Hybrid housing: Improvement and control in late colonial Zanzibar

Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians

Volumn 66, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 476-493

  Harris, Richard ^a   Myers, Garth ^b  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39649112392     PISSN: 00379808     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/jsah.2007.66.4.476     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Janet Abu-Lughod, "Disappearing Dichotomies: First World-Third World; Traditional-Modern, " Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review 3, no.2 (1992), 7-12;
2. Anthony King, "Rethinking Colonialism: An Epilogue, " in Formsof Dominance: On the Architecture and Urbanism of the Colonial Experience, ed.Nezar Alsayyad (Aldershot, 1992), 339-55.
3. Jay D. Edwards, "Architectural Creolisation: The Meaning of Colonial Architecture, " in Architectural Anthropology, ed. Mari-Jose Amerlinck(Westport, Conn., 2001), 86.
4. Nezar Alsayyad, ed. Hybrid Urbanism: On the Identity Discourse and the Built Environment (Westport, Conn., 2001)
5. and Harris, "Development and Hybridity."
6. Amos Rapoport, House Form and Culture (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1969), 2.
7. Riva Berleant-Schiller, "Mahican-Moravian Mission Settlements and Their Built Environments, 1740-1772, " in Amerlinck, Architectural Anthropology, 121-44.
8. Leo Silberman, "The Problem of Housing in Mauritius, "Rhodes-Livingstone Journal 21 (1957), 67.
9. Howard Davis, The Culture of Building (Oxford, 1999).
10. Paul Oliver, "Handed Down Architecture: Tradition and Transmission, " in Dwellings, Settlements and Tradition: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, ed. Jean-Paul Bourdier and Nezar Alsayyad (New York, 1989), 53-75.
11. Robert Home, Of Planting and Planning: The Making of British Colonial Cities (London, 1997).
12. Brenda Yeoh, Contesting Space: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment in Colonial Singapore (Oxford, 1996).
13. Chapurukha Kusimba, The Rise and Fall of Swahili States (Walnut Creek, Ca., 1999);
14. and Michael Pearson, Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era (Baltimore, 1998).
15. Abdul Sheriff, "An Outline History of Zanzibar Stone Town, " in The History and Conservation of Zanzibar Stone Town, ed. Abdul Sheriff (London, 1995), 5.
16. Abdul Sheriff, "Introduction, " in The History and Conservationof Zanzibar Stone Town.
17. Abdul Sheriff, Slaves, Spices and Ivory in Zanzibar: Integration of an East African Commercial Empire into the World Economy, 1770-1873 (London, 1987).
18. Robert Gregory, South Asians in East Africa (Boulder, 1993);
19. Sheriff, "Outline History, " 19-21;
20. George Hadjivayanis and Ed Ferguson, "The Development of a Colonial Working Class, " in Zanzibar under Colonial Rule, ed. Abdul Sheriff and EdFerguson (London, 1991), 188-96;
21. and Erik Gilbert, Dhows and the Colonial Economy of Zanzibar, 1860-1970(Oxford, 2004).
22. Laura Fair, Pastimes and Politics: Culture, Community and Identity in Post-Abolition Urban Zanzibar, 1890-1945 (Athens, Ohio, 2001).
23. Francis B. Pearce, Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa(London, 1920).
24. Erich F. Meffert, "Zanzibar, " in Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, ed. Paul Oliver (Cambridge, 1997), 1992.
25. Garth Myers, "Naming and Placing the Other: Power and the Urban Landscape in Zanzibar, " Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie87, no.3 (1996), 237-46.
26. Abdul Sheriff, "The Spatial Dichotomy of Swahili Towns: The Case of Zanzibar in the Nineteenth Century, " in The Urban Experience in Eastern Africa, c. 1750-2000, ed. Andrew Burton (Nairobi, 2002), 63-81;
27. and Sheriff and Ferguson, Zanzibar under Colonial Rule.
28. Richard H. Crofton to Secretary of State for the Colonies, 25 Mar. 1931, AB 39/203, Zanzibar National Archives (hereafter ZNA).
