Between local and colonial perceptions: The history of slum clearances in lagos (Nigeria), 1924-1960

African and Asian Studies

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 49-76

  Bigon, Liora ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

British regime; Colonial urbanism; Lagos; Nigeria; Slum clearance; Yoruba culture

Indexed keywords

COLONIALISM; NINETEENTH CENTURY; PERCEPTION; SETTLEMENT HISTORY; TWENTIETH CENTURY; URBANIZATION;

AFRICA; LAGOS [NIGERIA]; NIGERIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 40049097936     PISSN: 15692094     EISSN: 15692108     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156921008X273088     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Akinsemoyin, Kunle and Vaughan-Richards, Alan 1976Building Lagos. Lagos: F. & A. Services.
2. Baker, Pauline H. 1974. Urbanization and Political Change: The Politics of Lagos, 1917-1967. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3. Betts, Raymond. 1971. "The Establishment of the Medina in Dakar, Senegal, 1914." Africa. Vol. 41: 143-152.
4. Burton, Richard. 1863. "My Wanderings in West Africa." Eraser's Magazine. February: 1-97.
5. Cherry, Gordon E. 1988. Cities and Plans: The Shaping of Urban Britain in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London: Edward Arnold.
6. Chokor, Boyowa, Anthony. 1993. "External European Influences and Indigenous Social Values in Urban Development and Planning in the Third World: The Case of Ibadan, Nigeria." Planning Perspectives. Vol. 3: 283-306.
7. Colonial Office. 1943. General Aspects of the Housing Problem in the Colonial Empire. London: Colonial Office.
8. Delver, A. 1881. From Dark to Light or Voices from the Slums. London: John Heywood.
9. _. 1885. Below the Surface or Down in Slums. London: John Heywood.
10. Echenberg, Myron. 2002. Black Death, White Medicine: Bubonic Plague and the Politics of Public Health in Colonial Senegal, 1914-1945. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
11. Fieldstad, O. H. (et. al). 2005. "Local Governance, Urban Poverty and Service Delivery in Namibia." CMI. Christopher Michelsen Institute. Vol 12, R: 1-111.
12. Harris, J. 1992. "Political Thought and the Welfare State 1870-1940: An Intellectual Framework for British Social Policy." Past and Present. Vol. 135: 116-141.
13. Hietala, Marjatta. 1983. "The Diffusion of Innovations: Some examples of Finnish Civil Servant's Professional Tours in Europe." The Scandinavian Journal of History. Vol. 8: 23-36.
14. Home, Robert K. 1974. The Influence of Colonial Government upon Urbanisation in Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis: the University of London.
15. _. 1990. "Town Planning and Garden Cities in British Colonial Empire, 1910-1940." Planning Perspectives. Vol. 5: 23-37.
16. Hopkins, F. G. and Butler, H. B. 1910. Proposed Rules with Regard to Building etc., in Lagos. Lagos: Government Printer.
17. _. 1911. Regulations with Regard to Buildings, etc., in Lagos. Lagos: Government Printer.
18. Johnson, Samuel. 1921. The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate. London: Routledge & Sons.
19. King, Anthony D. 1995 [1984]. The Bungalow: The Production of a Global Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
20. Ladd, Brian K. 1986. City Planning and Social Reform in Cologne, Frankfurt and Dusseldorf, 1866-1914. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis: Yale University.
21. Lagos Town Planning Commission. 1946. Report of the Lagos Town Planning Commission, with Recommendations on the Planning and Development of Greater Lagos. Lagos: Government Printer.
