Factors that influence the intention to pirate software and media

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 78, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 527-545

  Cronan, Timothy Paul ^a,b,c   Al Rafee, Sulaiman ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

^b Decision Sciences Institute

^c ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY   (United States)

^d KUWAIT UNIVERSITY   (Kuwait)

Author keywords

Ethical behavior; Intention toward digital piracy; Moral obligation; Theory of planned behavior

Indexed keywords

EID: 39749107187     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: 15730697     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-007-9366-8     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Ajzen I.: 1985, ‚From Intentions to Behavior: A Theory of Planned Behavior’, in I. J. K. J. B. (eds.), Action-Control: From Cognition to Behavior (Spinger, Heidelberg), pp. 11–39
2. I. Ajzen 1991 The Theory of Planned Behavior Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 1 179 211 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Ajzen I. (1991) The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(1):179–211
3. Ajzen, I.: 2002a, ‚Perceived Behavioral Control, Self Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32 (4), 665–683
4. I. Ajzen 2002b Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and reasoned Action Perspectives Personality and Social Psychology Review 6 2 107 122 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_02 Ajzen I. (2002b) Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and reasoned Action Perspectives. Personality and Social Psychology Review 6(2):107–122
5. I. Ajzen T. Madden 1986 Perceived Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Dimensions, and Perceived Behavioral Control Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22 453 474 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4 Ajzen I., Madden T. (1986) Perceived Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Dimensions, and Perceived Behavioral Control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22:453–474
6. G. Allport 1935 Attitudes C. Murchison Handbook of Social Psychology Clark University Press Worcester MA 798 844 Allport G. (1935) Attitudes. In: Murchison C. (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology. Worcester MA, Clark University Press, pp 798–844
7. R. Anderson D. Johnson 1993 Using the New ACM Code of Ethics in Decision Making Communications of the ACM 36 2 98 107 10.1145/151220.151231 Anderson R., Johnson D., et al. (1993) Using the New ACM Code of Ethics in Decision Making. Communications of the ACM 36(2):98–107
8. R. Bagozzi H. Baumgartner L. Yi 1992 State versus Action Orientation and the Theory of Reasoned Action: An Application to Coupon Usage Journal of Consummer Research 18 4 505 517 10.1086/209277 Bagozzi R., Baumgartner H., et al. (1992) State versus Action Orientation and the Theory of Reasoned Action: An Application to Coupon Usage. Journal of Consummer Research 18(4):505–517
9. R. Bagozzi L. Phillips 1991 Assessing Construct Validity in Organizational Research Administrative Sciences Quarterly 36 421 458 10.2307/2393203 Bagozzi R., Phillips L. (1991) Assessing Construct Validity in Organizational Research. Administrative Sciences Quarterly 36:421–458
10. S. Bamberg I. Ajzen P. Schmidt 2003 Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action Basic and Applied Social Psychology 25 3 175 187 10.1207/S15324834BASP2503_01 Bamberg S., Ajzen I., Schmidt P. (2003) Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 25(3):175–187
11. D. Banerjee T. P. Cronan 1998 Modeling IT Ethics: A Study in Situational Ethics MIS Quarterly 22 1 31 60 10.2307/249677 Banerjee D., Cronan T. P., et al. (1998) Modeling IT Ethics: A Study in Situational Ethics. MIS Quarterly 22(1):31–60
12. L. Beck I. Ajzen 1991 Predicting Dishonest Actions Using the Theory of Planned Behavior Journal of Research in Personality 25 3 285 301 10.1016/0092-6566(91)90021-H Beck L., Ajzen I. (1991) Predicting Dishonest Actions Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Research in Personality 25(3):285–301
13. S. Bhattacharjee R. Gopal 2003 Digital Music and Online Sharing: Software Piracy 2.0 Communication of the ACM 46 7 107 111 10.1145/792704.792707 Bhattacharjee S., Gopal R., et al. (2003) Digital Music and Online Sharing: Software Piracy 2.0? Communication of the ACM 46(7):107–111
