Delay May Reduce Procedural Risk, But at What Price to the Patient?

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 383-391

  Naylor, A R ^a  

^a LEICESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Angioplasty; Carotid; Endarterectomy; Stroke

Indexed keywords

CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; EMERGENCY SURGERY; HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; STROKE; SURGEON; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

CAROTID STENOSIS; ENDARTERECTOMY, CAROTID; HUMANS; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; STROKE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 39749121368     PISSN: 10785884     EISSN: 15322165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.01.002     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. The National Stroke Strategy. www.dh.gov.uk/stroke
2. Chaturvedi S., Feasby T., Holloway R., Benavente O., Cohen S.N., Kote R., et al. Carotid endarterectomy- an evidence based review: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 65 (2005) 794-801
3. Sacco R.L., Adams R., Albers G., Alberts M.J., Benavente O., Furie K., et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the vale of this guideline. Stroke 37 (2006) 577-617
4. Naylor A.R. Time is brain!. The Surgeon 5 (2007) 23-30
5. Scholte op Reimer W.J.M., Dipplel D.W.J., Franke C.L., Oostenbrugge R.J., de Jong G., Hoeks S., Simoons M.L., et al. Quality of hospital and outpatient care after stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Stroke 37 (2006) 1844-1849
6. McCollum P.T., da Silva A., Ridler B.D.M., de Cossart L., and the Audit Committee for the Vascular Surgery Society. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 14 (1997) 386-391
7. Carotid Endarterectomy Audit of Great Britain and Ireland: clinical audit interim progress report. Copies can be obtained by emailing: ceaaudit@rcplondon.ac.uk.
8. Hankey G.J. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis: how should it be managed?. Med J Aust 163 (1995) 197-200
9. Rockman C.B., Maldonado T., Jacobowitz G.R., Cayne N.S., Gagne P.J., and Riles T. Early endarterectomy in symptomatic patients is associated with poorer perioperative outcomes. J Vasc Surg 44 (2006) 480-487
10. Rothwell P.M., Eliasziw M., Gutnikov S.A., Fox A.J., Taylor D.W., Mayberg M.R., et al., for the Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists Collaboration. Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Lancet 361 (2003) 107-116
11. Rothwell P.M., Eliasziw M., Gutnikov S.A., Warlow C.P., Barnett H.J.M., and for the Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists Collaboration. Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet 363 (2004) 915-924
12. Rothwell P.M., Eliasziw M., Gutnikov S.A., Warlow C.P., and Barnett H.J.M. Sex difference in the effect of time from symptoms to surgery on benefit from carotid endarterectomy for transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke. Stroke 35 (2004) 2855-2861
13. Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial Collaborators. The MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST): carotid endarterectomy prevents disabling and fatal carotid territory strokes. Lancet 363 (2004) 1491-1502
14. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 273 (1995) 1421-1428
15. Johnston S.C., Fayad P.B., Gorelick P.B., Hanley D.F., Schwayder P., van Husen D., et al. Prevalence and knowledge of transient ischaemic attack among US adults. Neurology 60 (2003) 1429-1434
16. Wang M.Y., Lavine S.D., Soukasian H., Tabrizi R., Levy M.L., and Giannotta S.L. Treating stroke as a medical emergency: a survey of resident physicians attitudes towards 'brain attack' and carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 48 (2001) 1109-1117
17. Eckstein H.H., Ringleb P., Dorfler A., Klemm K., Muller B.T., Zegelman M., et al. The carotid surgery for ischaemic stroke trial: a prospective observational study on carotid endarterectomy in the early period after ischaemic stroke. J Vasc Surg 36 (2002) 997-1004
18. Welsh S., Mead G., Chant H., Picton A., O'Neill P.A., and McCollum C.N. Early carotid surgery in acute stroke: a multicentre randomised pilot study. Cerebrovasc Dis 18 (2004) 200-205
19. Johnston S.C., Gress D.R., Browner W.S., and Sidney S. Short term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. JAMA 284 (2000) 2901-2906
20. Nguyen-Huynh M.N., Fayad P., Gorelick P.B., and Claiborne-Johnstone S. Knowledge and management of transient ischaemic attacks among US primary care physicians. Neurology 61 (2003) 1455-1456
21. Blaser T., Hofmann K., Buerger T., Effenberger O., Wallesch C.-W., and Goertler M. Risk of stroke, transient ischaemic attack and vessel occlusion before endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic severe carotid stenosis. Stroke 33 (2003) 1057-1062