22. Leith-Ross, Sylvia. 1983. Stepping Stones: Memories of Colonial Nigeria, 1907-1960. Ed. by Michael Crowder. London: Peter Owen.
23. Low, Robin. 1983. "Trade and Politics Behind the Slave Coast: The Lagoon Traffic and the Rise of Lagos, 1500-1800", Journal of African History, 24: 321-348.
24. Lyons, Maryinez. 1992. The Colonial Disease: Social History of Sleeping Sickness in Northern Zaire, 1900-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Mabogunje, Akin L. 1968. Urbanization in Nigeria. London: University of London Press.
26. Macpherson, Kerrie I. 1987. A Wilderness of Marches: The Origins of Public Health in Shanghai, 1843-1893. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27. Marris, Peter. 1961. Family and Social Change in an African City: A Study of Rehousing in Lagos. London: Roudedge & Kegan Paul.
28. _. 1988. The Dreams of General Jerusalem. London: Bloomsbury.
29. Mayhew, Henry. 1967 [1851]. London Labour and the London Poor, IV vols. London and Edinburgh: Griffin, Bohn and Company.
30. Mayne, Alan. 1993. The Imagined Slum: Newspaper Representations in Three Cities 1870-1914. London: Leicester University Press.
31. Mcilhiney, David B. 1988. A Gentleman in Every Slum: Church of England Missions in East London, 1837-1914. Allison Park: Pickwick.
32. Mocker-Ferryman, A. F. 1900. British West Africa. London: Swan Sonnenschein.
33. Njoh, Ambe J. 1999. Urban Planning Housing and Spatial Structures in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate.
34. Obudho, R. A. and Mhlanga, C. C. 1988. "The Development of Slum and Squatter Settlements as a Manifestation of Rapid Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by R. A. Obudho and C. C Mhlanga. New York: Praeger: 3-30.
35. Olukoju, Ayodeji. 2003. "The Segregation of Europeans and Africans in Colonial Nigeria." In Security Crime and Segregation in West African Cities since the 19th Century, edited by L. Fourchard. Paris: Karthala: 263-286.
36. Partington, Wilfred. 1937. The Identity of Mr. Slum: Charles Dickens and the Blacking Laureate. London: private circulation.
37. Peil, Margaret. 1991. Lagos: The City is the People. London: Belhaven Press.
38. Q.V 1974. "Slums and Slum Clearance." In Encyclopedia of Urban Planning, edited by A. Whittick. New York: McGraw Hill.
39. Rabinow, Paul. 1989. French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment. Cambridge, US: MIT Press.
40. Rakodi, Carole. 1994. "Urban Poverty in Zimbabwe: Post-Independence Efforts, Household Strategies and the Short-Term Impact of Structural Adjustment." Journal of International Development. Vol. 16, no. 5: 655-663.
41. Redwood, Hugh. The 1930s God in the Slums. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
42. Robertson, Edward Stanley. 1884. The State and the Slums. London: Liberty and Property Defence League.
43. Robinson, Roland and Gallagher, John. 1976. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. London: Macmillan.
44. Simon, J. 1935. Anti-Slum Campaign. London: Longmans.
45. Smith, Robert S. (ed.). 2000. Memoirs of Giambattista Scala, Consul of His Italian Majesty in Lagos in Guinea, 1862. Translated by Brenda Packman. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
46. Special Committee Appointed by the National Housing and Town Planning Council. 1929. A Policy for the Slums. London: P. S. King of Son.
47. Stedman-Jones, Gareth. 1971. Outcast London. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
48. Sule, Olu R. 1987. "Ethno-Spatial Dimension of the Abuja Settlement at the New Nigeria Capital City: The Dilemma of Urban Planning Policy." African Urban Quarterly. Vol. 2, no. 2: 87-95.