14. S. Bhattacharjee R. Gopal 2006 Consumer Search and Retailer Strategies in the Presence of Online Music Sharing Journal of Management Information Systems 23 1 129 141 10.2753/MIS0742-1222230104 Bhattacharjee S., Gopal R., et al. (2006a) Consumer Search and Retailer Strategies in the Presence of Online Music Sharing. Journal of Management Information Systems 23(1):129–141
15. S. Bhattacharjee R. Gopal 2006 What Happened to Payola? An Empirical Analysis Online Music Sharing Decision Support Systems 42 1 104 110 10.1016/j.dss.2004.11.001 Bhattacharjee S., Gopal R., et al. (2006b) What Happened to Payola? An Empirical Analysis Online Music Sharing. Decision Support Systems 42(1):104–110
16. H. Bodur D. Brinberg 2000 Belief, Affect, and Attitude: Alternative Models of the Determinants of Attitude Journal of Consumer Psychology 9 1 17 28 10.1207/s15327663jcp0901_2 Bodur H., Brinberg D., et al. (2000) Belief, Affect, and Attitude: Alternative Models of the Determinants of Attitude. Journal of Consumer Psychology 9(1):17–28
17. S. Bono A. Rubin A. Stubblefield M. Green 2006 Security Through Legality Communications of the ACM 49 6 41 43 10.1145/1132469.1132499 Bono S., Rubin A., Stubblefield A., Green M. (2006) Security Through Legality. Communications of the ACM, 49(6):41–43
18. Bommer, M. and C. Gratto: 1987, `A Behavioral Model of Ethical and Unethical Decision Making', Journal of Business Ethics 6 (4), 265–280
19. M. Chang 1998 Predicting Unethical Behavior: A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior Journal of Business Ethics 17 1825 1834 10.1023/A:1005721401993 Chang M. (1998) Predicting Unethical Behavior: A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics 17:1825–1834
20. R. Chellappa S. Shivendu 2003 Economic Impacts of Variable Technology Standards for Movie Piracy in a Global Context Journal of Management Information Systems 20 2 137 149 Chellappa R., Shivendu S. (2003) Economic Impacts of Variable Technology Standards for Movie Piracy in a Global Context. Journal of Management Information Systems 20(2):137–149
21. H. Cheng R. Sims 1997 To Purchase or to Pirate Software: An Empirical Study Journal of Management Information Systems 4 49 60 Cheng H., Sims R., et al. (1997) To Purchase or to Pirate Software: An Empirical Study. Journal of Management Information Systems 4:49–60
22. M. Conner C. Armitage 1998 Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review and Avenues for Further Research Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28 15 1429 1464 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x Conner M., Armitage C. (1998) Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review and Avenues for Further Research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28(15):1429–1464
23. G. Conti 2006 Hacking and Innovation Communications of the ACM 49 6 33 36 10.1145/1132469.1132497 Conti G. (2006) Hacking and Innovation. Communications of the ACM 49(6):33–36
24. T. P. Cronan D. E. Douglas 2006 Information Technology Ethical Behavior: Toward a Comprehensive Ethical Behavior Model Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 18 1 i xi Cronan T. P., Douglas D. E. (2006) Information Technology Ethical Behavior: Toward a Comprehensive Ethical Behavior Model. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 18(1):i–xi
25. T. P. Cronan C. B. Foltz T. W. Jones 2006 Piracy, Computer Crime, and IS Misuse at the University Communications of the ACM 49 6 85 90 10.1145/1132469.1132472 Cronan T. P., Foltz C. B., Jones T. W. (2006) Piracy, Computer Crime, and IS Misuse at the University. Communications of the ACM 49(6):85–90
26. T. Cross 2006 Academic Freedom and the Hacker Ethic Communications of the ACM 49 6 37 40 10.1145/1132469.1132498 Cross T. (2006) Academic Freedom and the Hacker Ethic. Communications of the ACM 49(6):37–40
27. A. Dubinsky B. Loken 1989 Analyzing Ethical Decision Making in Marketing Journal of Business Research 19 83 107 10.1016/0148-2963(89)90001-5 Dubinsky A., Loken B. (1989) Analyzing Ethical Decision Making in Marketing. Journal of Business Research 19:83–107
