Role and Optimal Dosing of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Heart Failure

Cardiology Clinics

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-14

  Kazi, Dhruv ^a   Deswal, Anita ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ANGIOTENSIN II; BENAZEPRIL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CAPTOPRIL; CILAZAPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; FOSINOPRIL; HYDRALAZINE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; LISINOPRIL; NEUROHORMONE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; QUINAPRIL; RAMIPRIL; TRANDOLAPRIL;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; COUGHING; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG TOLERANCE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENZYME INHIBITION; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEMODYNAMICS; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; KALLIKREIN KININ SYSTEM; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OPTIMAL DRUG DOSE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIDE EFFECT; SURVIVAL; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 39749116807     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2007.12.001     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Schrier R.W., and Abraham W.T. Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. N Engl J Med 341 8 (1999) 577-585
2. Folkow B., Johansson B., and Mellander S. The comparative effects of angiotensin and noradrenaline on consecutive vascular sections. Acta Physiol Scand 53 (1961) 99-104
3. Zimmerman B.G., Sybertz E.J., and Wong P.C. Interaction between sympathetic and renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 2 6 (1984) 581-587
4. Weber K.T. Aldosterone in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 345 23 (2001) 1689-1697
5. Padfield P.L., and Morton J.J. Effects of angiotensin II on arginine-vasopressin in physiological and pathological situations in man. J Endocrinol 74 2 (1977) 251-259
6. Williams B. Angiotensin II and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular remodeling. Am J Cardiol 87 8A (2001) 10C-17C
7. Brown N.J., and Vaughan D.E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Circulation 97 14 (1998) 1411-1420
8. Sadoshima J., and Izumo S. Molecular characterization of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype. Circ Res 73 (1993) 413-423
9. Greenberg B.H. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on remodeling in clinical trials. J Card Fail 8 6 Suppl (2002) S486-S490
10. Gavras I. Bradykinin-mediated effects of ACE inhibition. Kidney Int 42 4 (1992) 1020-1029
11. Stein J.H., Congbalay R.C., Karsh D.L., et al. The effect of bradykinin on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption in the dog: evidence for functional nephron heterogeneity. J Clin Invest 51 7 (1972) 1709-1721
12. Gainer J.V., Morrow J.D., Loveland A., et al. Effect of bradykinin-receptor blockade on the response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. N Engl J Med 339 18 (1998) 1285-1292
13. McDonald K.M., Mock J., d'Aloia A., et al. Bradykinin antagonism inhibits the antigrowth effect of converting enzyme inhibition in the dog myocardium after discrete transmural myocardial necrosis. Circulation 91 7 (1995) 2043-2048
14. Antonaccio M.J. Development and pharmacology of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. J Pharmacol 14 Suppl 3 (1983) 29-45
15. Ader R., Chatterjee K., Ports T., et al. Immediate and sustained hemodynamic and clinical improvement in chronic heart failure by an oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Circulation 61 5 (1980) 931-937
16. DiCarlo L., Chatterjee K., Parmley W.W., et al. Enalapril: a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in chronic heart failure: acute and chronic hemodynamic evaluations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2 5 (1983) 865-871
17. Chatterjee K., Parmley W.W., Cohn J.N., et al. A cooperative multicenter study of captopril in congestive heart failure: hemodynamic effects and long-term response. Am Heart J 110 2 (1985) 439-447
18. Pfeffer J.M., Pfeffer M.A., and Braunwald E. Influence of chronic captopril therapy on the infarcted left ventricle of the rat. Circ Res 57 (1985) 84-95
19. O'Keefe J.H., Wetzel M., Moe R.R., et al. Should an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor be standard therapy for patients with atherosclerotic disease?. J Am Coll Cardiol 37 1 (2001) 1-8
20. Banerjee A., Talreja A., Sonnenblick E.H., et al. Evolving rationale for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in chronic heart failure. Mt Sinai J Med 70 4 (2003) 225-231
21. Garg R., and Yusuf S. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. JAMA 273 (1995) 1450-1456
22. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandanavian Enalapril Survival Study. N Engl J Med 316 (1987) 1429-1435
23. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 325 (1991) 293-302
24. Cohn J.N., Johnson G., Ziesche S., et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 325 (1991) 303-310