49. Taffa, N. and Chepngeno, G. 2003. "Determinants of Health Care Seeking for Childhood Illnesses in Nairobi Slums." Tropical Medicine and International Health. Vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 240-245.
50. Townroe, B. S. 1928. The Slum Problem. London: Longmans.
51. Vale, Lawrence. 1992. Architecture, Power and National Identity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
52. Vaughan, Magan. 1991. Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Illness. Cambridge: Polity Press.
53. Vaughan-Richards, Alain. 1993. "Le Nigeria." In Rives Colonials. Edited by J. SOULILLOU. Paris: ORSTOM: 243-288.
54. Wohl, Anthony S. 1977. The Eternal Slum: Housing and Social Policy in Victorian London. London: Edward Arnold.
55. Wren, Christopher. 1952 (1924). Beau Geste. London: John Murray.
56. Yelling, J. A. 1986. Slums and Slum Clearance in Victorian London. London: Allen & Unwin.
57. Zulu, E. M. (et. al.). 2002. "Sexual Risk-Taking in the Slums of Nairobi, Kenya, 1993-98." Population Studies. Vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 311-323.
58. The Lagos Times and Gold Coast Colony Adviser, 26 September 1883.
59. Daily Service, 21 October 1955.
60. Daily Times, 8 October 1955.
61. The West African Pilot, 31 October 1955.
62. CO 583, 158/1, Lagos Drainage Scheme, 1928 (enclosed Report Upon the Main Drainage of the City of Lagos, November 1926).
63. CO 583, 163/9, Lagos Town Planning Ordinance, 1928.
64. CO 583, 183/12, Memorandum on Town Planning and Economy, 1932 (enclosed report of R. B. Walker).
65. CO 323, 1050/5, Inter-Colonial Conference on Yellow Fever, Dakar, April 1928.
66. Com. Col. I, 610, Bush houses, Lagos, erection and maintenance of, 1928-1948, a letter of K. M. Fine, 1948.
67. Com. Col. I, 958, Anti-Plague Campaign Demolition of Premises, 1930-1931; a letter of I. Y. Adagun, 1931.
68. Com. Col. I, 963, Squatters on Crown Land, Lagos, 1930-1932.
69. Com. Col. I, 1343, Lagos Suburban Development, 1928, 1932.
70. Com. Col. I, 1985, Residence of dependants of African domestic servants in European reservations; Ikoyi flats, 1930s-1940s, a letter of A. G. Westcott-Whire, 1931; a letter of Joan M. T. Saint, 1947.
71. Com. Col. I, 3860/ I, Lagos Slum Clearance Scheme: why is slum clearance necessary? Advisory Committee, 1954-1955.
72. CSO 26, LA 0008/S. 1/C. 11, Lagos, Dangerous Buildings, Bye Laws: petition against demolition of 4, Idumagbo Avenue, Lagos, 1956-1957.
73. CSO 26, LA 0008/S. 1/C. 13, Lagos, Dangerous Buildings, Bye Laws: petition by executors of late Mojid Animashawun against demolition, 1957.
74. CSO 26, LA 0008/S. 1/C. 15, Lagos, Dangerous Buildings, Bye Laws: petition by Mr. King against demolition, 1957-1958.
75. CSO 26, LA 0008/S. 1/C. 20, Lagos, Dangerous Buildings, Bye Laws: petition by S. O. Olisa against demolition, 1958.
76. CSO 26, 11136, European reservation, Ikoyi, 1917-1936, a letter of Puisne Judge, Lagos, Nigeria, 1933; a letter of CL. Waide and other 16 signatories, 1936.
77. CSO 26, 13001 vols. I-III, Outbreak of Plague in Lagos, 1924.
78. CSO 26, 13001 vol. VII, Plague in Lagos, Memorandum, March 1926.
79. CSO 26, 15686, Lagos town planning scheme, no. 2, 1926-27; no. 3, 1927-28; no. 4, 1928-29.
80. CSO 26, 15686/1, Lagos town planning scheme, no. 3, 1932 (part of Idumagbo and Idunsagbe districts).
81. CSO 26, 15686/S Lagos town planning scheme, no. 4, 1935; no. 5, 1936.
82. CSO 26, 15686/S 2, Lagos town planning scheme, no. 7, 1937.
83. CSO 26, 15686/S 3, Lagos town planning scheme, no. 6, 1938.