28. M. Eining A. Christensen 1991 A Psycho-Social Model of Software Piracy: The Development and Test of a Model R. Dejorie G. Fowler D. Paradice Ethical Issues in Information Systems. Boyd and Fraser Boston, MA Eining M., Christensen A. (1991) A Psycho-Social Model of Software Piracy: The Development and Test of a Model. In: Dejorie R., Fowler G., Paradice D. (eds.) Ethical Issues in Information Systems. Boyd and Fraser Boston, MA
29. Feuilherade, P.: (2004) Online Piracy ‚Devastates’ Music, BBC News. 2004
30. M. Fishbein I. Ajzen 1975 Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research Reading MA Fishbein M., Ajzen I. (1975) Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley
31. B. Flannery D. May 2000 Environmental Ethical Decision Making in the U.S. Metal-Finishing Industry Academy of Management Journal 43 4 642 662 10.2307/1556359 Flannery B., May D. (2000) Environmental Ethical Decision Making in the U.S. Metal-Finishing Industry. Academy of Management Journal 43(4):642–662
32. Gefen, D., D. Straub and M. Boudreau: 2000, ‚Structural Equation Modeling and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice’, Communications of the Association for Information Systems 4(7)
33. R. Glass W. Wood 1996 Situational Determinants of Software Piracy: An Equity Theory Perspective Journal of Business Ethics 15 1189 1198 10.1007/BF00412817 Glass R., Wood W. (1996) Situational Determinants of Software Piracy: An Equity Theory Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics 15:1189–1198
34. R. Gopal L. Sanders 1997 Preventive and Deterrent Controls for Software Piracy Journal of Management Information Systems 4 29 47 Gopal R., Sanders L. (1997) Preventive and Deterrent Controls for Software Piracy. Journal of Management Information Systems (4):29–47
35. M. Hagger N. Chatzisarantis S. Biddle 2002 A Meta-Analytic Review of the Theories of reasoned Action and Planned Behavior in Physical Activity: Predictive Validity and the Contribution of Additional Variables Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 24 3 32 Hagger M., Chatzisarantis N., Biddle S. (2002) A Meta-Analytic Review of the Theories of reasoned Action and Planned Behavior in Physical Activity: Predictive Validity and the Contribution of Additional Variables. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 24:3–32
36. J. F. Hair Jr. R. E. Anderson R. L. Tatham W. C. Black 1998 Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, 5th ed Macmillan New York Hair J.F. Jr., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L., Black W.C. (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, 5th ed. Macmillan, New York, NY
37. S. Hunt S. Vitell 1986 A General Theory of Marketing Ethics Journal of Micromarketing 6 5 16 10.1177/027614678600600103 Hunt S., Vitell S. (1986) A General Theory of Marketing Ethics. Journal of Micromarketing 6:5–16
38. Im, J. and P. Van Epps: 1991, ‚Software Piracy and Software Security in Business Schools: An Ehical Perspective’, The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems (Summer) 15–21
39. D. Khazanchi 1995 Unethical Behavior In Information-Systems-The Gender Factor Journal of Business Ethics 14 9 741 749 10.1007/BF00872327 Khazanchi D. (1995) Unethical Behavior In Information-Systems-The Gender Factor. Journal of Business Ethics 14(9):741–749
40. J. Kreie P. Cronan 1999 Copyright, Piracy, Privacy, and Security Issues: Acceptable or Unacceptable Actions for End Users Journal of End User Computing 11 2 13 21 Kreie J., Cronan P. (1999a) Copyright, Piracy, Privacy, and Security Issues: Acceptable or Unacceptable Actions for End Users? Journal of End User Computing 11(2):13–21
41. J. Kreie P. Cronan 1999 How Men and Women View Ethics Communications of the ACM 41 9 70 76 10.1145/285070.285084 Kreie J., Cronan P. (1999b) How Men and Women View Ethics. Communications of the ACM 41(9):70–76
42. J. Kreie P. Cronan 2000 Making Ethical Decisions Communications of the ACM 43 12 66 72 10.1145/355112.355126 Kreie J., Cronan P. (2000) Making Ethical Decisions. Communications of the ACM 43(12):66–72
43. F. Kuo M. Hsu 2001 Development and Validation of Ethical Computer Self-Efficacy Measure: The Case of Softlifting Journal of Business Ethics 32 299 315 10.1023/A:1010715504824 Kuo F., Hsu M. (2001) Development and Validation of Ethical Computer Self-Efficacy Measure: The Case of Softlifting. Journal of Business Ethics 32:299–315
