shrew

Journal of Vision

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  Metlapally, Sangeetha ^a   McBrien, Neville A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Emmetropization; Hyperopia; Myopia; Ocular growth; Optical defocus; Tree shrew; Vitreous chamber depth

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MODEL; EYE; EYE REFRACTION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HYPERMETROPIA; MYOPIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SCANDENTIA; SPECTACLES;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EYE; EYEGLASSES; HYPEROPIA; MYOPIA; REFRACTION, OCULAR; TUPAIA;

EID: 40249084259     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/8.3.1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Cottriall, C. L., & McBrien, N. A. (1996). The M1 muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine reduces myopia and eye enlargement in the tree shrew. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 37, 1368-1379.
2. Glickstein, M., & Millodot, M. (1970). Retinoscopy and eye size. Science, 168, 605-606.
3. Graham, B., & Judge,, S. J. (1999). The effects of spectacle wear in infancy on eye growth and refractive error in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Vision Research, 39, 189-206.
4. Hung, L. F., Crawford, M. L., & Smith, E. L. (1995). Spectacle lenses alter eye growth and the refractive status of young monkeys. Nature Medicine, 1, 761-765.
5. Irving, E. L., Sivak, J. G., & Callender, M. G. (1992). Refractive plasticity of the developing chick eye. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 12, 448-456.
6. Kröger, R. H., & Wagner, H. J. (1996). The eye of the blue acara ( Aequidens pulcher, Cichlidae) grows to compensate for defocus due to chromatic aberration. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 179, 837-842.
7. McBrien, N. A., Gentle, A., & Cottriall, C. (1999). Optical correction of induced axial myopia in the tree shrew: Implications for emmetropization. Optometry and Vision Science, 76, 419-427.
8. McBrien, N. A., Lawlor, P., & Gentle, A. (2000). Scleral remodeling during the development of and recovery from axial myopia in the tree shrew. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 41, 3713-3719.
9. McBrien, N. A., Moghaddam, H. O., & Reeder, A. P. (1993). Atropine reduces experimental myopia and eye enlargement via a nonaccommodative mechanism. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 34, 205-215.
10. McBrien, N. A., & Norton, T. T. (1992). The development of experimental myopia and ocular component dimensions in monocularly lid-sutured tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Vision Research, 32, 843-852.
11. McFadden, S. A., & Wallman, J. (1995). Guinea pig eye growth compensates for spectacle lenses. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 36, 758.
12. Nathan, J., Crewther, S. G., Crewther, D. P., & Kiely, P. M. (1984). Effects of retinal image degradation on ocular growth in cats. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 25, 1300-1306.
13. Nevin, S. T., Schmid, K. L., & Wildsoet, C. F. (1998). Sharp vision: A prerequisite for compensation to myopic defocus in the chick? Current Eye Research, 17, 322-331.
14. Ni, J., & Smith, E. L., III (1989). Effects of chronic optical defocus in the kitten's refractive status. Vision Research, 29, 929-938.
15. Norton, T. T., & Kang, R. N. (1996). Morphology of the tree shrew sclera and choroid during normal development, induced, myopia and recovery. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 37, S324.
16. Norton, T. T., & McBrien, N. A. (1992). Normal development of refractive state and ocular component dimensions in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). Vision Research, 32, 833-842.
17. Raviola, E., & Wiesel, T. N. (1985). An animal model of myopia. New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 1609-1615.
18. Ray, W. A., & O'Day, D. M. (1985). Statistical analysis of multi-eye data in ophthalmic research. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 26, 1186-1188.
19. Schaeffel, F., Glasser, A., & Howland, H. C. (1988). Accommodation, refractive effor and eye growth in chickens. Vision Research, 28, 639-657.
20. Siegwart, J. T., Jr., & Norton, T. T. (1993). Refractive and ocular changes in tree shrews raised with plus or minus lenses. Paper presented at the ARVO conference, Florida, USA.
21. Siegwart, J. T., Jr., & Norton, T. T. (1994). Goggles for controlling the visual environment of small animals. Laboratory Animal Science, 44, 292-294.
22. Siegwart, J. T., Norton, T. T., & Robertson, J. D. (2003). Binocular lens treatment in tree shrews. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 44, 1984.
23. Smith, E. L., III (1998). Spectacle lenses and emmetropization: The role of optical defocus in regulating ocular development. Optometry and Vision Science, 75, 388-398.
24. Smith, E. L., III, & Hung, L. F. (1999). The role of optical defocus in regulating refractive development in infant monkeys. Vision Research, 39, 1415-1435.
25. Tigges, M., Iuvone, P. M., Fernandes, A., Sugrue, M. F., Mallorga, P. J., Laties, A. M., et al. (1999). Effects of muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists on postnatal eye growth of rhesus monkeys. Optometry and Vision Science, 76, 397-407.
26. Wallman, J. (1993). Retinal control of eye growth and refraction. In N. N. Osborne & G. J. Chader (Eds.), Progress in retinal research (pp. 133-153). Oxford: Pergammon Press.
27. Wallman, J., & Adams, J. I. (1987). Developmental aspects of experimental myopia in chicks: Susceptibility, recovery and relation to emmetropization. Vision Research, 27, 1139-1163.
28. Wallman, J., Gottlieb, M. D., Rajaram, V., & Fugate-Wentzek, L. A. (1987). Local retinal regions control local eye growth and myopia. Science, 237, 73-77.
29. Wallman, J., Wildsoet, C., Xu, A., Gottlieb, M. D., Nickla, D. L., Marran, L., et al. (1995). Moving the retina: Choroidal modulation of refractive state. Vision Research, 35, 37-50.
30. Wallman, J., & Winawer, J. (2004). Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia. Neuron, 43, 447-468.
31. Wildsoet, C., & Wallman, J. (1995). Choroidal and scleral mechanisms of compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks. Vision Research, 35, 1175-1194.
32. Wildsoet, C. F. (1997). Active emmetropization-evidence for its existence and ramifications for clinical practice. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 17, 279-290.
33. Winawer, J., & Wallman, J. (2002). Temporal constraints on lens compensation in chicks. Vision Research, 42, 2651-2668.
34. Winawer, J., Zhu, X., Choi, J., & Wallman, J. (2005). Ocular compensation for alternating myopic and hyperopic defocus. Vision Research, 45, 1667-1677.
35. Zadnik, K., & Mutti, D. O. (1995). How applicable are animal myopia models to human juvenile onset myopia? Vision Research, 35, 1283-1288.
36. Zhu, X., Park, T. W., Winawer, J., & Wallman, J. (2005). In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 46, 2238-2241.
37. Zhu, X., Winawer, J. A., & Wallman, J. (2003). Potency of myopic defocus in spectacle lens compensation. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 44, 2818-2827.