25. Narang R., Swedberg K., and Cleland J.G. What is the ideal study design for evaluation of treatment for heart failure? Insights from trials assessing the effect of ACE inhibitors on exercise capacity. Eur Heart J 17 1 (1996) 120-134
26. Cleland J.G., Tendera M., Adamus J., et al. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 27 19 (2006) 2338-2345
27. Wang T.J., Evans J.C., Benjamin E.J., et al. Natural history of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the community. Circulation 108 8 (2003) 977-982
28. Francis G.S., Benedict C., Johnstone D.E., et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 82 5 (1990) 1724-1729
29. Kirlin P.C., Grekin R., Das S., et al. Neurohumoral activation during exercise in congestive heart failure. Am J Med 81 4 (1986) 623-629
30. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 327 10 (1992) 685-691
31. Konstam M.A., Kronenberg M.W., Rousseau M.F., et al. Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dilatation in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction. SOLVD (Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction) Investigators. Circulation 88 5 Pt 1 (1993) 2277-2283
32. Pfeffer M.A., Braunwald E., Moye L.A., et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med 327 10 (1992) 669-677
33. Stadius M.L., Davis K., Maynard C., et al. Risk stratification for 1 year survival based on characteristics identified in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. The Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial. Circulation 74 4 (1986) 703-711
34. White H.D., Norris R.M., Brown M.A., et al. Left ventricular end-systolic volume as the major determinant of survival after recovery from myocardial infarction. Circulation 76 1 (1987) 44-51
35. McKay R.G., Pfeffer M.A., Pasternak R.C., et al. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation 74 4 (1986) 693-702
36. Gaudron P., Eilles C., Ertl G., et al. Early remodelling of the left ventricle in patients with myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 11 Suppl B (1990) 139-146
37. Pfeffer M.A., and Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation 81 4 (1990) 1161-1172
38. Pfeffer M.A., Lamas G.A., Vaughan D.E., et al. Effect of captopril on progressive ventricular dilatation after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 319 (1988) 80-86
39. Sharpe N., Murphy J., Smith H., et al. Treatment of patients with symptomless left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1 8580 (1988) 255-259
40. Kober L., Torp-Pedersen C., Carlsen J.E., et al. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group. N Engl J Med 333 25 (1995) 1670-1676
41. AIRE Study. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 342 (1993) 821-828
42. Flather M.D., Yusuf S., Kober L., et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left- ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Lancet 355 9215 (2000) 1575-1581
43. Torp-Pedersen C., and Kober L. Effect of ACE inhibitor trandolapril on life expectancy of patients with reduced left-ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation. Lancet 354 9172 (1999) 9-12
44. Hall A.S., Murray G.D., and Ball S.G. Follow-up study of patients randomly allocated ramipril or placebo for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: AIRE Extension (AIREX) Study Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy. Lancet 349 9064 (1997) 1493-1497
45. Brilla C.G., Funck R.C., and Rupp H. Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 102 12 (2000) 1388-1393
46. Weber K.T., and Brilla C.G. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium. Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation 83 6 (1991) 1849-1865
47. Angeli F., Verdecchia P., Reboldi G.P., et al. Meta-analysis of effectiveness or lack thereof of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for prevention of heart failure in patients with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 93 2 (2004) 240-243
48. Mills E., Montori V.M., and Thabane L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor meta-analysis provides misleading conclusion. Am J Cardiol 94 1 (2004) 149
49. Yusuf S., Sleight P., Pogue J., et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 342 3 (2000) 145-153
50. Arnold J.M., Yusuf S., Young J., et al. Prevention of heart failure in patients in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study. Circulation 107 9 (2003) 1284-1290
51. Dagenais G.R., Pogue J., Fox K., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: a combined analysis of three trials. Lancet 368 9535 (2006) 581-588
52. Hunt S.A., Abraham W.T., Chin M.H., et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 6 (2005) e1-e82
53. Packer M. Do angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prolong life in patients with heart failure treated in clinical practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 28 (1996) 1323-1327