44. N. Kurland 1995 Ethical Intentions and the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior Journal of Applied Social Psychology 25 4 297 313 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02393.x Kurland N. (1995) Ethical Intentions and the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 25(4):297–313
45. E. Lau 2003 An Empirical Study of Software Piracy Business Ethics 12 3 233 245 10.1111/1467-8608.00323 Lau E. (2003) An Empirical Study of Software Piracy. Business Ethics 12(3):233–245
46. L. Leonard T. P. Cronan 2001 Illegal, Inappropriate, and Unethical Behavior in an Information Technology Contexts: A Study to explain Influence Journal of the Association for Information Systems 1 12 1 31 Leonard L., Cronan T. P. (2001) Illegal, Inappropriate, and Unethical Behavior in an Information Technology Contexts: A Study to explain Influence. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 1(12):1–31
47. Limayem M., Khalifa M., et al.: 1999, ‚Factors Motivating Software Piracy: A Longitudinal Study’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, pp 124–131
48. K. Loch S. Conger 1996 Evaluating Ethical Decision Making and Computer Use Communications of the ACM 39 7 74 83 10.1145/233977.233999 Loch K., Conger S. (1996) Evaluating Ethical Decision Making and Computer Use. Communications of the ACM 39(7):74–83
49. T. Madden P. Ellen 1992 A Comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18 3 9 10.1177/0146167292181001 Madden T., Ellen P., et al. (1992) A Comparison of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (18):3–9
50. J. Nunnaly 1978 Psychometric Theory Mcgraw Hill NY Nunnaly J. (1978) Psychometric Theory. NY, Mcgraw Hill
51. S. O’Leary-Kelly R. Vokura 1998 The Empirical Assessment of Construct Validity Journal of Operations Management 16 387 405 10.1016/S0272-6963(98)00020-5 O’Leary-Kelly S., Vokura R. (1998) The Empirical Assessment of Construct Validity. Journal of Operations Management 16:387–405
52. J. Olson M. Zanna 1993 Attitudes and Attitude Change Annual Review of Psychology 44 117 154 10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.001001 Olson J., Zanna M. (1993) Attitudes and Attitude Change. Annual Review of Psychology 44:117–154
53. A. G. Peace D. F. Galletta J.Y.L. Thong 2003 Software Piracy in the Workplace: A Model and Empirical Test Journal of Management Information Systems 20 1 153 177 Peace A., Galletta D., et al. (2003) Software Piracy in the Workplace: A Model and Empirical Test. Journal of Management Information Systems 20(1):153–177
54. E. Pedhauzr L. Schmelkin 1991 Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach Hillsdale NJ Pedhauzr E., Schmelkin L. (1991) Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Hillsdale, NJ., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
55. Petty, R. and D. Wegener: 1997, `Attitudes and Attitude Change', Annual Review of Psychology 48, 609–647
56. D. Randall A. Gibson 1991 Ethical Decision Making in the Medical Profession: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior Journal of Business Ethics 10 111 122 10.1007/BF00383614 Randall D., Gibson A. (1991) Ethical Decision Making in the Medical Profession: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics 10:111–122
57. M. Reiss K. Mitra 1998 The Effects Of Individual Difference Factors On The Acceptability Of Ethical And Unethical Workplace Behaviors Journal of Business Ethics 17 14 1581 1593 10.1023/A:1005742408725 Reiss M., Mitra K. (1998) The Effects Of Individual Difference Factors On The Acceptability Of Ethical And Unethical Workplace Behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics 17(14):1581–1593
58. Report MPAA, 2003: Thoughts on the Digital Future of Movies, the Threat Of Piracy, the Hope of Redemption. Encino, CA, Motion Picture Association of America
59. J. Rest 1986 Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory Praeger New York Rest J. (1986) Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory. New York, Praeger
60. D. Schwab 1999 Research Methods for Organizational Studies Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers Mahwah, NJ Schwab D. (1999) Research Methods for Organizational Studies. Mahwah, NJ