29. Henry V. Lanchester, Zanzibar: A Study in Tropical Town Planning(Cheltenham, 1923).
30. Richard H. Crofton, "Secret Memorandum on Town Planning, " 10Aug. 1928, AB 39/203, ZNA.
31. Garth Myers, "Sticks and Stones: Colonialism and Zanzibari Housing, " Africa 67, no.2 (1997), 260-61.
32. Zanzibar Protectorate, Annual Medical and Sanitary Report of the Health Department (Zanzibar, 1937).
33. Garth Myers, Verandabs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa(Syracuse, 2003).
34. Myers, Verandahs of Power.
35. Garth Myers, "Colonial Discourse and Africa's Colonized Middle: Ajit Singh's Architecture, " Historical Geography 27 (1999), 27-55.
36. "Low Cost Housing in Zanzibar: The Ng'ambo Improvement Scheme, "Colonial Building Notes 1 (1950), 1-3.
37. Myers, Verandabs of Power.
38. Myers, "Colonial Discourse."
39. Garth Myers, "Reconstructing Ng'ambo: Town Planning on the Other Side of Zanzibar" (PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1993).
40. Myers, "Sticks and Stones, " 263-64.
41. Myers, "Reconstructing Ng'ambo."
42. Norma Evenson, "The Hybrid Metropolis: Western Influences in India, " in Bourdier and Alsayyad, Dwellings, Settlements and Tradition, 425-49 (see n. 9);
43. Nihal Perera, "Indigenising the Colonial City: Late 19th Century Colombo and its Landscape, " Urban Studies 39, no. 9 (2002), 1703-21;
44. and Nezar Alsayyad, "From Vernacularism to Glabalism: The Temporal Reality of Traditional Settlements, " Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review 7, no.1 (1995), 13-24.
45. Anthony King, The Bungalow: The Production of a Global Culture (London, 1983);
46. Pauline D. Milone, "Indische Culture and its Relationship to Urban Life, " Comparative Studies in Society and History 9 (1966), 407-26;
47. François Béguin, Arabisances (Paris, 1983);
48. Zeynep Çelik, Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiersunder French Rule (Berkeley, 1997);
49. Gwendolyn Wright, The Politics of Design in French Colonial Urbanism(Chicago, 1991);
50. and Edwards, "Architectural Creolisation" (see n. 3)
51. King, Bungalow, 31.
52. See, for example, H. M. J. Hart, "The Living Conditions of Municipally Employed Coolies in Batavia in 1937, " in The Indonesian Town, Koninklijk Instituut voor De Tropen (1939; The Hague, 1958), 85-224;
53. and Anita Larsson, "Traditional versus Modern in Botswana: AnAnalysis from the User's Perspective, " in Bourdier and Alsayyad, Dwellings, Settlements and Tradition, 503-20.
54. Susan Denyer, African Traditional Architecture (London, 1978), 192-93.
55. Reg Henry, "Colonial Karma: Factors Affecting Manpower and Trainingfor Third World Housing, " in Housing in Third World Countries: Perspectiveson Policy and Practice, eds. Hamish S. Murison and John P. Lea (London, 1979), 111-17.
56. G. E. Walker, "Notes on Government and Municipal African Housing Schemes in West, East and South Africa, " typescript, COR 859/123/9, PRO.
57. Çelik, Urban Forms, 108-10;
58. and Wright, Politics of Design, 153.
59. James L. Cobban, "Public Housing in Colonial Indonesia, 1900-1940, " Modern Asian Studies 27, no.4 (1993), 888;
60. and Wright, Politics of Design, 9, 108.
61. Rhodri Windsor Liscombe, "Modernism in Late Imperial British West Africa: The Work of Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, 1946-56, " JSAH 65, no.2(June 2006), 207;
62. and Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zone(London, 1956).
63. For an overview that understates the extent of colonial initiatives, see Richard Harris and Ceinwen Giles, "A Mixed Message: The Agents and Forms of International Housing Policy, 1945-1973, " Habitat International 27, no. 2(2003), 167-92.
64. and Liscombe, "Modernism in Late Imperial British West Africa, "193.
65. C. Y. Carstairs, "Architecture in the Tropics, " Corona V, no. 8(1953), 305-9. Corona was the in-house magazine for members of the colonialservice.