Combining targeted sampling and fluorometry to identify human fecal contamination in a freshwater creek

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 105-116

  Hartel, Peter G ^a   Rodgers, Karen ^a   Moody, Gwyneth L ^a   Hemmings, Sarah N J ^a   Fisher, Jared A ^a   McDonald, Jennifer L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bacterial source tracking; Escherichia coli; Fluorescent whitening agents; Microbial source tracking; Optical brighteners; Organic matter

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER;

FECAL COLIFORM; FLUORESCENCE; FLUOROMETRY; FRESHWATER; SAMPLING;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST CONTROL; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FECES; FLUOROMETRY; UNITED STATES; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SAMPLING;

ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECES; FLUOROMETRY; FRESH WATER; GEORGIA; HUMANS;

GEORGIA; NORTH AMERICA; POTATO CREEK; UNITED STATES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOS; CANIS FAMILIARIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM;

EID: 40049103456     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2007.004     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Absher, C. 2003 Fecal coliform TMDL implementation: A case study. Stormwater 4(6), 62-76.
2. Byers, H. L., Cabrera, M. L., Matthews, M. K., Franklin, D. H., Andrae, J. G., Radcliffe, D. E., McCann, M. A., Kuykendall, H. A., Hoveland, C. S. & Calvert, V. H. II 2005 Phosphorus, sediment, and Escherichia coli loads in unfenced streams of the Georgia Piedmont, USA. J. Environ. Qual. 34, 2293-2300.
3. Chen, R. F. & Bada, J. L. 1992 The fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in seawater. Mar. Chem. 37, 191-221.
4. Close, M. E., Hodgson, L. R. & Todd, G. 1989 Field evaluation of fluorescent whitening agents and sodium tripolyphosphate as indicators of septic tank contamination in domestic wells. N.Z.J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 23, 565-568.
5. Georgia Department of Natural Resources 2002 Rules and Regulations for Water Quality Control. Environmental Protection Division, Chapter 391-3-6, available at: http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/docs/391/3/6/05.pdf (verified 22 March 2007).
6. Gregory, M. B. & Frick, E. A. 2001 Indicator-bacteria concentrations in streams of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, March 1999-April 2000. In Proceedings of the 2001 Georgia Water Resources Conference, 26-27 Mar 2001 (ed. K. J. Hatcher), Univ. of Georgia, Athens. pp. 510-513.
7. Hagedorn, C., Saluta, M., Hassall, A. & Dickerson, J. 2005 Fluorometric detection of optical brighteners as an indicator of human sources of water pollution: Development as a source tracking methodology. Environ. Detect. News 2, 1-13.
8. Hartel, P. G., Summer, J. D., Hill, J. L., Collins, J. V., Entry, J. A. & Segars, W. I. 2002 Geographic variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from animals in Idaho and Georgia. J. Environ. Qual. 31, 1273-1278.
9. Hartel, P. G., Summer, J. D. & Segars, W. I. 2003 Deer diet affects ribotype diversity of Escherichia coli for bacterial source tracking. Water Res. 37, 3263-3268.
10. Hartel, P. G., Frick, E. A., Funk, A. L., Hill, J. L., Summer, J. D. & Gregory, M. B. 2004 Sharing of ribotype patterns of Escherichia coli isolates during baseflow and stormflow conditions. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5004. 10 p, available at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5004/pdf/SIR_2004-5004.pdf (verified 8 July 2006).
11. Hayashi, Y., Managaki, S. & Takada, H. 2002 Fluorescent whitening agents in Tokyo Bay and adjacent rivers: Their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 3556-3563.
12. Jenkins, M. B., Hartel, P. G., Olexa, T. J. & Stuedemann, J. A. 2003 Putative temporal variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from yearling steers. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 305-309.
13. Kalle, K. 1949 Fluoreszenz und Gelbstoff im Bottnischem and Finnishchen Meerbusen. Deutsehe Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 2, 9-124 (in German).
14. Kaschig, J. 2003 Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in laundry detergents. In: Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Detergents, Damascus, Syria, available at: http://www.cibasc.com/image.asp?id= 9568 (verified 19 May 2006).
15. Kerfoot, W. B. & Skinner, S. M. Jr. 1981 Septic leachate surveys for lakeside sewer need evaluation. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 53, 1717-1725.
16. Kramer, J. B., Canonica, S., Hoigné, J. & Kaschig, J. 1996 Degradation of fluorescent whitening agents in sunlit natural waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 2227-2234.
17. Kuntz, R. L., Hartel, P. G., Godfrey, D. G., McDonald, J. L., Gates, K. W. & Segars, W. I. 2003 Targeted sampling protocol with Enterococcus faecalis for bacterial source tracking. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 2311-2318.
18. Manero, A. & Blanch, A. R. 1999 Identification of Enterococcus spp. with a biochemical key. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 4425-4430.
19. McDonald, J. L, Hartel, P. G., Gentit, L. C., Belcher, C. N., Gates, K. W., Rodgers, K., Fisher, J. A., Smith, K. A. & Payne, K. A. 2006 Identifying sources of fecal contamination inexpensively with targeted sampling and bacterial source tracking. J. Environ. Qual. 35, 889-897.
20. Poiger, T., Field, J. A., Field, T. M., Siegrist, H. & Giger, W. 1998 Behavior of fluorescent whitening agents during sewage treatment. Water Res. 32, 1939-1947.
21. Scott, T. M., Jenkins, T. M., Lukasik, J. & Rose, J. B. 2005 Potential use of a host associated molecular marker in Enterococcus faecium as an index of human fecal pollution. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 283-287.
22. Simpson, J. M., Santo Domingo, J. W. & Reasoner, D. J. 2002 Microbial source tracking: State of the science. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 5279-5288.
23. Smart, P. L., Finlayson, B. L., Rylands, W. D. & Ball, C. M. 1976 The relation of fluorescence to dissolved organic carbon in surface water. Water Res. 10, 805-811. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 1998 20th edn, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC.
24. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 1986 Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria - 1986. USEPA Rep. 440/5-84-002. USEPA, Cincinnati, OH.
25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2002 Implementation Guidance for Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria, available at: www.epa.gov/ost/standards/bacteria/bacteria.pdf (accessed 17 Mar 2003; verified 15 Dec 2005). USEPA, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
26. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2005 Microbial Source Tracking Guide Document. EPA/600-R-05-064. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.
27. Van Donsel, D. J., Geldreich, E. E. & Clarke, N. A. 1967 Seasonal variations in survival of indicator bacteria in soil and their contribution to storm water pollution. Appl. Microbiol. 15, 1362-1370.
28. Wolfe, T. M. 1995 A Comparison of Fecal Coliform Densities and Fluorescent Intensities in Murrells Inlet, a Highly Urbanized Estuary and in North Inlet, a Pristine Forested Estuary. M.S. Thesis. University of South Carolina, Columbia.