61. S. Schwartz R. Tessler 1972 A Test of a Model for Reducing Measured Attitude-Behavior Discrepancies Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42 2 225 236 10.1037/h0033365 Schwartz S., Tessler R. (1972) A Test of a Model for Reducing Measured Attitude-Behavior Discrepancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42(2):225–236
62. G. Shepherd D. O’Keefe 1984 Separability of Attitudinal and Normative Influences on Behavioral Intentions in the Fishbein-Ajzen Model The Journal of Social Psychology 122 287 288 10.1080/00224545.1984.9713496 Shepherd G., O’Keefe D. (1984) Separability of Attitudinal and Normative Influences on Behavioral Intentions in the Fishbein-Ajzen Model. The Journal of Social Psychology 122:287–288
63. T.A. Shimp A. Kavas 1984 The Theory of Reasoned Action Applied to Coupon Usage Journal of Consumer Research 11 Dec 795 10.1086/209015 Shimp T.A., Kavas A. (1984) The Theory of Reasoned Action Applied to Coupon Usage. Journal of Consumer Research 11(Dec):795
64. P. Simpson D. Banerjee 1994 Softlifting: A Model of Motivating Factors Journal of Business Ethics 13 431 438 10.1007/BF00881451 Simpson P., Banerjee D., et al. (1994) Softlifting: A Model of Motivating Factors. Journal of Business Ethics 13:431–438
65. R. Sims H. Cheng 1996 Toward a Profile of Student Software Piraters Journal of Business Ethics 15 839 849 10.1007/BF00381852 Sims R., Cheng H., et al. (1996) Toward a Profile of Student Software Piraters. Journal of Business Ethics 15:839–849
66. Solomon, S. and J. O’Brien: 1990, ‚The Effect of Demographic Factors on Attitudes Toward Software Piracy’, The Journal Of Computer Information Systems 30 (3), 45
67. Straub, D. and R. Collins: 1990, ‚Key Information Liability Issues Facing Managers: Software Piracy, Proprietary Databases, and Individual Right to Privacy’, MIS Quarterly (June), 143–156
68. A. Sundararajan 2004 Managing Digital Piracy: Pricing and Protection Information Systems Research 15 3 287 308 10.1287/isre.1040.0030 Sundararajan A. (2004) Managing Digital Piracy: Pricing and Protection. Information Systems Research 15(3):287–308
69. B. Tan 2002 Understanding Consumer Ethical Decision Making with respect to Purchase of Pirated Software The Journal of Consumer Marketing 19 2/3 96 111 10.1108/07363760210420531 Tan B. (2002) Understanding Consumer Ethical Decision Making with respect to Purchase of Pirated Software. The Journal of Consumer Marketing 19(2/3):96–111
70. J. Thong C. Yap 1998 Testing an Ethical Decision-Making Theory: The Case of Softlifting Journal of Management Information Systems 15 1 213 237 Thong J., Yap C. (1998) Testing an Ethical Decision-Making Theory: The Case of Softlifting. Journal of Management Information Systems 15(1):213–237
71. D. Trafimow 1996 The Importance of Attitudes in the Prediction of College Students’ Intention to Drink Journal of Applied Social Psychology 26 24 2167 2188 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01794.x Trafimow D. (1996) The Importance of Attitudes in the Prediction of College Students’ Intention to Drink. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 26(24):2167–2188
72. Triandis, C.: 1980, Values, Attitudes and Interpersonal Behavior. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1979: Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 159–295
73. Vallerand, R. J. and L. G. Pelletier: 1992, `Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of reasoned Action as Applied to Moral Behavior: A Confirmatory Analysis', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (January), 98
74. S. Wagner G. Sanders 2001 Considerations in Ethical Decision-Making and Software Piracy Journal of Business Ethics 29 1/2 161 167 10.1023/A:1006415514200 Wagner S., Sanders G. (2001) Considerations in Ethical Decision-Making and Software Piracy. Journal of Business Ethics 29(1/2):161–167
75. W. Walls P. Harvey 2006 Digital Pirates in Practice: Analysis of Market Transactions in Hong Kong’s Pirate Software Arcades International Journal of Management 23 2 207 215 Walls W., Harvey P. (2006) Digital Pirates in Practice: Analysis of Market Transactions in Hong Kong’s Pirate Software Arcades. International Journal of Management 23(2):207–215
76. K. A. Walstrom B. C. Hardgrave 2001 Forums for Information Systems Scholars:III Information & Management 39 117 124 10.1016/S0378-7206(01)00084-2 Walstrom K. A., Hardgrave B. C. (2001) Forums for Information Systems Scholars: III. Information & Management 39:117–124