22. Lovett J.K., Dennis M.S., Sandercock P.A.G., Bamford J., Warlow C.P., and Rothwell P.M. Very early risk of stroke after a first transient ischaemic attack. Stroke 34 (2003) e138-e142
23. Coull A., Lovett J.K., Rothwell P.M., and on behalf of the Oxford Vascular Study. Early risk of stroke after a TIA or minor stroke in a population-based incidence study. BMJ 328 (2004) 326-328
24. Lovett J.K., Coull A.J., and Rothwell P.M. Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischaemic stroke in population based incidence studies. Neurology 62 (2004) 569-573
25. Fairhead J.F., Mehta Z., and Rothwell P.M. Population based study of delays in carotid imaging and surgery and the risk of recurrent stroke. Neurology 65 (2005) 371-375
26. Rothwell P.M., and Warlow C.P. Timing of TIAs preceding stroke: the time window for prevention is very short. Neurology 64 (2005) 817-820
27. Rothwell P.M., Giles M.F., Flossman E., Lovelock C.E., Redgrave J.N., Warlow C.P., et al. A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 366 (2005) 29-36
28. Giles M.F., and Rothwell P.M. The need for emergency treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke. Expert Rev Neurother 5 (2005) 203-210
29. Kastrup A., Ernemann U., Nagele T., and Groschel K. Risk factors for early recurrent cerebral ischaemia before treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke 37 (2006) 3032-3034
30. Rothwell P.M. Transient ischaemic attacks: time to wake up. Heart 93 (2007) 893-894
31. Giles M.F., and Rothwell P.M. Risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 6 (2007) 1063-1072
32. Gladstone D.J., Kapral M.K., Fang J., Laupacis A., and Tu J.V. Management and outcomes of transient ischaemic attack in Ontario. CMAJ 170 (2004) 1099-1103
33. Koton S., and Rothwell P.M. Performance of the ABCD and ABCD2 scores in TIA patients with carotid stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Cerebrovasc Dis 24 (2007) 231-235
34. Rothwell P.M. Prediction and prevention of stroke in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis: the high-risk period and the high-risk patient. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 35 (2008) 255-263
35. Turnbull R.G., Taylor D.C., Hsiang Y.N., Salvian A.J., Nanji S., O'Hanley G., et al. Assessment of patient waiting times for vascular surgery. Can J Surg 43 (2000) 105-111
36. www.signonsandiego.com/news/state/20070712-9999-1n12cardiac.html
37. Bond R., Rerkasem K., and Rothwell P.M. Systematic review of the risks of carotid endarterectomy in relation to the clinical indication for and timing of surgery. Stroke 34 (2003) 2290-2303
38. Ricco J.B., Illuminati G., Bouin-Pineau M.H., Demarque C., Camiade C., Blecha L., et al. Early carotid endarterectomy after a non-disabling stroke: a prospective study. Ann Vasc Surg 14 (2000) 89-94
39. Paty P.S.K., Darling R.C., Feustel P.J., Bernardini G.L., Mehta M., Ozsvath K.J., et al. Early carotid endarterectomy after acute stroke. J Vasc Surg 39 (2004) 148-154
40. Dorigo W., Pulli R., Barbanti E., Azas L., Troisi N., Pratesi G., et al. Carotid endarterectomy in patients with acute neurological symptoms: a case control study. Interact Cardiovasc Thor Surg 6 (2007) 369-373
41. Aleksic M., Rueger M.A., Lehnhardt F.G., Sobesky J., Matoussevitch V., et al. Primary stroke unit treatment followed by vert early carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis after acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 22 (2006) 276-281
42. Karkos C.D., McMahon G., McCarthy M.J., Dennis M.J., Sayers R.D., London N.J.M., et al. Urgent carotid surgery for crescendo transient ischemic attacks. J Vasc Surg 45 (2007) 1148-1154
43. Sbarigia E., Toni D., Speziale F., Acconcia M.C., and Fiorani P. Early carotid endarterectomy after ischaemic stroke: the results of a prospective multicentre Italian Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 32 (2006) 229-235
44. Rantner B., Eckstein H.H., Ringleb P., Woelfle K.D., Bruijnen H., Schmidauer C., et al. American Society of Anesthesiology and Rankin as predictive parameters for the outcome of carotid endarterectomy within 28 days after an ischaemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 15 (2006) 114-120
45. Huber R., Muller B.T., Seitz R.J., Siebler M., Modder U., and Sandmann W. Carotid surgery in acute symptomatic patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 (2003) 60-67
46. Woelfle K.D., Pfadenhauer K., Bruijnen H., Becker T., Engelhardt M., Wachenfeld-Wahl C., et al. Early carotid endarterectomy in patients with a non-disabling ischaemic stroke: esults of a retrospective analysis. Vasa 33 (2004) 30-35
47. Rantner B., Pavelka M., Posch L., Schmidauer C., and Fraedrich G. Carotid endarterectomy after ischaemic stroke: is there a justification for delayed surgery?. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 30 (2005) 36-40
48. De Haan R., Limburg M., Bossuyt P., van der Meulen J., and Aaronson N. The clinical meaning of 'Rankin' handicap grades after stroke. Stroke 26 (1995) 2027-2030