54. Ljungman S., Kjekshus J., and Swedberg K. Renal function in severe congestive heart failure during treatment with enalapril (the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study [CONSENSUS] Trial). Am J Cardiol 70 4 (1992) 479-487
55. Massie B.M., Kramer B.L., and Topic N. Lack of relationship between the short-term hemodynamic effects of captopril and subsequent clinical responses. Circulation 69 6 (1984) 1135-1141
56. Chen Y.T., Wang Y., Radford M.J., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 141 3 (2001) 410-417
57. Pacher R., Stanek B., Globits S., et al. Effects of two different enalapril dosages on clinical, haemodynamic, and neurohumoral response of patients with severe congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 17 8 (1996) 1223-1232
58. Uretsky B.F., Shaver J.A., Liang C.S., et al. Modulation of hemodynamic effects with a converting enzyme inhibitor: acute hemodynamic dose-response relationship of a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, with observations on long-term clinical, functional, and biochemical responses. Am Heart J 116 2 Pt 1 (1988) 480-488
59. Riegger G.A. Effects of quinapril on exercise tolerance in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. Eur Heart J 12 6 (1991) 705-711
60. Wollert K.C., Studer R., von Bulow B., et al. Survival after myocardial infarction in the rat. Role of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Circulation 90 (1994) 2457-2467
61. Tang W.H., Vagelos R.H., Yee Y.G., et al. Neurohormonal and clinical responses to high- versus low-dose enalapril therapy in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 39 1 (2002) 70-78
62. Clinical outcome with enalapril in symptomatic chronic heart failure; a dose comparison. The NETWORK Investigators. Eur Heart J 19 3 (1998) 481-489
63. Nanas J.N., Alexopoulos G., Anastasiou-Nana M.I., et al. Outcome of patients with congestive heart failure treated with standard versus high doses of enalapril: a multicenter study. High Enalapril Dose Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 7 (2000) 2090-2095
64. Williams S.G., Cooke G.A., Wright D.J., et al. Disparate results of ACE inhibitor dosage on exercise capacity in heart failure: a reappraisal of vasodilator therapy and study design. Int J Cardiol 77 2-3 (2001) 239-245
65. Packer M., Poole-Wilson P.A., Armstrong P.W., et al. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group. Circulation 100 23 (1999) 2312-2318
66. Zannad F., van den Broek S.A., and Bory M. Comparison of treatment with lisinopril versus enalapril for congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 70 10 (1992) 78C-83C
67. Packer M., Medina N., and Yushak M. Relation between serum sodium concentration and the hemodynamic and clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 3 4 (1984) 1035-1043
68. Dries D.L., Exner D.V., Domanski M.J., et al. The prognostic implications of renal insufficiency in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 35 3 (2000) 681-689
69. McAlister F.A., Ezekowitz J., Tonelli M., et al. Renal insufficiency and heart failure: prognostic and therapeutic implications from a prospective cohort study. Circulation 109 8 (2004) 1004-1009
70. Knight E.L., Glynn R.J., McIntyre K.M., et al. Predictors of decreased renal function in patients with heart failure during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy: results from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD). Am Heart J 138 5 Pt 1 (1999) 849-855
71. Kittleson M., Hurwitz S., Shah M.R., et al. Development of circulatory-renal limitations to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors identifies patients with severe heart failure and early mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 41 11 (2003) 2029-2035
72. Materson B.J., Reda D.J., Cushman W.C., et al. Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men. A comparison of six antihypertensive agents with placebo. The Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. N Engl J Med 328 13 (1993) 914-921
73. Vasan R.S., Benjamin E.J., and Levy D. Congestive heart failure with normal left ventricular systolic function. Clinical approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of diastolic heart failure. Arch Intern Med 156 2 (1996) 146-157
74. Carson P., Ziesche S., Johnson G., et al. Racial differences in response to therapy for heart failure: analysis of the vasodilator-heart failure trials. Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial Study Group. J Card Fail 5 3 (1999) 178-187
75. Limacher M.C., Yusuf S., and SOLVD Investigators. Gender differences in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD): a preliminary report. In: Wenger N.K., Sperof L., and Packard B. (Eds). Cardiovascular health and disease and women (1993), Le Jaq Communications, Greenwich (CT) 345-348
76. Shekelle P.G., Rich M.W., Morton S.C., et al. Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 41 9 (2003) 1529-1538
77. Jong P., Yusuf S., Rousseau M.F., et al. Effect of enalapril on 12-year survival and life expectancy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a follow-up study. Lancet 361 9372 (2003) 1843-1848